scholarly journals Proportional ranking in primary elections: A case study

2022 ◽  
pp. 135406882110667
Author(s):  
Ariel Rosenfeld ◽  
Ehud Shapiro ◽  
Nimrod Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Real World ◽  
Primary Elections ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Aggregation Methods ◽  
Voter Groups

Many democratic political parties hold primary elections, which nicely reflects their democratic nature and promote, among other things, the democratic value of inclusiveness. However, the methods currently used for holding such primary elections may not be the most suitable, especially if some form of proportional ranking is desired. In this paper, we compare different algorithmic methods for holding primaries (i.e., different aggregation methods for voters’ ballots) by evaluating the degree of proportional ranking that is achieved by each of them using real-world data. In particular, we compare six different algorithms by analyzing real-world data from a recent primary election conducted by the Israeli Democratit party. Technically, we analyze unique voter data and evaluate the proportionality achieved by means of cluster analysis, aiming at pinpointing the representation that is granted to different voter groups under each of the algorithmic methods considered. Our finding suggest that, contrary to the most-prominent primaries algorithm used (i.e., Approval), other methods such as Sequential Proportional Approval or Phragmen can bring about better proportional ranking and thus may be better suited for primary elections in practice.

scholarly journals Development of an Innovative Real-World Evidence Registry for the Herpes Simplex Virus: Case Study

10.2196/16933 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e16933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Helena van Velthoven ◽  
Ching Lam ◽  
Caroline de Cock ◽  
Terese Stenfors ◽  
Hassan Chaudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Real World ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Simplex Virus

Background Infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is common but not well understood. Furthermore, there remains a social stigma surrounding HSV that can have psychosocial implications for those infected. Despite many patients infected with HSV experiencing mild-to-severe physical symptoms, only one subeffective treatment is available. A registry collecting real-world data reported by individuals potentially infected with HSV could help patients to better understand and manage their condition. Objective This study aimed to report on the development of a registry to collect real-world data reported by people who might be infected with HSV. Methods A case study design was selected as it provides a systematic and in-depth approach to investigating the planning phase of the registry. The case study followed seven stages: plan, design, prepare, collect, analyze, create, and share. We carried out semistructured interviews with experts, which were thematically analyzed and used to build use cases for the proposed registry. These use cases will be used to generate detailed models of how a real-world evidence registry might be perceived and used by different users. Results The following key themes were identified in the interviews: (1) stigma and anonymity, (2) selection bias, (3) understanding treatment and outcome gaps, (4) lifestyle factors, (5) individualized versus population-level data, and (6) severe complications of HSV. We developed use cases for different types of users of the registry, including individuals with HSV, members of the public, researchers, and clinicians. Conclusions This case study revealed key considerations and insights for the development of an appropriate registry to collect real-world data reported by people who might be infected with HSV. Further development and testing of the registry with different users is required. The registry must also be evaluated for the feasibility and effectiveness of collecting data to support symptom management. This registry has the potential to contribute to the development of vaccines and treatments and provide insights into the impact of HSV on other conditions.

scholarly journals Developing Markov Models From Real-World Data: A Case Study of Heart Failure Modeling Using Administrative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
Praveen Thokala ◽  
Peter Dodd ◽  
Hassan Baalbaki ◽  
Alan Brennan ◽  
Simon Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Failure Modeling

VP49 Real-world Evidence For Economic Evaluation Of Medical Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Benedetta Pongiglione ◽  
Aleksandra Torbica
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Real World ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Data Mapping ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data

IntroductionRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard in the hierarchy of research designs for evaluating the efficacy and safety of a treatment intervention. The low external validity of RCTs and the general shortage of clinical evidence available to support the use of many medical devices have emphasized the necessity for exploring the use of real-world data (RWD) as a complementary source to RCTs data for establishing a more robust evidence base on the effectiveness of medical devices. The aim of the present project is to assess in a comprehensive way the existing sources of real world data on medical devices in Europe.MethodsThe guidelines to the mapping exercise have been outlined in a research protocol. First, all national relevant sources (e.g. website of Ministry of Health, national institutions, research bodies) are screened, both in local language and English. Second, we perform a systematic search on PubMed using a set of key words for each case study, adapted to each country setting. Finally, we seek advice from key actors in the field of the device and clinical conditions, such as manufacturers or clinicians.ResultsInformation on existing sources of RWD for each case studies are provided in a template including details on the key features of the source (e.g. data producer, data collection period, sample size, study design, geographical coverage) and the main content of the dataset, distinguishing socio-demographic information, clinical and epidemiological data, data on resource use and health outcomes. The data mapping includes all countries of the project participants, i.e. Italy, UK, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, and we enlarge the scope of our mapping including other countries: Spain, France, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Poland and Hungary as well as international databases at pan-EU level. The number of available sources of RWD and their quality vary depending on case study and across countries. For example, in the case of orthopaedics, many countries have a national registry and administrative data, such as hospital discharge, contain useful information, although not as detailed. When a registry is not available, it is often the case that more observational studies are available; this occurs for example in France.ConclusionsIn this work we shows the importance of RWE and map in an accurate and comprehensive way which source of RWD are currently available and to what extent they are known and used in medical, epidemiological and economic research.

scholarly journals A scoping review of core outcome sets and their ‘mapping’ onto real-world data using prostate cancer as a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Meregaglia ◽  
Oriana Ciani ◽  
Helen Banks ◽  
Maximilian Salcher-Konrad ◽  
Caroline Carney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Core Outcome Sets ◽  
World Data

scholarly journals Evolution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Worker Cohort: A Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Sara Castel-Feced ◽  
Lina Maldonado ◽  
Isabel Aguilar-Palacio ◽  
Sara Malo ◽  
Belén Moreno-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data

Keywords: longitudinal study; cluster analysis; real-world data

PP162 Digital Medication Health Service Platforms Of Pharmaceutical Companies As Novel Sources Of Real-World Data For Health Technology Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Carolina Oi Lam Ung ◽  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data

IntroductionDigital medication health service (DMHS) platforms are increasingly used by pharmaceutical companies to provide direct medication health services through digital methods like apps, hotlines, and web services, etcetera. However, the implications of such platforms in supporting health technology assessment (HTA) are rarely discussed in the literature. This presentation sets out the opportunities for using the DMHS platforms of pharmaceutical companies as real-world data sources for HTA.MethodsA mixed-method qualitative study combining literature review and case study was conducted. Relevant literature was identified by searching the Web of Science and PubMed databases. A case study on current DMHS platforms in China was carried out using an inductive approach to identify the key elements emerging from these platforms.ResultsDMHS platforms of pharmaceutical companies can identify multiple attributes of medication information needs regarding medical products, including effectiveness, safety, and economic factors. The platforms can respond to different stakeholders, including patients and their carers, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, etcetera. As one kind of interactive process, DMHS platforms can provide further services, including patient education, consultation, and evaluation, follow-up visits, chronic disease management, promotion of the rational use of drugs, therapeutic drug monitoring, and adverse drug reaction surveillance and reporting.ConclusionsThe DMHS platforms of pharmaceutical companies provide a unique and valuable real-world data source for HTA. These types of self-reported outcomes have not gained enough attention in HTA. Collective efforts by HTA agencies and pharmaceutical companies are needed to set strategies for integrating DMHS platforms into HTA.

scholarly journals Sharing Patient-Controlled Real World Data: Applying the Theory of Commons in an Action Research Case Study (Preprint)

10.2196/16842 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hager ◽  
Staffan Lindblad ◽  
Mats Brommels ◽  
Stina Salomonsson ◽  
Carolina Wannheden
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data
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