Tourism in protected areas: Developing meaningful standards

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Bushell ◽  
Kelly Bricker
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Visitor Management ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Responsible Business Practices ◽  
Sound Management

In response to research revealing only 21% of protected areas worldwide have ‘sound’ management practices, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has introduced The Green List for Protected Areas. A system of certification that has resulted from recognition of the need for global standards for protected area management. While not focused specifically on tourism, visitation and visitor management practices where relevant to the overall management of a park are important components. For many protected areas, tourism is integral, relying on visitors and tourism for financial support. Increasingly, partnerships between conservation and tourism are contributing to changes in attitudes around the issues of biodiversity conservation and environmentally responsible business practices. This paper discusses The Green List concept and a case study of one of the successful pilot sites, Arakwal National Park in Australia. The paper also explores partnerships between conservation and tourism and how these partnerships could unfold through the work of The Green List. The work of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council which encourages such partnerships is also discussed, focused on sustainable tourism criteria.

scholarly journals Sustainable tourism in protected areas as a driver for environmental conservation and community development in Guatemala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar R Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Visitor Management ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

Developing sustainable tourism in protected areas is of interest because of their marketable settings for outdoor activities in natural environments and for their role in protecting cultural and natural assets. Managing and planning these areas for tourism poses challenges because of issues pertaining to income generation, community development, and visitor management. The region of Lake Izabal-Rio Dulce in Guatemala contains three protected areas – Cerro San Gil, Rio Dulce National Park, and Chocon Machacas – that are significant in protecting biodiversity but are not effectively managed for tourism. Through a case study and a multi-method approach to are not effectively managed for tourism. Through a case study and a multi-method approach to collect data, the perspectives of selected tourism planning and management organizations and tourists were investigated to gauge sustainable tourism initiatives and identify vulnerable zones in the protected areas. The findings show that community development has lagged, visitor management is required, and a greater extent of collaboration is needed to support sustainable management is required, and a greater extent of collaboration is needed to support sustainable tourism development.

scholarly journals Sustainable tourism in protected areas as a driver for environmental conservation and community development in Guatemala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar R Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Visitor Management ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

Developing sustainable tourism in protected areas is of interest because of their marketable settings for outdoor activities in natural environments and for their role in protecting cultural and natural assets. Managing and planning these areas for tourism poses challenges because of issues pertaining to income generation, community development, and visitor management. The region of Lake Izabal-Rio Dulce in Guatemala contains three protected areas – Cerro San Gil, Rio Dulce National Park, and Chocon Machacas – that are significant in protecting biodiversity but are not effectively managed for tourism. Through a case study and a multi-method approach to are not effectively managed for tourism. Through a case study and a multi-method approach to collect data, the perspectives of selected tourism planning and management organizations and tourists were investigated to gauge sustainable tourism initiatives and identify vulnerable zones in the protected areas. The findings show that community development has lagged, visitor management is required, and a greater extent of collaboration is needed to support sustainable management is required, and a greater extent of collaboration is needed to support sustainable tourism development.

scholarly journals Simulation analysis of incentives on employees' acceptance of foreign joint venture management practices: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 2047-2078
Author(s):  
Jingxiao Zhang ◽  
You Ouyang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez ◽  
Martin Skitmore
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Venture Management ◽  
Employee Acceptance

