Test anxiety in physical education: The predictive role of gender, age, and implicit theories of athletic ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Danthony ◽  
Nicolas Mascret ◽  
François Cury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Entity Theory ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Control Entity

Test anxiety is experienced by a substantial number of students in many school subjects, including physical education, and it may be deleterious for their school performance and their well-being. The aim of our study was to explore through multiple regression and mediation analyses the relationships between test anxiety in physical education, implicit theories, gender, and age. Five hundred and twenty-six French students ( Mage = 15.82, SD = 1.19) voluntarily participated in the study. The results mainly highlighted the following: Gender was a significant predictor of all the components of physical education test anxiety, evidencing that girls scored higher than boys on the four negative components (worry, self-focus, bodily symptoms, somatic tension), and lower on the positive component (perceived control). Age negatively predicted the self-focus component only. Entity theory was a significant predictor of the five components of test anxiety, whereas incremental theory only positively predicted perceived control. Entity theory partially mediated the relationships between gender and perceived control. A better understanding by physical education teachers of the characteristics of their students (e.g. gender differences, age, implicit theories of athletic ability) may contribute to decreasing test anxiety in physical education.

scholarly journals Los juegos motores como recurso pedagógico para favorecer la afectividad desde la educación física (Traditional games: a pedagogical tool to foster affectivity in physical education)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Verónica Muñoz-Arroyave ◽  
Pere Lavega-Burgués ◽  
Antoni Costes ◽  
Sabrine Damian ◽  
Jorge Serna
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
School Students ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Pedagogical Tools

En el contexto educativo, educar competencias emocionales origina unas consecuencias muy positivas en el rendimiento académico y el bienestar subjetivo del alumnado, especialmente si se trabaja desde edades tempranas. La asignatura de educación física dispone de un gran repertorio de recursos pedagógicos para promover una educación física integral, destacando entre ellos el juego motor. El objetivo de este estudio fue desvelar la fuerza predictiva de dos variables asociadas al juego (dominio de acción motriz: juegos psicomotores, de cooperación, de oposición y de cooperación-oposición y competición: presencia o ausencia) sobre la intensidad emocional de los alumnos. Participaron en total 91 estudiantes de educación secundaria de Cataluña con edades entre los 12 y 14 años. Se realizaron ocho sesiones de intervención (un tipo de juego por sesión). Tras la práctica de los juegos, los participantes valoraron su experiencia emocional de 1 a 10 respondiendo el cuestionario validado GES. Para el análisis de los datos se aplicaron dos técnicas estadísticas diferentes pero complementarias: ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas y árboles de clasificación. Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca que: a) a través del juego motor se puede potenciar el desarrollo de las competencias motrices y socio-emocionales; b) El profesor de educación física debería saber que la variable competición asociada al tipo de relaciones en el juego influye en la experiencia de emociones positivas. c) El juego es una fuente de vivencias emocionales positivas, especialmente los juegos cooperativos sin competición. Abstract. In the educational context, forming emotional competences leads to very positive consequences in  academic performance and subjective well-being of the students, especially if it is worked from early ages. Physical education has a large repertoire of pedagogical tools to promote an integral physical education, motor games standing out among them. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive capacity of two characteristics of a game (motor action domain: psychomotor, cooperation, opposition and cooperation-opposition; and competition games: presence or absence) on emotional intensity. A total of 91 high school students from Catalonia participated. Eight 60-minute intervention sessions were conducted with games of the same type in each session. Emotional intensity was assessed at the end of the session using the GES questionnaire. For the data analysis, two statistical techniques were applied: generalized estimation equations and classification trees. The main findings indicated that: a) through motor games, the development of motor and socio-emotional competences can be enhanced; b) Physical education teachers should be aware that the interaction between competition and type of relationships during a game has an influence on experiencing positive emotions; c) games are a source of positive emotional experiences, especially the cooperative, non-competitive ones.

