A heuristic model for cephalometric diagnosis of sagittal dysplasia

Objective: To identify the best-suited cephalometric parameter for assessing the sagittal skeletal discrepancy in the Indian population. Design: An in vitro, observational, single-blinded, retrospective study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. Methods: A total of 94 lateral cephalograms were used in this study. The study involved one key person and two examiners. The key person collected the radiographs, coded, analysed and classified them into three groups (skeletal classes I, II and III). Subsequently, the coded radiographs were independently analysed by the two examiners. They classified the cases by matching a minimum of 6 out of 11 parameters. On completion of diagnosis by the examiners, the samples were decoded and matched with the original diagnosis given by the key person. The samples in which identification of a particular cephalometric parameter matched the original evaluation as given by the key person was regarded as correctly diagnosed. The number of correctly assessed cases was used to judge the diagnostic performance of all the parameters in all the cases. Cross-validation of the method was performed, and a diagnostic algorithm was developed for diagnosis. Results: β angle and Pi angle showed a positive predictive value of 1 in both skeletal class I and II cases. ANB angle, W angle and HBN angle showed a positive predictive value of 1 in skeletal class III cases. Conclusion: No single cephalometric parameter can independently be used to diagnose sagittal skeletal discrepancy in all cases. However, a conclusive diagnosis on the type of sagittal skeletal malocclusion can be made by using a simple and easy to use diagnostic algorithmic process having a combination of cephalometric parameters.

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Pattern of Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in South-Eastern Region of Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18893 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anand Acharya ◽

Bhushan Bhattarai ◽

Diana George ◽

Tarakant Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

South Eastern ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Occlusal traits in orthodontic patients have been studied in different parts of Nepal. However, very few data are available on malocclusion in south-eastern region of Nepal.Objective: To assess the pattern of malocclusion occurring in orthodontic patients in south-eastern region of Nepal, and to estimate the age of presentation of Class II malocclusion among the patients.Materials & Method: Data were collected from 150 pre-treatment study models and lateral cephalograms from two orthodontic specialty clinics in Biratnagar. Angle’s classification system was used to determine dental malocclusion and ANB angle was used to determine skeletal malocclusion. Chi square test was used to test the association between dental and skeleton malocclusions.Result: Angle’s Class I malocclusion was found in 95(63.33%), Class II Div 1 in 41(27.33%), Class II Div 2 in 13(8.66%) and Class III in 1(0.66%). Among all subjects; 119 (79.33%) had skeletal Class I, 24(16%) had skeletal Class II and 7(4.66%) had skeletal Class III. There was significant association between dental and skeletal malocclusions. The average age for reporting Class II Div 1 malocclusion was 16.5 years and Class II Div 2 malocclusion was 19 years.Conclusion: Angle’s Class I is the most common malocclusion followed by Class II and Class III among orthodontic patients in south-eastern Nepal. The subjects lack awareness on age factor for orthodontic treatment.

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Quantitative Analysis of Body Posture and Its Correlation With Cervical Posture in Various Malocclusions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-149271/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shruthi Pradeep ◽

Priyanka Venkatasubramanian ◽

Ratna Parameswaran ◽

Devaki Vijayalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Body Posture ◽

Force Platform ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Cervical Posture

Abstract BACKGROUND: Considering that malocclusions can cause cervico-mandibular and cervico-cranial disorders, the aim of this study is to investigate whether there are significant differences in posture in subjects with skeletal class I, class II and skeletal class III malocclusion METHODS: A clinical study conducted on 90 subjects with Angle`s class I, II, III skeletal malocclusion. Standardized Casts of the subjects were used to analyze the tooth characteristics. Lateral cephalograms were used to assess cervical posture through cervical skull Rocabado analysis. A customized force platform with pressure sensors were used for posture analysis. RESULTS: There is a difference in body posture in subjects with skeletal class I, class II and class III malocclusion and a positive correlation between body posture and cervical posture is found in subjects with these classes of skeletal malocclusion. Subjects with class I malocclusion were found to have a normal cervical and body posture. Strain values from the force platform showed equal distribution of strain on both the feet. Subjects with class II malocclusion were found to have a forward cervical posture with the forward lean of body posture. Subjects with class III skeletal malocclusion were found to have a backward cervical posture with the posterior lean of body posture. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that different classes of malocclusion present with an alteration in cervical and body posture. Correction of the malocclusion or an intervention plan for the prevailing malocclusion should be done as early as possible which can be used to correct the posture thereby restoring the equilibrium of the body.

