A strength and deformation model for prestressed lightweight concrete slabs under two-way shear

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110204
Author(s):  
A Deifalla
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
Strength And Deformation

Prestressed concrete slabs (PCS) are one of the top choices in many applications, which is due to their significantly improved performance compared to conventional normal-weight concrete slabs (NCS). However, very limited models exist for the two-way shear behavior of PCS, in particular, lightweight ones (PLCS). In this study, a two-way shear mechanical behavior model is developed for PCS, that accounts for all effective parameters and capable of predicting both strength and deformation. An experimental database of PCS was compiled from the literature with emphasis on lightweight concrete. A mechanical model developed by the author for lightweight concrete slabs (LCS) was adapted and modified in order to include the effect of prestressing in terms of the following components: (1) the membrane compression stress; (2) the prestressing eccentricity; and (3) the prestressing vertical component. The extended model was used to predict the behavior of PLCS and prestressed normal-weight concrete slabs (PNCS), which was compared to that using selected design codes and models. The model predicted the rotation accurately and consistently compared to the experimentally measured rotation. The strength predicted using the proposed model was better than existing ones concerning experimentally measured strength, yet it was found to be reasonably safe. However, conclusions are limited to the experimental database.

scholarly journals Efficiency factor and modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete with expanded clay aggregate

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G Moravia ◽  
A. G. Gumieri ◽  
W. L. Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete

Nowadays lightweight concrete is used on a large scale for structural purposes and to reduce the self-weight of structures. Specific grav- ity, compressive strength, strength/weight ratio and modulus of elasticity are important factors in the mechanical behavior of structures. This work studies these properties in lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) and normal-weight concrete (NWC), comparing them. Spe- cific gravity was evaluated in the fresh and hardened states. Four mixture proportions were adopted to evaluate compressive strength. For each proposed mixture proportion of the two concretes, cylindrical specimens were molded and tested at ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. The modulus of elasticity of the NWC and LWAC was analyzed by static, dynamic and empirical methods. The results show a larger strength/ weight ratio for LWAC, although this concrete presented lower compressive strength.

scholarly journals The influence of OPC and PPC on compressive strength of ALWA concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Fedya Diajeng Aryani ◽  
Tavio ◽  
I Gusti Putu Raka ◽  
Puryanto
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
To Come ◽  
Seismic Forces

Lightweight concrete is one of the options used in construction in lieu of the traditional normal-weight concrete. Due to its lightweight, it provides lighter structural members and thus, it reduces the total weight of the structures. The reduction in weight resulting in the reduction of the seismic forces since its density is less than 1840 kg/m3. Among all of the concrete constituents, coarse aggregate takes the highest portion of the concrete composition. To produce the lightweight characteristics, it requires innovation on the coarse aggregate to come up with low density of concrete. One possible way is to introduce the use of the artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA). This study proposes the use of polystyrene as the main ingredient to form the ALWA. The ALWA concrete in the study also used two types of Portland cements, i.e. OPC and PPC. The ALWA introduced in the concrete comprises various percentages, namely 0%, 15%, 50%, and 100% replacement to the coarse aggregate by volume. From the results of the study, it can be found that the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of concrete decreased with the increase of the percentage of the ALWA used to replace the natural coarse aggregate.

Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete slab–column connections

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab F El-Salakawy ◽  
Maria Anna Polak ◽  
Khaled A Soudki
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Punching Shear ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Shear Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

The paper presents work on punching shear rehabilitation and strengthening of existing slab–column connections. Four full-scale specimens representing slab–column edge connections were built and tested to failure. Three slabs were then repaired and strengthened and tested again. In the originally tested slabs, which were chosen for repair, one slab had an opening in front of the column and contained shear reinforcement, one slab had an opening and no shear reinforcement, and one had no opening and no reinforcement. The dimensions of the slabs were 1540 × 1020 × 120 mm with square columns (250 × 250 mm). The openings in the specimens were square (150 × 150 mm) with the sides parallel to the sides of the column. The slabs were made using normal weight concrete (28-day average compressive strength of 32 MPa) and reinforced with a reinforcement ratio of 0.75%. The slabs were repaired by replacing old-damaged concrete with new concrete of the same properties. Strengthening was carried out using shear studs for the two slabs, which originally did not have shear reinforcement. The rehabilitation increased the punching shear strength (by 26–41%) and the ductility of the connections. All repaired specimens failed in flexure.Key words: concrete slabs, punching shear, rehabilitation, edge connections, openings, studs, repair.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Hybrid RC-I Beams with Openings Using CFRP Sheets

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Ali I. Salahaldin ◽  
Muyasser M. Jomaa’h ◽  
Nazar A. Oukaili ◽  
Diyaree J. Ghaidan
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Bottom Flange ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Hybrid Beams ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Capacity