scholarly journals Benefits of Outdoor Sports in Blue Spaces. The Case of School Nautical Activities in Viana do Castelo

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8470
Author(s):  
Míriam Rocher ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
Gonçalo Cruz ◽  
Renato Bentes ◽  
Josep Lloret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
School Age ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
The Social

Participating in outdoor sports in blue spaces is recognized to produce a range of significant social benefits. This case study empirically analyzes the social benefits associated with the School Nautical Activities project carried out in Viana do Castelo (Portugal) in school-age children and adolescents. It consisted of a 4 year program in which scholars took part in nautical activities (surfing, rowing, sailing, and canoeing) in blue spaces once a week during a semester as a part of their physical education course. The methods used for data collection were as follows: (1) a survey answered by 595 participants in the program and (2) five focus groups (FG): two FGs with participants (seven on each FG), two FGs with their parents (eight participants each), and one FG with the physical education teachers (five participants). Interviews were transcribed and qualitative analysis with NVivo software was developed. Results revealed clear evidence on the social benefits for school-age children and adolescents associated with participation in outdoor activities in blue spaces both in the overall health and in all the following analyzed categories: mental health and well-being, education, active citizenship, social behavior, and environmental awareness. More than 40% state that their overall health is much better now (13.4%) or somewhat better now (29.9%) due to their participation in the program. Thus, this article provides support for the anecdotal recognition of the benefits for school-age children and adolescents from participating in sports in the outdoors and especially in blue spaces.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Physical Education Environment on Children’s Well-Being and Physical Activity Across the Transition from Primary to Secondary School

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Taylor ◽  
Christopher M. Spray ◽  
Natalie Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
School Transition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of the study was to explore change in children’s physical self-concept and self-reported physical activity over a school transition period, as well as motivational and interpersonal influences on these two outcomes. Data were collected from 545 children (mean age = 10.82, SD = 0.39, 51% female) at three time points before and after the United Kingdom secondary school transition. Multilevel modeling revealed that physical self-concept and physical activity showed different patterns of decline over the course of the study. Changes in the extent to which physical education teachers were perceived to provide psychological need support, peer focus on self-referenced learning and mastery, and changes in autonomous motives toward physical education classes were positively associated with these outcome variables. The present study provides novel insight into important motivational and interpersonal factors that may need to be targeted to prevent negative developmental patterns over a potentially challenging period for children.

Girls’ Experiences in Physical Education: Competition, Evaluation, & Degradation

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl van Daalen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
School Based ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Opt Out

School nurses are often asked to participate in the health component of many physical education (PE) programs in schools. With this opportunity comes an ability to invite a model of physical education that enables physical, mental, and relational health. A pilot study was initiated to explore why girls’ enrollment in physical education was dwindling once the compulsory credits were achieved. What emerged was the reality that for many girls, physical education was a source of constant shaming regarding their athletic ability and eventually themselves. Forced competition, degrading evaluation, and sexuality- and size-related harassment by both peers and teachers led the participants in this study to opt out of any further physical education classes. Within school-based physical education exists an opportunity to promote the health of adolescent women. School nurses, in partnership with physical education teachers and girls, can construct a model of physical education that is neither based on competition nor athletic ability, but rather on building a positive self-esteem and a positive relationship with one’s body. This model would be rooted in participation, fun, and female friendship.

Who Confronts Prejudice?

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 952-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeta Rattan ◽  
Carol S. Dweck
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Incremental Theory ◽  
Entity Theory ◽  
Explicit Bias

Despite the possible costs, confronting prejudice can have important benefits, ranging from the well-being of the target of prejudice to social change. What, then, motivates targets of prejudice to confront people who express explicit bias? In three studies, we tested the hypothesis that targets who hold an incremental theory of personality (i.e., the belief that people can change) are more likely to confront prejudice than targets who hold an entity theory of personality (i.e., the belief that people have fixed traits). In Study 1, targets’ beliefs about the malleability of personality predicted whether they spontaneously confronted an individual who expressed bias. In Study 2, targets who held more of an incremental theory reported that they would be more likely to confront prejudice and less likely to withdraw from future interactions with an individual who expressed prejudice. In Study 3, we manipulated implicit theories and replicated these findings. By highlighting the central role that implicit theories of personality play in targets’ motivation to confront prejudice, this research has important implications for intergroup relations and social change.