PurposeCultural differences between employees of different nationalities are hindering the development of some transnational joint ventures. Describing and modelling the positive (or negative) factors that cause joint venture employees to accept (or reject) joint management business practices is of great value to all corporations operating abroad with locally sourced employees.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a Sino-Japan construction joint venture project as a representative case study. First, structural equation modelling is used to identify the factors influencing Chinese employees' acceptance of joint venture management practices. Then, a system dynamics model is adopted to simulate the time-dependent effects of the incentives.FindingsThe study results (1) indicate which incentives strongly affect employee acceptance of joint venture management practices; (2) identify inefficient management practices in cross-cultural joint ventures; and (3) provide evidence that the employees' perceptions of clear purpose, good working relationships and helpful mechanisms positively and directly also support their acceptance of joint management practices.Originality/value–A dynamic simulation method is used to analyse the influence of various incentive factors on employee acceptance of joint management. This provides unprecedented information regarding how these factors interact with each other, hence how their effectiveness varies (both positively and negatively) over time. Further findings also provide new ideas for joint venture managers to adopt more effective management methods.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Ecosystem Services in Developing Effective and Sustainable Management Practices in Marine Protected Areas. The Case Study of “Isola dell’Asinara”

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Floris ◽  
Vittorio Gazale ◽  
Federica Isola ◽  
Francesca Leccis ◽  
Salvatore Pinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Zone Management

Ecosystem Services (ESs) are assuming a constantly increasing importance in management practices due to their key role in ensuring a sustainable future to fauna and flora on Earth. In addition, ES degradation and quality loss jeopardize current human activities. For this reason, it is essential to develop methodologies and practices able to efficiently assess environmental and socio-economic impacts in terms of ES deterioration, especially within protected areas. Norms and regulations have to be able to identify habitat and species categories to be preserved, and to determine the cost of their destruction and decline, according to a holistic vision, which includes social and economic impacts, besides the environmental ones. The paper illustrates the case study of the “Isola dell’Asinara” Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Sardinia, where an experimental methodology was developed with the aim to draw new regulations that integrate conservation measures of Natura 2000 sites included in its territory, provisions determined by the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) protocol and the Standardized Actions for Effective Management of MPAs (ISEA) project. Subsequently, in order to assess the status of ESs and impacts on ESs located within the MPA territory, an ecosystem-based approach was implemented and applied to the actions defined for the new regulation proposal. Results show that regulations are in this way valuably enriched by environmental aspects of the MPA that would otherwise be overlooked.

scholarly journals Ecotourism opportunities and conservation challenges: A case study involving some lesser known protected areas of central India landscape

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Peteneinuo Patricia ◽  
◽  
Suchitra Acharya ◽  
Tripti Pal Verma ◽  
Akash Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Central India ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Corporate Social

Madhya Pradesh is a wildlife tourism destination in India. However, some Protected Areas are not developed, and their importance is not well-known. Weak management practices and low motivating factors for staff, lack of ownership among the communities were some of the restricting factors why they have not been able to develop to their full potential. In order to support their development, organizations having corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds were identified from various districts of Madhya Pradesh viz. Indore, Dhar, Satna, Katni, Singrauli and Dewas. The primary objective of this study is to throw light on their potential, to generate awareness about their potential and how they can be promoted to boost ecotourism with the help of all concerned stakeholders’ participation.

scholarly journals Ecotourism impact assessment on environment in protected areas of Serbia: A case study of Gornje Podunavlje Special nature Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stojanović ◽  
Maja Mijatov ◽  
Jelena Dunjić ◽  
Lazar Lazić ◽  
Aleksandra Dragin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Visitor Management ◽  
General Projection ◽  
Educational Paths

Ecotourism is a nature-based type of tourism, especially represented within protected areas. No matter the fact, just like the other selective types of this sector, ecotourism might affect the environment. In a process of writing the Visitor Management Plan in the Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve (SNR) in 2019, one part of the study was related to general projection of the ecotourism development impact on eco-educational paths within this SNR. The research was conducted throughout November 2019, in the form of interviews. The sample obtained 12 experts for nature protection, who stated their attitudes on three important topics: tourism in protected areas in general, tourism in the Gornje Podunavlje SNR and ecotourism within three concrete sites: Karapandža, Štrbac and Bestrement.

scholarly journals Crop Protection and Its Effectiveness against Wildlife: A Case Study of Two Villages of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Pandey ◽  
Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage

A complex relationship between the residents and protected areas continue to be an obstacle to successful conservation of protected areas. Conflicts between park authority and people living around the park pose a threat to conservation. Moreover, crop depredation due to wildlife incurs a severe economic loss to communities living in the close vicinity of the park, affecting the livelihood and well-being of locals. Many studies have been carried out emphasizing the identification and quantification of crop damage, but studies highlighting the means used for the crop protection and their effectiveness are limited. This paper examines frequency of the crop damage by wildlife and efficacy of utilized management practices in Shivapuri National Park (SNP). Altogether 132 households were visited in two buffer zone villages namely, Sikre and Jhor Mahankhal of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. The study suggested that crop depredation by wildlife was a function of several factors, namely, distance of the farmland from the park, size of the crop raiding animals, frequency of their attacks on the farmland, and the type of crops. Five different measures were identified by the communities which they regularly used to prevent crop damage. Both traditional as well as modern means were used by households to guard crops from invading wild animals. The means of crop protection from wildlife differed according to the type of animal and crop being protected. Biofencing and trenches were effective for the small animals. Watch tower “Machans” and throwing flaming sticks and making noises were the most effective and safest means of crop guarding from all kind of animals. Though crop guarding was intensive, no means were found to be able to prevent crop damage completely. Thus, site specific management strategies as well as technical and financial support from donor organizations would be most useful to minimize crop loss.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 1-10

scholarly journals Indigenous Management Practices- A Case Study on Street Vendors

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Keerthan Raj
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Study Approach

Street vending a very ancient and critical occupation found in each and every country with far reaching economic and social impact. Even before the pre independence era, in India, street vending was by far the only recourse to sales activities in an informal space. Even to this day in smaller semi urban localities and pockets of the country we see a congregation of sellers and buyers getting together in vacant spaces for an informal marketing activity. They are called by various names as in sandy bazaars, santhe’s etc which could happen once a week in most places. Not just food, every possible and essential good and in certain cases services are also bought and sold here. While there is a lot of study on formal sales management, marketing mix, product life cycles stages and a plethora of marketing concept, this street vendors business management have been given very little thought and study. In the absence of a shop, any perceivable brand building exercises, advertisements the street vendor is successful in getting very good returns on the minimal capital expenditure invested. This paper is a case study approach to viewing the successful business practices of street vendors. How do these street vendors manage competition amongst them and still continue to attract a growing numbers of customers. Certain sellers have become brands in themselves for certain unique services they offer and able to sustain their product and service through the years successfully. In this paper, we have discussed certain critical practices of street vendors that could be of much use in furthering management theories and practices.

scholarly journals Developing a framework for the efficient design and management of large scale marine protected areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nikitine ◽  
A.M.W. Wilson ◽  
T.P. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sound Management

Following the designation of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument in 2000, globally there has been a growing trend in establishing large, remote, no-take marine reserves (> 150,000 sq km), generally known as Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs). Yet such MPAs with vast geographical areas bring design and management challenges, as the islands and seas are spread over hundreds of nautical miles and are largely inaccessible and often uninhabited. In order to understand how management of LSMPAs can be successfully sustained, this study evaluates the Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve (PIMR), designated in September 2016, against a framework based on 10 criteria, which were derived from the IUCN WCPA's Guidelines for Design and Management of Large-Scale MPAs. Initial findings show the PIMR was satisfactory in design focusing on sound management practices, taking into account uncertainties around financial sustainability and future administrations. This study identifies the importance of: acquiring robust baseline data, being fully protected (no-take), using ecosystem-based management, community inclusion, and of adopting an ecologically connected network approach. These features are needed for large marine reserves to maximize achieving both ecological and socio-economic goals, with particular attention to engagement of local communities. This study opens the possibility of refining and adapting the criteria developed through the PIMR case study as starting point for other Large-Scale MPAs, as their global expansion could benefit from comparative analysis. It also acknowledges the importance of having comparative design and management guides, contributing towards globally recognized standards for large-scale MPAs.

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