Application of PCA with georeferenced data in the tourism industry: A case study in the province of Córdoba, Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662098768
Author(s):  
Laura I Luna
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Methodological Innovation ◽  
Spatial Principal Components ◽  
Components Analysis

The spatial analysis of tourism industries provides information about their structure, which is necessary for decision-making. In this work, tourism industries in the departments of Córdoba province, Argentina, for the 2001–2014 period were mapped. Multivariate methods with and without spatial restrictions (spatial principal components (sPCs) analysis, MULTISPATI-PCA, and principal components analysis (PCA), respectively) were applied and their performance was compared. MULTISPATI-PCA yielded a higher degree of spatial structuring of the components that summarize tourism activities than PCA. The methodological innovation lies in the generation of statistics for multidimensional spatial data. The departments were classified according to the participation of tourism activities in the value added of tourism using the sPCs obtained as input of the cluster fuzzy k-means analysis. This information provides elements necessary for appropriately defining local development strategies and, therefore, is useful to improve decision-making.

scholarly journals Raman investigation of corrosion products on Roman copper-based artefacts

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Leila Es Sebar ◽  
Leonardo Iannucci ◽  
Yuval Goren ◽  
Peter Fabian ◽  
Emma Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Beer Sheva ◽  
Chemometric Technique ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Main Components

<p class="Abstract">This paper illustrates a case study related to the characterisation of corrosion products present on recently excavated artefacts. The archaeological findings, from the Rakafot 54 site (Beer-Sheva, Israel), consist of 23 coins and a pendant, all dating back to the Roman period. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the corrosion products that compose the patina covering the objects. To facilitate and support their identification, spectra were then processed using principal components analysis. This chemometric technique allowed the identification of two main compounds, classified as atacamite and clinoatacamite, which formed the main components of the patinas. The results of this investigation can help in assessing the conservation state of artefacts and defining the correct restoration strategy.</p>

Using multivariate factorial kriging for multiscale ordination: a case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2860-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Nanos ◽  
Fernando Pardo ◽  
Jesus Alonso Nager ◽  
José Alberto Pardos ◽  
Luis Gil
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Multiple Scale ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Linear Model Of Coregionalization ◽  
Factorial Kriging ◽  
Components Analysis

Vegetation ordination is usually based on classical data reduction techniques such as principal components analysis, correspondence analysis, or multidimensional scaling. The usual methods do not account for multiscale correlations among species. In this paper, we use a geostatistical method, known as multivariate factorial kriging, for studying multiple-scale correlations. The case study was carried out in a mixed broadleaf forest of central Spain. Six tree species were included in the analysis. Data analysis included (i) experimental variogram calculation and modeling with the use of the linear model of coregionalization, (ii) principal components analysis, and (iii) cokriging. The results indicate that correlations among species are different depending on the spatial scale. We conclude that competition for light is the main factor controlling the spatial distribution of species at the plot-level scale of variation. At larger scales of variation, soil conditions and (or) human intervention are the key factors in determining the observed vegetation pattern. Based on the factor scores for the largest scale of variation, we conducted a cluster analysis to identify plots with similar characteristics. The resulting clusters have the remarkable property of being spatially continuous.

scholarly journals Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making for Assessing the Enhanced Geothermal Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raos ◽  
Ilak ◽  
Rajšl ◽  
Bilić ◽  
Trullenque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Technical Specifications

This paper presents the main features of a multiple-criteria decision-making tool for economic and environmental assessment of enhanced geothermal systems projects. The presented holistic approach takes into account important influencing factors such as technical specifications, geological characteristics, spatial data, energy and heat prices, and social and environmental impact. The multiple-criteria decision-making approach uses a weighted decision matrix for evaluating different enhanced geothermal systems alternatives based on a set of criterions which are defined and presented in this paper. The paper, defines and quantifies new criterions for assessing enhanced geothermal systems for a particular site. For evaluation of the relative importance of each criterion in decision making, the weight is associated with each of the listed criterions. The different scenarios of end-use applications are tested in the case study. Finally, in the case study, the data and statistics are collected from real geothermal plants. The case study provides results for several scenarios and the sensitivity analysis based on which the approach is validated. The proposed method is expected to be of great interest to investors and decision makers as it enables better risk mitigation.

scholarly journals Tempting the Chinese Dragon: Political Economy of Chinese Tourism to New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizabeth Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

<p>This thesis explores the international political economy (IPE) of outbound Chinese tourism within the context of New Zealand. New Zealand as a case study shows the impact of tourism changes on a nation reliant on tourism. It demonstrates the growing impact of China as an international economic and political power. It utilizes a mixed method approach to conduct a document-based and literature-based investigation and concludes Chinese tourism is reshaping the New Zealand political economy. New Zealand marketing strategies have shifted to cater to the Chinese market but could expand to meet these different interests, including culturescapes and collectivism. The economic impact of Chinese tourism has been broadly positive for New Zealand but far more could be done to leverage tourism. New Zealand is an expensive destination and could target high value tourists. This would require more quality offerings and making full use of the linkages between tourism and trade. More can be done to maximise the value added by e-commerce post visitation. The growth of Chinese tourism has uncovered deficiencies in New Zealand and stimulated debates around how to ensure the New Zealand tourism industry is sustainable. New Zealand policymakers and commentators are debating how to shift tourists to the shoulder seasons and the regions and how to maintain sustainable tourism numbers. The rise of Chinese inbound tourism to New Zealand has also uncovered an infrastructure deficit. By examining the overall state of Chinese tourism to New Zealand, this thesis creates a comprehensive assessment of how Chinese outbound tourism is shaping New Zealand’s political economy.</p>

scholarly journals SMARTKADASTER: OBSERVING BEYOND TRADITIONAL CADASTRE CAPABILITIES FOR MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-2/W4 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
M. N. Bin Isa ◽  
T. C. Hua ◽  
N. Z. Binti Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Cadastral Surveying ◽  
Land Information System ◽  
Analysis Platform

The digital age for cadastral surveying started in stages, more than 20 years ago in Malaysia and JUPEM played a vital role in its successful implementation nationwide. One of the key products of cadastral survey is cadastral maps, which provide useful information for any land information system. However, as technology evolved and simplicity is familiarised, better services are anticipated and have affected how cadastral survey information are perceived. A paradigm shift is necessary where enriched cadastral information is required for multiple usage and allow real cadastral information based services to users. On that note, JUPEM is intrigued to develop a system where National Digital Cadastral Database is value added with other geospatial information for a smart and multipurpose environment and clearly be interpreted as a decision making tool with the aids of 3D realistic spatial data, namely SmartKADASTER. The SmartKADASTER is an ongoing project developed by JUPEM with the aim to establish a realistic and SMART cadastral-based spatial analysis platform for an effective planning, decision making, enabling efficiencies and enhancing communication and management to support SMART services towards SMART City enablement in Malaysia. It is developed in phases with the Federal Territory of Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur as the initial project implementation area. This paper provides awareness and insights of the on-going development of the project and how it could benefit potential users and stakeholders.

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