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Evaluation and Correlation of Beta Angle with Wits Appraisal and ANB Angle in Various Skeletal Malocclusion Groups—A Cephalometric Study

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731923 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mandeep K. Bhullar ◽

Arun K. Thakur ◽

Sanjay Mittal ◽

Isha Aggarwal ◽

Tanzin Palkit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Class I ◽

Dental Occlusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Beta Angle

Abstract Introduction Sagittal skeletal discrepancies are frequently assessed by Wits appraisal and point A–Nasion–point B (ANB) angle. These angular and linear measurements depend upon various factors and sometime produced inaccurate results. Beta angle has been introduced recently and possesses significant advantage over ANB and Wits appraisal, because it is independent of cranial landmarks and dental occlusion. Aim To evaluate and correlate beta angle in various skeletal malocclusions and its correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle. Material and Methods The present study was carried out in Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 63 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (23 skeletal class I, 20 skeletal class II, and 20 skeletal class III) of patients aged between 14 to 25 years were included. Various landmarks and planes were identified and marked. Values of Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and beta angle were recorded. Comparisons of group were made with the chi-square test. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to see relation between different values. Results Values of correlation coefficient of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle were –0.645 and –0.815, respectively. Conclusion Overall beta angle showed strong correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle, however correlation of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle among various skeletal malocclusion groups (skeletal class I, II, and III) was not statistically significant.

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Current Trends in Orthognathic Surgery in Poland—A Retrospective Analysis of 124 Cases

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6439

Author(s):

Ewa Zawiślak ◽

Szymon Przywitowski ◽

Anna Olejnik ◽

Hanna Gerber ◽

Paweł Golusiński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Corrective Osteotomy ◽

University Hospital ◽

Class Iii ◽

Facial Skeleton ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Current Trends ◽

Maxillary Osteotomy ◽

Skeletal Class Ii

The analysis aims at assessing the current trends in orthognathic surgery. The retrospective study covered a group of 124 patients with skeletal malocclusion treated by one team of maxillofacial surgeons at the University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Poland. Various variables were analysed, including demographic characteristics of the group, type of deformity, type of osteotomy used, order in which osteotomy was performed and duration of types of surgery. The mean age of the patients was 28 (ranging from 17 to 48, SD = 7). The group included a slightly bigger number of females (59.7%), with the dominant skeletal Class III (64.5%), and asymmetries were found in 21.8% of cases. Types of osteotomy performed during surgeries were divided as follows: LeFort I, segmental LeFort I, BSSO, BSSO with genioplasty, LeFort I with BSSO, LeFort I with BSSO and genioplasty, segmental LeFort I with BSSO, isolated genioplasty. Bimaxillary surgeries with and without genioplasty constituted the largest group of orthognathic surgeries (49.1%), and a slightly smaller percentage were one jaw surgeries (46.7%). A statistically significant correlation was found between the type of surgery and the skeletal class. In patients with skeletal Class III, bimaxillary surgeries were performed significantly more often than in patients with skeletal Class II (57.5% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.0002). The most common type of osteotomy in all surgeries was bilateral osteotomy of the mandible modo Obwegeser–Epker in combination with Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy (42.7%). The order of osteotomies in bimaxillary surgeries was mandible first in 61.3% of cases. The longest surgery was bimaxillary osteotomy with genioplasty (mean = 265 min), and the shortest surgery was isolated genioplasty (mean = 96 min). The results of the analysis show a significant differentiation between the needs of orthognathic surgery and the types of corrective osteotomy applied to the facial skeleton.

