scholarly journals 3D MPRAGE improves classification of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nelson ◽  
A Poonawalla ◽  
P Hou ◽  
JS Wolinsky ◽  
PA Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Lesion Morphology

Background Gray matter lesions are known to be common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are suspected to play an important role in disease progression and clinical disability. A combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, double-inversion recovery (DIR), and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR), has been used for detection and classification of cortical lesions. This study shows that high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) improves the classification of cortical lesions by allowing more accurate anatomic localization of lesion morphology. Methods 11 patients with MS with previously identified cortical lesions were scanned using DIR, PSIR, and 3D MPRAGE. Lesions were identified on DIR and PSIR and classified as purely intracortical or mixed. MPRAGE images were then examined, and lesions were re-classified based on the new information. Results The high signal-to-noise ratio, fine anatomic detail, and clear gray-white matter tissue contrast seen in the MPRAGE images provided superior delineation of lesion borders and surrounding gray-white matter junction, improving classification accuracy. 119 lesions were identified as either intracortical or mixed on DIR/PSIR. In 89 cases, MPRAGE confirmed the classification by DIR/PSIR. In 30 cases, MPRAGE overturned the original classification. Conclusion Improved classification of cortical lesions was realized by inclusion of high-spatial resolution 3D MPRAGE. This sequence provides unique detail on lesion morphology that is necessary for accurate classification.

scholarly journals Intracortical lesions by 3T magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Nelson ◽  
Sushmita Datta ◽  
Nereyda Garcia ◽  
Nigel L Rozario ◽  
Francisco Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background: Accurate classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in the brain cortex may be important in understanding their impact on cognitive impairment (CI). Improved accuracy in identification/classification of cortical lesions was demonstrated in a study combining two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences: double inversion recovery (DIR) and T1-weighted phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR). Objective: To evaluate the role of intracortical lesions (IC) in MS-related CI and compare it with the role of mixed (MX), juxtacortical (JX), the sum of IC + MX and with total lesions as detected on DIR/PSIR images. Correlations between CI and brain atrophy, disease severity and disease duration were also sought. Methods: A total of 39 patients underwent extensive neuropsychological testing and were classified into normal and impaired groups. Images were obtained on a 3T scanner and cortical lesions were assessed blind to the cognitive status of the subjects. Results: Some 238 cortical lesions were identified (130 IC, 108 MX) in 82% of the patients; 39 JX lesions were also identified. Correlations between CI and MX lesions alone ( p = 0.010) and with the sum of IC + MX lesions ( p = 0.030) were found. A correlation between severity of CI and Expanded Disability Status Scale was also seen ( p = 0.009). Conclusion: Cortical lesions play an important role in CI. However, our results suggest that lesions that remain contained within the cortical ribbon do not play a more important role than ones extending into the adjacent white matter; furthermore, the size of the cortical lesion, and not the tissue-specific location, may better explain their correlation with CI.

Acute severe memory impairment as a presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis: a clinical case study with 3D double inversion recovery MR imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAF Coebergh ◽  
SD Roosendaal ◽  
CH Polman ◽  
JJ Geurts ◽  
TCAM van Woerkom
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Double Inversion Recovery ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Clinical Case Study

We present the case of a 21-year-old woman with acute memory impairment. It was initially not recognized as organic in nature. Repeated neuropsychological testing confirmed severely disturbed encoding and recall. Three-dimensional double inversion recovery (3D-DIR) MRI confirmed hippocampal and cortical lesions. Further clinical symptoms, visual evoked potential and MRI suggested a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The amnestic syndrome has remained for 5 years. This case illustrates that MS can present with acute cortical symptoms which can be difficult to recognize. The hippocampus can be acutely affected and DIR MRI imaging can help to demonstrate cortical lesions that explain the clinical picture.

scholarly journals Ab initiostructure determination of nanocrystals of organic pharmaceutical compounds by electron diffraction at room temperature using a Timepix quantum area direct electron detector

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Genderen ◽  
M. T. B. Clabbers ◽  
P. P. Das ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
I. Nederlof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Electron Diffraction Data ◽  
High Signal

Until recently, structure determination by transmission electron microscopy of beam-sensitive three-dimensional nanocrystals required electron diffraction tomography data collection at liquid-nitrogen temperature, in order to reduce radiation damage. Here it is shown that the novel Timepix detector combines a high dynamic range with a very high signal-to-noise ratio and single-electron sensitivity, enablingab initiophasing of beam-sensitive organic compounds. Low-dose electron diffraction data (∼0.013 e− Å−2 s−1) were collected at room temperature with the rotation method. It was ascertained that the data were of sufficient quality for structure solution using direct methods using software developed for X-ray crystallography (XDS,SHELX) and for electron crystallography (ADT3D/PETS,SIR2014).

scholarly journals MRI evaluation of thalamic volume differentiates MS from common mimics

