scholarly journals Early life influences on child weight outcomes in the Study to Explore Early Development

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-962
Author(s):  
Tanja VE Kral ◽  
Jesse Chittams ◽  
Chyrise B Bradley ◽  
Julie L Daniels ◽  
Carolyn G DiGuiseppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight

We examined associations between child body mass index at 2–5 years and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and rapid weight gain during infancy in children with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delays, or population controls. The Study to Explore Early Development is a multi-site case–control study of children, aged 2–5 years, classified as autism spectrum disorder ( n = 668), developmental delays ( n = 914), or population controls ( n = 884). Maternal gestational weight gain was compared to the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Rapid weight gain was a change in weight-for-age z-scores from birth to 6 months > 0.67 standard deviations. After adjusting for case status, mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity were 2.38 times (95% confidence interval: 1.96–2.90) more likely, and mothers who exceeded gestational weight gain recommendations were 1.48 times (95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.87) more likely, to have an overweight/obese child than other mothers ( P < 0.001). Children with autism spectrum disorder showed the highest frequency of rapid weight gain (44%) and were 3.47 times (95% confidence interval: 1.85–6.51) more likely to be overweight/obese as children with autism spectrum disorder without rapid weight gain ( P < 0.001). Helping mothers achieve a healthy pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain represent important targets for all children. Healthy infant growth patterns carry special importance for children at increased risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.

scholarly journals Maternal excessive gestational weight gain as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorayya Kheirouri ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Abnormal gestational weight gain (GWG) is a prenatal complication that may contribute to long-term behavioral and neurodevelopmental differences in offspring. This systematic review summarizes research on the association between maternal GWG and risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Methods Google and electronic databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, were searched for original human studies published in English through June 2020. Articles that examined the association between GWG and risk of ASD in offspring were included. Duplicate and irrelevant studies were removed; and data were obtained through critical analysis. Results Of 96 articles searched, eight studies were included in the final review. All studies (n = 7) investigating the association of maternal excessive GWG with risk of ASD in offspring indicated that high GWG was independently associated with an increased risk of ASD. Of five studies investigating the association of inadequate GWG with the risk of ASD, four indicated that low GWG was not associated with an increased risk of ASD. Of seven studies examining the association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI or weight with the risk of ASD, five reported that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI or weight did not appear to be independently associated with risk of ASD. The GWG-ASD association is independent of maternal BMI and child’s intellectual disability, but offspring’s genetic susceptibility connection to the GWG-ASD association remains a topic of debate. Conclusions The findings suggest that maternal excessive GWG may be associated with increased risk of ASD in offspring. However, insufficient GWG does not appear to have such association.

scholarly journals Association Between Gestational Weight Gain and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A Meta‐Analysis

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224-2231
Author(s):  
Le Su ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Liping Lu ◽  
Anny H. Xiang ◽  
Linda Dodds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gestational Weight

Comparing sleep patterns between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development: A matched case–control study

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2298-2303
Author(s):  
Andy CY Tse ◽  
CCW Yu ◽  
Paul H Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Matched Case

Children with autism spectrum disorder are often reported to have more sleep deficits and poorer sleep quality compared with children with typical development. However, most previous studies have serious methodological limitations, such as varying sample sizes in the comparison groups, wide age range of participants, and body mass index not matched between participants. This study investigated whether sleep patterns differed between children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development using a carefully matched case–control design and incorporating both actigraphy and sleep log assessments. A total of 78 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were matched with 78 typical development controls in this study. The matched variables included age, gender, and body mass index. The results showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had shorter sleep duration, reduced sleep efficiency, longer sleep-onset latency, and longer wake after sleep onset than children with typical development ( ps < 0.05). Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these sleep deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract This study compared the sleep pattern between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development using a matched case–control design (matched age, gender, and body mass index). Significant differences were found in night-time sleep duration (total amount of sleep at night), sleep efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep), sleep-onset latency (length of time that it takes to transit from awake to asleep), and wake after sleep onset (total amount of time spent awake after defined sleep onset). Findings showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had poorer sleep quality than children with typical development. Mechanisms underlying the differences should be further explored in order to develop an effective treatment intervention.

Oxytocin levels tend to be lower in autistic children: A meta-analysis of 31 studies

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110343
Author(s):  
Simon John ◽  
Adrian V Jaeggi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Significant Difference

The oxytocin system may be different in autistic people, which could explain some of the deficits in social behavior and cognition associated with autism spectrum disorder. However, studies comparing oxytocin levels in autistic and neurotypical individuals have shown conflicting results and a 2016 meta-analysis on seven studies concluded that there was no significant difference. Here, we greatly expanded the sample of studies to 31, warranting a reassessment of this finding. We searched Web of Science with MEDLINE®, SciELO Citation Index, and BIOSIS Citation Index for articles that measured oxytocin in plasma/serum ( k = 26 studies), saliva (4), or cerebrospinal fluid (1) in autistic individuals (total n = 1233 participants) compared to neurotypical individuals ( n = 1304). We found that oxytocin levels were significantly lower in autistic people (Cohen’s d = −0.36, 95% confidence interval = [−0.61, −0.10], p = 0.007), with no evidence for publication bias. This overall effect was driven entirely by differences among children ( k = 25, d = −0.44, 95% confidence interval = [−0.72, −0.16], p = 0.002) but not adults ( k = 6, d = 0.03, 95% confidence interval = [−0.55, 0.61], p = 0.92). These results support further research into the use of oxytocin to treat social deficits in children. Lay abstract Oxytocin is a hormone that mediates interpersonal relationships through enhancing social recognition, social memory, and reducing stress. It is released centrally into the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as peripherally into the blood, where it can easily be measured. Some studies indicate that the oxytocin system with its social implications might be different in people with autism spectrum disorder. With summarizing evidence of 31 studies, this meta-analysis suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder have lower blood oxytocin levels compared to neurotypical individuals. This might not be the case for adults with autism spectrum disorder, where we could not find a difference. Our findings motivate further exploration of the oxytocin system in children with autism spectrum disorder. This could lead to therapeutic options in treating autism spectrum disorder in childhood.

scholarly journals Weight Gain and Metabolic Consequences of Risperidone in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Scahill ◽  
Sangchoon Jeon ◽  
Susan J. Boorin ◽  
Christopher J. McDougle ◽  
Michael G. Aman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children With Autism
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document