Mental health outcomes among individuals with 46,XY disorders of sex development: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532090986
Author(s):  
Lisa M Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Gender

This review summarizes research on the mental health outcomes of genetic males with a disorder of sex development (46,XY DSD). Databases were systematically searched, yielding 19 studies included in this review. Results varied widely, with mental health outcomes ranging from very poor to similar to comparison groups. A small number of studies demonstrated that patients with hypospadias or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome reported better mental health than patients with other 46,XY (DSD) diagnoses. Future studies should include larger samples of patients within a similar developmental stage, display results separately by DSD diagnosis and gender identity, and consider the potential impact of medical/surgical events on their mental health.

Evidence of sexual orientation and gender differences in mental health outcomes for violent crime victims

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Cramer ◽  
Martha Shumway ◽  
Amanda M. Amacker ◽  
Dale E. McNiel ◽  
Sarah Holley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
And Gender

Predictors of Interest in Participation in an Animal-Assisted Activity Program among Elderly Citizens

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriel J. Strickland ◽  
Stacie Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
And Gender

Animal-Assisted Activity Programs have been shown to improve physiological and mental health outcomes among program participants. The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of gender, depression, and companion animal attitudes as predictors of interest in participation in an animal-assisted activity program. The participants were 62 residents (average age 82 years) at assisted-living centers who responded to survey measures including the Pet Attitude Scale (pas), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (ces-d), and a newly developed scale to measure interest in an animal assisted activity program. Pet attitudes and gender significantly predicted willingness to participate in the program. These results provide a contribution to the literature, which has not yet documented predictors of interest in participation in such a program among elderly citizens.

scholarly journals Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9235
Author(s):  
Rachel Hennein ◽  
Jessica Bonumwezi ◽  
Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako ◽  
Petty Tineo ◽  
Sarah Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
And Gender

Racial and gender discrimination are risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the effects of discrimination on the mental health of healthcare workers needs to be further explored, especially in relation to competing stressors. Thus, we administered a survey to healthcare workers to investigate the associations between perceived racial and gender discrimination and symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and burnout during a period of substantial stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a national racial reckoning. We used multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for demographics and pandemic-related stressors. Of the 997 participants (Mean Age = 38.22 years, SD = 11.77), 688 (69.01%) were White, 148 (14.84%) Asian, 86 (8.63%) Black, 73 (7.32%) Latinx, and 21 (2.11%) identified as another race. In multivariable models, racial discrimination predicted symptoms of depression (B = 0.04; SE: 0.02; p = .009), anxiety (B = 0.05; SE: 0.02; p = .004), and posttraumatic stress (B = 0.01; SE: 0.01; p = .006) and gender discrimination predicted posttraumatic stress (B = 0.11; SE: 0.05; p = .013) and burnout (B = 0.24; SE: 0.07; p = .001). Discrimination had indirect effects on mental health outcomes via inadequate social support. Hospital-wide diversity and inclusion initiatives are warranted to mitigate the adverse mental health effects of discrimination.

Sexuality and Mental Health in Emerging Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 452-470
Author(s):  
Anne J Maheux ◽  
Sophia Choukas-Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Hookup Culture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Sexual experience is considered an important developmental milestone for emerging adults. Whereas some sexual experiences incur benefits, others are associated with negative mental health outcomes. This chapter first describes the cultural context in which emerging adults experience their sexuality, including sexualized media, sexual scripts, hookup culture, and technology, and the impact of these contextual forces on emerging adults’ psychological well-being. The mental health effects of sexual behaviors are also discussed as they relate to various relational contexts, including committed romantic relationships, casual “hookups,” and ongoing casual relationships (e.g., “friends with benefits”), with an emphasis on the disproportionate negative outcomes for women and the limited empirical research on the impact of these experiences on racial and sexual minority individuals. The chapter further discusses the mental health outcomes affecting emerging adults with sexual and gender minority identities. The chapter concludes with important directions for future work, including longitudinal studies and greater attention to intersectionality.

Associations between negative life experiences and the mental health of trans and gender diverse young people in Australia: findings from Trans Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Strauss ◽  
Angus Cook ◽  
Sam Winter ◽  
Vanessa Watson ◽  
Dani Wright Toussaint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Negative Life Experiences