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Stability of bimaxillary surgery on Class III malocclusion treatment

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512012000600013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando Antonio Gonçalves ◽

Vânia Célia Vieira de Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Muscle Adaptation ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Mandibular Setback ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Maxillary Surgery ◽

Bimaxillary Surgery ◽

Student’S T ◽

The Stability

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of bimaxillary surgery in patients with skeletal malocclusion, with the use of rigid internal fixation. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms from 20 patients, 11 males and 9 females, mean age of 26 years and 1 month, were evaluated before surgery, immediately post-operative and at least 6 months after surgery. Nineteen cephalometric measurements were evaluated, and the results were statistically analyzed by means of the Student's t test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The Le Fort I maxillary advancement surgery showed almost no relapse. There was lack of stability of mandibular setback, with relapse of 37.33% on point B, due to counterclockwise rotation of the mandible between post-operative periods, occurred by better intercuspation after surgery and muscle adaptation. The results showed the same tendencies for both genders. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that on the bimaxillary surgery treatment of Class III malocclusion, the maxillary surgery was very stable, but the mandibular setback recurred. No statistical differences were found in surgical stability between genders.

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Orthodontic Treatment by Compensation of a Skeletal Class III Associated with Mandibular Laterognathy: Aesthetic Challenge and Therapeutic Occlusion

Integrative Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.15342/ijms.2021.373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Laila Elhajoubi ◽

Intissar Elidrissi ◽

Asmae Bahoum ◽

Fatima Zaoui ◽

Mohammed Faouzi Azaroual

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Therapeutic Occlusion

Introduction: This case report describes compensatory orthodontic treatment in a young patient aged 13 years. She presented with a class III skeletal malocclusion associated with mandibular laterognathy. The patient's main reason for consultation was the anterior cross bite and the aesthetics of her smile.Materials and Methods: The chosen treatment was therefore an orthodontic camouflage with the extraction of the first mandibular premolars and the second maxillary premolars, in order to catch a correct anterior articular and restore a good occlusal relationship, however, the mandibular laterognathy was camouflaged by means of dental compensations and also by correcting the deviation of the incisors medians through a class III mechanics with good anchorage management.Results: After 24 months of treatment, an ideal overjet and overbite associated with a Class I canine and molar relationship, was obtained, associated with a perfect coincidence of the interincisor medians.Conclusion: Class III skeletal cases can often be treated either by orthodontic camouflage or surgery. In our case study, the treatment adopted was orthodontic camouflage with extractions. The results of the treatment were satisfactory and the occlusal objectives were achieved. The final harmonious smile pleased the patient and improved her self-esteem and quality of life.

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Management Of Mandibular Lateral Incisor Agenesis With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion by Space Closing Technique

Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.20473/ijdm.v1i2.2018.93-97 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Fidiyah Inayati ◽

I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani

Keyword(s):

Lateral Incisor ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Anterior Crowding ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Dental Esthetics ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Space Closure ◽

Closure Method

Background: Patients with congenital absence of a mandibular lateral incisor are often found having difficulty in achieving adequate functional occlusion. It may affect esthetics, mastication, speech, and occlusal balance. Purpose: This paper reported an agenesis treatment of one mandibular lateral incisor case using a space closure method. Case: A twenty-three years old female patient with agenesis of tooth 42, mandibular anterior crowding, multiple diastema on mandibular anterior teeth, and skeletal class III malocclusion. Case Management: Space closure method was chosen to correct the agenesis by considering the class III skeletal malocclusion and multiple diastema condition. Conclusion: Space closure method treatment improved the patient’s facial and dental esthetics, and it provided a good functional occlusion, despite the absence of a mandibular lateral incisor, which generally impairs the adequate incisal guidance.

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Relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v9i1.25684 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Bashu Dev Pant ◽

Anjana Rajbhandari ◽

Resina Pradhan ◽

Manju Bajracharya

Keyword(s):

Third Molar ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Chi Square ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Third Molar Agenesis

Introduction: Teeth eruption is important for the development of alveolar process which increases vertical height of the face and third molar is the last tooth to erupt in the oral cavity after birth. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population. Materials & Method: A sample of 170 patients with agenesis of at least one third molar was divided into four groups according to the third-molar agenesis pattern. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograph and cast models were used to determine the skeletal malocclusion and associated dental anomalies. The Pearson chi-square test was used for stastical analysis. Result: Among 170 patients more than half of the patients were female with the average age being 18.15 ± 3.64 years. Majority of the patients had Class I skeletal malocclusion followed by Class II and III but on group wise comparison of patients with different skeletal patterns Class I skeletal malocclusion had highest prevalence of dental anomalies followed by Class III and Class II malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevalence of third-molar agenesis was more in skeletal class I malocclusion followed by class II and III but skeletal Class I malocclusions had more dental anomalies followed by class III and class II malocclusion.