scholarly journals Teorías implícitas y modelos de formación subyacentes a la percepción de rol del profesor de Educación Física (Implicit theories and models of formation underlying the perception of the role of physical education teachers)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Benito Alonso Urra Tobar ◽  
María José Fehrenberg Gaete ◽  
Marcelo Muñoz Lara ◽  
Alexi Matheu Pérez ◽  
Alda Reyno Freundt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Teaching Role ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
And Training ◽  
Modelo Pedagógico ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

El presente estudio emplea un enfoque mixto de investigación para analizar las teorías implícitas y modelos de formación subyacentes a la percepción del rol asociado al profesor de Educación Física en estudiantes universitarios chilenos que comienzan su período de formación. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 77 alumnos pertenecientes a dos universidades (57,1 % de sexo masculino y 42,9% de sexo femenino) con edades entre los 18 y los 20 años (x: 19,2 años). Los resultados más significativos revelan la alta influencia de la experiencia previa en la valoración de la asignatura y en la percepción del rol docente así como un énfasis en atributos personales y actitudinales del profesor por sobre aspectos metodológicos, conceptuales y valóricos. A partir de ello, se observa el predominio del modelo pedagógico y la teoría educativa como teoría implícita subyacente a la percepción de rol docente y, con ello, el énfasis en un modelo práctico de formación para poder abordar de mejor forma la expectativa laboral ligada a la docencia. Se analizan las implicancias y desafíos que tal realidad conlleva para las universidades y centros de formación en la disciplina. Abstract. The present study used a mixed approach of research to analyze the implicit theories and models of formation underlying the perception of the role associated with physical education teachers in Chilean university students who begin their period of training. Therefore, a sample of 77 students (57.1% male, 42.9% females) from two universities, aged between 18 and 20 years old (x: 19.2 years), was selected. The most significant results revealed high influence of previous experience on the evaluation of subjects and on the perception of the teaching role, as well as emphasis on teachers’ personal attributes and attitudes above methodological, conceptual, and value aspects. Based on that, there is a predominance of the pedagogical model and of the educational theory as implicit theories underlying the perception of teachers’ role and, alongside, an emphasis on practical formation models so to better approach work expectations related with teaching. The implications and challenges that such reality entails for universities and training centers in the discipline are analyzed.

Chapter 3: PK–12 School Physical Education: Conditions, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Phillip Ward ◽  
Hans van der Mars ◽  
Murray F. Mitchell ◽  
Hal A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Salutogenic Model

Manifest challenges to physical education teachers merit identification, analysis, and strategic action. New designs for schools, threats to the well-being of a growing number of children and families, and financial problems confronting school systems are among the external challenges. Meanwhile, too many physical education teachers confront marginalization, isolation, and morale issues. Contributing causes include suboptimal policy; disagreements regarding subject matter, curriculum models, and purposes; working conditions that prevent teachers from implementing evidence-based practices; and two disconnects: (a) between physical education and health and (b) between school programs and community-based programs. Reflecting and fueling these challenges, the field lacks a common purpose and shared direction. This chapter addresses future alternatives for PK–12 physical education. Key recommendations include (a) integrating physical education and health, treating them both instructionally and as integrated content in the curriculum; (b) changing our focus on our instruction from a deficiency-based model to a salutogenic model of health, including stronger connections with the community in which schools exist; and (c) connecting to the community to leverage resources to support students, teachers, and schools. These alternatives derive from a grand claim: we cannot continue to do “business as usual,” producing the same results, because past–present results consistently have been suboptimal.

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