This research presents an experimental investigation of the rehabilitation efficiency of the damaged hybrid reinforced concrete beams with openings in the shear region. The study investigates the difference in retrofitting ability of hybrid beams compared to traditional beams and the effect of two openings compared with one opening equalized to two holes in the area. Five RC beams classified into two groups, A and B, were primarily tested to full-failure under two-point loads. The first group (A) contained beams with normal weight concrete. The second group (hybrid) included beams with lightweight concrete for web and bottom flange, whereas the top flange was made from normal concrete. Two types of openings were considered in this study, rectangular, with dimensions of 100×200 mm, and two square openings with a side dimension of 100 mm. A full wrapping configuration system for the shear region (failure zone) was adopted in this research. Based on the test results, the repaired beams managed to recover their load carrying capacity, stiffness, and structural performance in different degrees. The normal concrete beam regains its total capacity for all types of openings, while the hybrid beams gain 84% of their strength. The strength of hybrid concrete members compared with normal concrete is 81 and 88% for beams of one opening and two openings, respectively. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-012 Full Text: PDF

EFFECT OF LONG‐TERM LOADING AND FIRE TEMPERATURES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronius Jonaitis ◽  
Vytautas Papinigis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Service Conditions

During a fire, reinforced concrete structures are exposed to high temperatures and subjected to long‐term action of variable and permanent loads. This paper deals with analysis of influence of fire temperatures and long‐term action of loads on compression strength and deformability of normal weight concrete. Results of experimental investigations of compression strength and deformability of normal‐weight concrete subjected to long‐term load and exposed to high temperature are presented. Specimens in the shape of prisms of normal‐weight concrete were subjected to long‐term compression of intensity η(t) = σc/fc (τ) = 0,3. The long‐term compression was sustained for 400 days. Some of the specimens were heated (at 250 °C and 450 °C) before application of long‐term load; other specimens were heated after application of long‐term load. The paper presents coefficient of service conditions for concrete subjected to long‐term load and exposed to high temperature that gives opportunity to evaluate compression strength and deformation properties of concrete.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE WITH EXPANDED GLASS AGGREGATE BY ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Collins ◽  
Saman Hedjazi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete

In the present study, a non-destructive testing method was utilized to assess the mechanical properties of lightweight and normal-weight concrete specimens. The experiment program consisted of more than a hundred concrete specimens with the unit weight ranging from around 850 to 2250 kg/m3. Compressive strength tests were performed at the age of seven and twenty eight days. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) was the NDT that was implemented in this study to investigate the significance of the correlation between UPV and compressive strength of lightweight concrete specimens. Water to cement ratio (w/c), mix designs, aggregate volume, and the amount of normal weight coarse and fine aggregates replaced with lightweight aggregate, are the variables in this work. The lightweight aggregate used in this study, Poraver®, is a product of recycled glass materials. Furthermore, the validity of the current prediction methods in the literature was investigated including comparison between this study and an available expression in the literature on similar materials, for calculation of mechanical properties of lightweight concrete based on pulse velocity. It was observed that the recently developed empirical equation would better predict the compressive strength of lightweight concrete specimens in terms of the pulse velocity.

Time-Dependent Properties of Lightweight Concrete Using Sedimentary Lightweight Aggregate

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 2235-2240
Author(s):  
How Ji Chen ◽  
Wen Po Tsai ◽  
Ming Der Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete ◽  
Shrinkage And Creep ◽  
Shihmen Reservoir

A kind of lightweight aggregate (LWA) has been successfully developed in Taiwan, which was made by expanding under heat fine sediments dredged from the Shihmen Reservoir. In this study the performances of concrete made from the aforementioned LWA were tested and compared with those of the companion normal weight concrete (NC). The test results show that the so produced lightweight concrete (LWAC) exhibited a comparable time-dependent properties (i.e., compressive strength, elastic modulus, drying shrinkage, and creep) as compared with those of the companion NC. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of prewetted LWAs and the incorporation of pozzolan materials can effectively control the drying shrinkage of LWAC. The specific creep of the LC mixture was obviously higher than that of the NC mixture at the same curing time.

Evaluation of Silica Fume Effect on Compressive Strength of Structural Lightweight Concrete Containing LECA as Lightweight Aggregate

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mortazavi ◽  
Mojtaba Majlessi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Strength Gain ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Normal Weight Concrete

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of silica fume on compressive strength of structural lightweight concrete, containing saturated LECA (Light Expanded Clay Aggregate) as lightweight aggregate (LWA). In experimental phase of study 120 cubic specimens (10*10*10) were made and cured. For every mix design, different cement percentages were replaced with silica fume, containing same amount of saturated LECA. The mixes incorporate 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% silica fume. Constant level of Water/Cement ratio (0.37) was considered. For each mix design 20 specimens were prepared and cured for 7, 14, 28, 42 days in standard 20 C water. Also 20 specimens with the same mix design of 0% silica fume as normal weight concrete were prepared and cured to compare the results. For these specimens LECA were replaced with same volume and size of sand. The testing results showed; increasing silica fume causes considerable increase in compressive strength. The rate of strength gain slows down at high percentage of silica fume. Also silica fume leads concrete to get higher initial compressive strength at certain time compared with normal weight concrete.

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