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Uso de redes neuronales artificiales en predicción de morfología mandibular a través de variables craneomaxilares en una vista posteroanterior / Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Mandibular Morphology Prediction through Craniomaxillar Variables...

Universitas Odontologica ◽

10.11144/javeriana.uo35-74.urna ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (74) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tania Camila Niño Sandoval ◽

Sonia Victoria Guevara Pérez ◽

Fabio Augusto González ◽

Robinson Andrés Jaque ◽

Clementina Infante Contreras

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Mandibular Morphology ◽

Input Variables ◽

The Right

Background: Predicting mandibular morphology is important in facial reconstruction for forensic purposes as in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery. This process has been performed through parametric and linear methods based on Caucasian populations. Also, these analyzes are performed on lateral cephalograms, but a prediction from a posteroanterior view is not taken into account. Purpose: To predict through artificial neural networks the mandibular morphology using craniomaxillary measures in posteroanterior radiographs. Methods: 229 standardized posteroanterior radiographs from Colombian young adults of both sexes were collected. Coordinates of craniofacial skeletal landmarks were used to create mandibular and craniomaxillary measures. 17 predictor craniomaxillary input variables were selected, measuring widths, heights, and angles. Similarly, 13 mandibular measures were selected to be predicted, considering both the right and left sides. Artificial neural networks were used for the prediction process and it was evaluated by a correlation coefficient using a ridge regression between real value and the predicted value. Results: The results found in the model were significant especially for 5 variables of morphological importance in the forensic field: right mandibular ramus (Cdd-God), bigonial width (Goi-God), bicondylar width (Cdi-Cdd), and distance between the condyles to the menton (Cdd-Me and Cdi-Me). Conclusions: An important prediction capacity in 5 measures of forensic importance in patients with skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III was found in both sexes.

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Evaluation of a novel immunoassay to detect p-tau Thr217 in the CSF to distinguish Alzheimer disease from other dementias

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000010814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (22) ◽

pp. e3026-e3035

Author(s):

Jozef Hanes ◽

Andrej Kovac ◽

Hlin Kvartsberg ◽

Eva Kontsekova ◽

Lubica Fialova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Class Iii ◽

Total Tau ◽

Β Amyloid ◽

Healthy Participants

ObjectiveTo investigate whether tau phosphorylated at Thr217 (p-tau T217) assay in CSF can distinguish patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) from patients with other dementias and healthy controls.MethodsWe developed and validated a novel Simoa immunoassay to detect p-tau T217 in CSF. There was a total of 190 participants from 3 cohorts with AD (n = 77) and other neurodegenerative diseases (n = 69) as well as healthy participants (n = 44).ResultsThe p-tau T217 assay (cutoff 242 pg/mL) identified patients with AD with accuracy of 90%, with 78% positive predictive value (PPV), 97% negative predictive value (NPV), 93% sensitivity, and 88% specificity, compared favorably with p-tau T181 ELISA (52 pg/mL), showing 78% accuracy, 58% PPV, 98% NPV, 71% specificity, and 97% sensitivity. The assay distinguished patients with AD from age-matched healthy controls (cutoff 163 pg/mL, 98% sensitivity, 93% specificity), similarly to p-tau T181 ELISA (cutoff 60 pg/mL, 96% sensitivity, 86% specificity). In patients with AD, we found a strong correlation between p-tau T217 and p-tau T181, total tau and β-amyloid 40, but not β-amyloid 42.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that p-tau T217 displayed better diagnostic accuracy than p-tau T181. The data suggest that the new p-tau T217 assay has potential as an AD diagnostic test in clinical evaluation.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that a CSF immunoassay for p-tau T217 distinguishes patients with AD from patients with other dementias and healthy controls.

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