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Solomon ◽  
Richard Watts ◽  
Blake E. Dewey ◽  
Daniel S. Reich
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mri Segmentation ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Objective:To determine whether MRI evaluation of thalamic volume differentiates MS from other disorders that cause MRI white matter abnormalities.Methods:There were 40 study participants: 10 participants with MS without additional comorbidities for white matter abnormalities (MS − c); 10 participants with MS with additional comorbidities for white matter abnormalities (MS + c); 10 participants with migraine, MRI white matter abnormalities, and no additional comorbidities for white matter abnormalities (Mig − c); and 10 participants previously incorrectly diagnosed with MS (Misdx). T1-magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo and T2-weighted three-dimensional fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequences were acquired on a Phillips Achieva d-Stream 3T MRI, and scans were randomly ordered and de-identified for a blinded reviewer who performed MRI segmentation using LesionTOADS.Results:Mean normalized thalamic volume differed among the 4 cohorts (analysis of variance, p = 0.005) and was smaller in the 20 MS participants compared with the 20 non-MS participants (p < 0.001), smaller in MS − c compared with Mig − c (p = 0.03), and smaller in MS + c compared with Misdx (p = 0.006). The sensitivity and specificity were both 0.75 for diagnosis of MS with a thalamic volume <0.0077.Conclusions:MRI volumetric evaluation of the thalamus, but not other deep gray-matter structures, differentiated MS from other diseases that cause white matter abnormalities and are often mistaken for MS. Evaluation for thalamic atrophy may improve accuracy for diagnosis of MS as an adjunct to additional radiologic criteria. Thalamic volumetric assessment by MRI in larger cohorts of patients undergoing evaluation for MS is needed, along with the development of automated and easily applied volumetric assessment tools for future clinical application.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class III evidence that MRI evaluation of thalamic volume differentiates MS from other diseases that cause white matter abnormalities.

scholarly journals Improved in vivo detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis using double inversion recovery MR imaging at 3 Tesla

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1675-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Simon ◽  
Stephan Schmidt ◽  
Carsten Lukas ◽  
Jürgen Gieseke ◽  
Frank Träber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
Double Inversion Recovery ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
In Vivo Detection

HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele is associated with intracortical lesions on three-dimensional double inversion recovery images in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Shinoda ◽  
Takuya Matsushita ◽  
Yuri Nakamura ◽  
Katsuhisa Masaki ◽  
Ryo Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Double Inversion Recovery ◽  
Inversion Recovery Imaging ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Caucasian Patients

Background: Cortical lesions (CLs) frequently observed in Caucasian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) contribute to disability. However, it remains unclear whether CLs are associated with clinical features and genetic risk factors, such as HLA-DRB1*15:01 and -DRB1*04:05 in Asian MS patients. Objective: To elucidate the frequency of CLs and their association with HLA-DRB1 and DPB1 alleles in Japanese MS patients. Methods: Three-dimensional double inversion recovery imaging and clinical information were retrospectively obtained from 92 Japanese MS patients. Results: CLs of any type, intracortical lesions (ICLs), and leukocortical lesions (LCLs) were detected in 39.1%, 26.1%, and 28.3% of patients, respectively. MS patients with ICLs had a significantly higher frequency of secondary progression and greater Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores than those without ICLs. Similar trends were observed with CLs and LCLs. The number of all three lesion types positively correlated with EDSS scores. The frequency and number of ICLs were significantly higher in HLA-DRB1*15:01 carriers than in HLA-DRB1*15:01 non-carriers, but significantly lower in HLA-DRB1*04:05 carriers than in HLA-DRB1*04:05 non-carriers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a negative association of HLA-DRB1*04:05 with ICLs. Conclusion: ICLs are associated with greater disease severity in Japanese MS patients and are partly suppressed by the HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of white matter and cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 101938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário João Fartaria ◽  
Tobias Kober ◽  
Cristina Granziera ◽  
Meritxell Bach Cuadra
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Cortical Lesions

scholarly journals Studies of the ISM in the LMC using SN1987A

1991 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 431-431
Author(s):  
Max Pettini
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Absorption Lines ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Hii Region ◽  
Sn 1987A

The exceptional brightness of SN1987A provided a wealth of opportunities for probing not only the interstellar medium in our Galaxy and in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), but also any intergalactic matter between the two. Spectroscopic work has been directed both towards searches for very weak absorption lines, which require data of exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio, and towards recording spectra of known features at unprecedentedly high resolution. Both approaches have yielded exciting and unexpected results. The first detection of [FeX] absorption has revealed the presence of million-degree gas in the interstellar medium of the LMC, possibly resulting from the explosions of previous supernovae in the 30-Doradus HII region. The ultra-high-resolution observations have been successful in resolving the hyperfine structure of the sodium D lines in several interstellar clouds along the line of sight to the supernova. This implies that the clouds are at temperatures of, at most, 170 K and have internal turbulent velocities of not more than 0.2 km s−1; large-scale motions thus appear to be mainly subsonic in these clouds. Radio observations of HI emission at 21-cm with the Parkes telescope have been combined with measurements of a variety of ultraviolet absorption lines, obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite, to give the most detailed picture yet of the chemical composition of the gas between the Galaxy and the LMC. Finally, photographic monitoring of the light echo of SN 1987A over the last two years has provided a three-dimensional view of the interstellar environment in which SN 1987A exploded, complementing vividly the information deduced from the spectroscopic results.

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