Reception of Political Parties by Robert Michels in Poland in an international context

2020 ◽  
pp. 1468795X2090971
Author(s):  
Radomir Miński
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Context ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Marginal Part ◽  
Scientific Achievements

In 2011, it has been a centenary since the best-known book by Robert Michels titled Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der Demokratie modernen. Untersuchungen über die oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppenlebens was first published. This work, together with the formulation “the iron law of oligarchy,” is the most recognizable component of the scientific achievements of this German-Italian sociologist. In the second half of the twentieth century, Michels’s thesis about the contradiction between the organization and democracy had a significant impact on the development of the sociology. “The iron law of oligarchy” inspired many scholars from the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, where to present day Political Parties is regarded as the classic work in the field of sociology of politics. Unfortunately in Polish humanities, Michels has been played quite marginal part. Up until today, there has been no Polish translation of Michels’s main book. Nevertheless in Polish literature, there were a few publications dealing with Soziologie des Parteiwesens, which are worth mentioning.

scholarly journals The Legacy of 1812: How a Little War Shaped the Transatlantic World

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Andrew Jackson ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Union

The War of 1812 may have been a small and inconclusive war, but it had a profound and lasting impact of all the belligerents. The war may be largely forgotten, but it left a huge legacy that is still evident today. Wars can best be measured by their consequences, and the legacy of this war was both multifaceted and lasting. The conflict shaped both the United States and Canada as well as their relationship with Great Britain for nearly a century thereafter. It helps to explain how the Anglo-American alliance originated and why the British welcomed the Pax Americana in the twentieth century, as well as why Canada never joined the American Union and why American expansion after 1815 aimed south and west rather than north. It was during the War of 1812 that the great Shawnee leader Tecumseh earned his reputation, Laura Secord became famous, and Andrew Jackson began his rise to the presidency. Its impact on American culture was also far reaching and produced ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’, Uncle Sam and ‘Old Ironsides’, amongst other symbols of United States nationhood.

Background in the United States and Great Britain to 1950

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Public ◽  
The 1950S

Throughout the twentieth century, folk music has had many definitions and incarnations in the United States and Great Britain. The public has been most aware of its commercial substance and appeal, with the focus on recording artists and their repertoires, but there has been so much more, including a political agenda, folklore theories, grassroots styles, regional promoters, and discussions on what musical forms—blues, hillbilly, gospel, Anglo-Saxon, pop, singer-songwriters, instrumental and/or vocal, international—should be included. These contrasting and conflicting interpretations were particularly evident during the 1950s. This chapter begins by focusing on Alan Lomax (1915–2002), one of the most active folk music collectors, radio promoters, and organizers during the 1940s. Lomax had a major influence on folk music in both the United States and Great Britain, tying together what had come before and what would follow. The chapter then discusses folk festivals and performers; British folk music, musicians, and trans-Atlantic musical connections; and Carl Sandburg's publication of the The American Songbag in 1927.

Genesis of Mexican-United States Diplomacy: A Critical Analysis of the Alaman-Poinsett Confrontation, 1825

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Lamar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
States Government ◽  
Diplomatic Recognition ◽  
The Revolution

On September 27, 1821, Mexico achieved its de facto independence from Spain when Agustín de Iturbide led his 16,000-man “Trigarante” Army into Ciudad México, thus culminating the revolution inaugurated by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo in 1810. In December 1822, the United States gave official diplomatic recognition to Mexico, followed shortly thereafter by Great Britain in 1823. Despite such action on the part of the United States government, however, no official minister was dispatched to Mexico until May 1825. Based upon the circumstances of this delay and upon conditions in Mexico, when a United States minister did arrive in Ciudad México to meet with Mexican officials, the stage was set for a significant confrontation which would determine the tenor of Mexican-United States relations until the twentieth century. This was the confrontation between Joel R. Poinsett and Lucas Alamán.

scholarly journals The International Potential of the Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel – a Review of Grażyna Borkowska and Lidia Wiśniewska’s (eds.) “Another Canon: The Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel in World Context”

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Rokosz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
World Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Nineteenth Century Novels

The article is a review of “Another Canon: The Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel in World Context”, edited by Grażyna Borkowska and Lidia Wiśniewska, published in 2020 by Lit Verlag, Switzerland within the “Polonistik im Kontext” series. The first part of the monograph includes articles that provide a reinterpretation of selected novels (including Krasicki’s “The Adventures of Mr. Nickolas Wisdom”, Orzeszkowa’s “On the Niemen”, and Sienkiewicz’s “Without Dogma”) in relation to the main currents of world literature. The second part focuses on the reception of selected nineteenth-century Polish novels in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, France, Spain, the United States, and Great Britain. The publication is aimed at raising the interest of non-Polish recipients in the nineteenth-century novels during a period when twentieth and contemporary Polish literature has already gained relative popularity abroad.

Invitation to Empire: Tariffs and American Economic Expansion in Canada

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scheinberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Influence

The growth of the United States' economic influence in twentieth-century Canada was intimately related to the continuation of the “National Policy” of protectionist tariffs. Professor Scheinberg argues that Canadians initially welcomed America's consciously expansionist thrust, and that they eventually became entangled in the problems of seeking rapid economic growth along with economic independence from both the older imperialism of Great Britain and the newer variety represented by the United States.

The Emergence of Modern Algebra

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Katz ◽  
Karen Hunger Parshall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Modern Algebra ◽  
Algebraic Thought

This chapter explores how the topography of algebra had changed significantly by the first decade of the twentieth century. It studies the progress made since the developments described in the last chapter; such as a vast extension of the notion of “integer” as well as in a new body of algebraic thought. The chapter also reveals another key characteristic of the evolving topography of algebra—the increasingly international dialogue between mathematicians in Great Britain, on the continent, in the United States, and elsewhere. In addition, the axiomatization of specific algebraic entities and the structural approach to algebra is studied here in more depth.

Propaganda Activities of British Political Parties

1936 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Harold W. Stoke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Election ◽  
British Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment

The recent national election in Great Britain offers another opportunity to study the methods and practices by which British political parties carry on their campaigns. One of the most interesting of these aspects of British politics is the character of the propaganda activities in which the parties engage—activities which present some contrasts to those with which Americans are familiar. In the United States, the regularity of elections accustoms the public to recurrent outbursts of noisy, high-pressure propaganda followed after elections by a silence almost unbroken by official party utterances. The parties of the United States are compelled to manufacture their campaigns out of whatever materials are at hand, seeking to whip up public sentiment without caring very much whether it rests upon sound convictions as to public policy or upon prejudice and passion. Party activities and strategy are determined almost exclusively by one cardinal principle—the effect upon the number of votes which the party can secure.

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