AbstractBackgroundTrans and gender diverse (TGD) young people worldwide experience high rates of poor mental health; however, these rates were unknown in Australia. In addition, how negative life events affect the mental health of TGD young people has been largely unexplored.MethodsThis paper reports on novel mental health findings of Trans Pathways, the largest study ever conducted in Australia with trans (transgender) and gender diverse young people (N = 859; aged 14–25 years). The study was an anonymous online cross-sectional survey undertaken in 2016. Logistic and linear regression models were used to test associations between mental health outcomes and negative life experiences.ResultsTGD young people in Australia experience high levels of mental distress, including self-harming (79.7%), suicidal thoughts (82.4%), and attempting suicide (48.1%). Three in four participants had been diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety (74.6% and 72.2%, respectively). Many TGD young people had been exposed to negative experiences such as peer rejection (89.0%), precarious accommodation (22.0%), bullying (74.0%), and discrimination (68.9%). Most poor mental health outcomes were associated with negative experiences. The strongest associations were found for precarious accommodation and issues within educational settings. For example, participants with a prior suicide attempt were almost six times more likely to have experienced issues with accommodation, including homelessness.ConclusionsThe current results highlight the urgent need for better mental health care and provide insight into areas for targeted mental health interventions. These findings are pertinent for clinicians working with trans young people and wider society.

scholarly journals OR27-02 An Exploration of Novel Clinical Benchmarks for Assessing the Practice of Gonadectomy in Conditions Affecting Sex Development - on Behalf of the I-DSD Consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K Lucas-Herald ◽  
Jillian Bryce ◽  
Martine Cools ◽  
S Faisal Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Sex Assignment ◽  
Specialist Centre ◽  
Development Methods

Abstract Introduction: Although the practice of gonadectomy in the field of differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) has undergone intense scrutiny, objective knowledge regarding current practice of gonadectomy is lacking in conditions affecting sex development. Methods: The International DSD Registry (www.I-DSD.org) was examined for clinical information reported by the DSD specialist centre on age at presentation, year of birth, diagnosis, karyotype, sex of rearing and age at gonadectomy in all cases over the age of 16 years at the time of search and who had a disorder of androgen action or synthesis, gonadal dysgenesis or a non-specific DSD.Results: Of the 3,618 cases available in the registry, 757 (21%) met the inclusion criteria and data regarding gonadectomy status were available in 668 (88%) from 44 participating centres. Of these, 248 (37%) with a median age of 24 years (range 17, 75) were registered as male and 420 (63%) with a median age of 26 years (16, 86) were registered as female. Gonadectomy was reported from 36 centres in 351 of these 668 cases (53%) of whom 302 (86%) had a 46 XY karyotype. Females were more likely to undergo gonadectomy (n=311, p<0.0001) and the most common diagnoses were complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (n=161, 24%) and partial gonadal dysgenesis (n=94, 14%). Of the 351 cases, the primary indication for gonadectomy was reported in 268 (76%) cases and included mitigation of tumourigenesis risk in 172 (64%), conformity to sex assignment in 74 (28%) and another indication in 22 (8%). Gonadectomy was bilateral in 295 (84%), unilateral in 16 (5%) and unknown in 40 (11%). The median ratio for age at first presentation to age at gonadectomy in those who presented before the age of 5 years and those who presented after the age of 10 years was 0.1 (range) and 0.9 (range), respectively (p<0.0001). Of the 351 cases, 17 (5%) had undergone a gonadectomy before their first presentation to the specialist centre and these cases were distributed across 9 of the 36 centres. Conclusions: Not only does the rate of gonadectomy vary according to underlying diagnosis and sex of rearing, it also seems that there is a variable discrepancy between the age at presentation and age at gonadectomy. The use of this objective marker to identify trends in practice may improve our understanding of the causes of variation.

scholarly journals Assessing perceptions of parents' communication accommodation in relation to sexual and gender minority adult chidren's child-parent communication apprehension and mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Maria Butauski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Communication Accommodation ◽  
Parent Communication ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, or people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, genderqueer, nonbinary, or any other self-identified sexual orientation or gender identity, deal with chronic minority stress, which is associated with negative mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation (Medley et al., 2016; Meyer, 2003). Part of the chronic minority stressed faced by this population stems from a lack of support in their parent-child relationships (Heatherington and Lavner, 2008; Savin-Williams, 2001, 2005). The present dissertation brought attention to the inherently intergroup nature of SGM offspring's parent-child relationships by examining how SGM adult children's parent-child communication relates to their mental health, assessed by their rates of depression and anxiety, respectively. Guided by intergroup theorizing and communication accommodation theory, the present study investigated how SGM adult children's perceptions of their parents' accommodative communication behaviors "respect for divergent values and SGM identity support" related to SGM adult children's experiences of child-parent communication apprehension (CPCA), and in turn, their mental health. Parents' accommodative communication promoted more supportive, open communication environments characterized by lower levels of CPCA, which in turn promoted more positive mental health outcomes. Results demonstrated that higher levels of CPCA were associated with higher rates of epression among SGM adult children. Results highlighted the importance of respect for divergent values and identity support in creating healthy communication environments in close intergroup family relationships and fostering individual mental health outcomes. Findings shed light on how SGM adult children's parent-child communication relates to their mental health and contribute to a growing body of research examining close intergroup family relationships.

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