Microbiological Evaluation of Indoor Air of Kindergartens in Fatih District of Istanbul

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan Önoğlu ◽  
Ayşe Emel Önal ◽  
Günay Güngör ◽  
Özkan Ayvaz ◽  
Sevda Özel
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Total Bacteria

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the total mould and bacteria levels in the kindergartens in Istanbul City, Fatih District. Materials: This is a cross sectional study and was performed in 15 preschool institutions in Fatih district in May 2007. Methods: Merck Air Sampler Mas 100 was used for measurements. Results: The total amounts of bacteria grown in the stations measured (classroom, lunch room, kitchen and toilets) were as follows: 946.43 ± 1033.79 CFU·m−3 in the morning and 849.29 ± 594 CFU·m−3 in the afternoon. Total mould numbers were 489.64 ± 441.25 CFU·m−3 in the morning and 993.39 ± 1013.52 CFU·m−3 in the afternoon. Cladosporium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were found to be the most commonly reproduced mould species. The total mould levels were found to be higher in stations with aluminium window framing and floor carpeting. Furthermore, when compared in terms of total mould levels, there was no difference between concrete and brick buildings; and also, total bacteria count was higher in brick buildings during the morning measurements. Conclusion: For providing a better indoor air quality in kindergartens, natural ventilation, polyvinyl chloride windows, concrete building, minimum furniture and textile materials (sofas, cushions, curtains and kids’ clothing) are preferable.

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution concentrations and cardiometabolic health across four diverse settings in Peru: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiah L. Kephart ◽  
Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio ◽  
Kirsten Koehler ◽  
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz ◽  
J. Jaime Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

Dampness problems in Tianjin dwellings: A cross-sectional study of associations with building characteristics and lifestyles

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrui Kong ◽  
Yuexia Sun ◽  
Louise B. Weschler ◽  
Jan Sundell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
System A ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study investigated the association of building characteristics and occupant behaviours with building dampness indicators. Data were from a cross-sectional study in urban Tianjin and rural Cangzhou, China, from 2013 to 2014. We studied two fundamental types of Chinese dwellings: bungalows typical of rural locales and apartments in low- and high-rise buildings typical of urban settings. Occupants of bungalows reported more dampness indicators than apartment dwellers. Risk factors for one or more dampness indicators included natural ventilation without fans, older dwellings and coal stove or Kang heating system (a brick bed installed in the bedroom for heating and sleeping). All these factors were typical of bungalows, which generally used older building technologies including non-insulated external walls, wooden frame windows, electric fans for cooling and no exhaust fan ventilation. Occupant behaviours that decreased the risk for dampness indicators included frequent window opening and daily cleaning, regardless of the type of dwelling. Indoor dampness was highly correlated with mouldy and humid odour, and paradoxically (although not a new finding) with the perception of air dryness.

scholarly journals Air born bacteria evaluation in the kitchen air of restaurants in Babol City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Asgharzadeh ◽  
Majid kermani ◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Sayede Sammane Taheri Otaghsara4 ◽  
Zahra Geraili
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Personal Sampling ◽  
Guide Values

Background and purpose: Bioaerosols enter into human body through various ways (inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption). The aim of this study was to investigate the type and density of the predominant bacteria in two seasons - cold and warm - in the kitchen air of restaurants. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the air of restaurants' kitchen in Babol. Sampling was performed by using a personal sampling pump with impinger tank using a flow rate of 4 l/min during 50 minutes. Counting the colonies in the air was determined in terms of CFU/m3 and the type of grown bacteria was identified using different tests, such as Gram staining and biochemical methods. Temperature and humidity were recorded at the time of sampling, too. Totally, 120 samples of bacteria were taken from the indoor air of kitchens with and without air conditioning. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest densities of bacteria in cold season were 15 CFU/m3 and 63.7 CFU/m3, and in warm season, they were 19.6 CFU/m3 and 80 CFU/m3, respectively. The predominant bacteria were Gram-positive bacteria in the air of kitchen but Bacillus and Micrococcus were the most frequent. Conclusion: The results showed that due to humidity and the temperature (warmer), bacterial density was higher in summer than winter. The concentration of bacteria in the kitchen and restaurant was also less than WHO recommendation and guide values ACGIH (up to 500 CFU/m3), respectively. So, air quality was found to be good and acceptable in terms of the restaurant kitchen.

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