From government to governance: School coalition for promoting educational quality and equity in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110349
Author(s):  
Zhongjing Huang ◽  
HuanChun Chen

The major aim of recent school education reform in China is to improve educational equity and quality. This paper aims to explore a collaborative reform in a school district in Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province. The major focus of the reform has been a change of school management from “government” to “governance,” which is a shift from individual school effort to multi-school collaboration, from a single point development to a regional ecological development, as well as from loose development to excellence and equality development. Under such reform and through the school coalition among all schools within the district, high-quality and balanced development of the regional education has been promoted. Reform strategies in the school coalition studied include enhancing educational equity within the coalition; coordinating multiple powers; upholding educational quality by a shared curriculum; putting in extra resources to release school burdens; improving the quality of the teaching force; and developing an evidence-based comprehensive assessment system. The results of such changes not only promote teacher professional development but also meet students’ individual needs and growth. The schools involved in the collaborative endeavor have all earned support and recognition from parents, respect from the bureau, and a good reputation, and have improved competitiveness in Hangzhou.

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conra D. Gist ◽  
Terrenda White ◽  
Margarita Bianco

This research study examines the learning experiences of 11th- and 12th-grade Black girls participating in a precollegiate program committed to increasing the number of Teachers of Color entering the profession by viewing a teaching career as an act of social justice committed to educational equity. The pipeline functions as an education reform structure to disrupt pedagogies and policies that push Black girls out of educational spaces at disproportionate rates by instead pushing Black girls to teach. Critical race and Black feminist theories are utilized to analyze interviews from Black girls over a 5-year period of the program and composite characters are developed to spotlight key findings that allow us to (a) better understand and amplify the collective learning and social-emotional experiences of Black girls in the program, (b) highlight and critique the challenges and possibilities for positively pushing Black girls’ intellectual identities as students and future teachers via pedagogies and supports, (c) identify spaces and structures in schools that can resist and combat the marginalization of Black girls’ agency and genius, and (d) consider implications for the development of Black Women Educator pipelines.


1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Weatherley ◽  
Michael Lipsky

Recent state and federal legislation holds the promise of sweeping reform in special-education practices. In this article, Richard Weatherley and Michael Lipsky examine the implementation of Chapter 766, the dramatically innovative state special-education law in Massachusetts. They show how the necessary coping mechanisms that individual school personnel use to manage the demands of their jobs may, in the aggregate, constrain and distort the implementation of special-education reform. Their findings have serious implications for those seeking to introduce policy innovations in service bureaucracies of all kinds where the deliverers of service exercise substantial discretion in setting their work priorities.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Shu Yuan

The household registration system and policies have profound influences on the economic development, social transformation, and the process of urbanization and industrialization in China. This research paper conducted an extend review on China’s household registration policy’s influences on rural-to-urban migrant students’ educational participation, attainment, and achievement in K12 levels. Previous review of academic achievement gaps between rural-urban and migrant-local students identifies the quest for educational equity for every student, but much of them leave open the question of the historically rooted Hukou system’s powerful influences on migrant students’ educational experiences and outcomes in their processes of integration to the new social and cultural environment.


Author(s):  
Sarah Q. Coupet ◽  
Guerda Nicolas

Developing high quality teachers is at the center of education reform and previous research has highlighted, high quality in-service teacher professional development leads to improved instruction, student learning, and ultimately promotes social equity. Using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) theoretical framework, the voices and experiences of educators in Haiti were captured. This study reveals the following themes: 1) an opportunity for self-improvement, 2) an avenue for improving students learning, and 3) an approach to contributing to colleagues' development. An understanding of these themes from a cross-cultural perspective is provided with the objective that school personnel, receiving this population of students will develop an understanding of Haitian student's educational experiences.


2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 72-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ferguson

Three news stories from spring 2019 put the spotlight on the interaction between money, power, and political influence in education. The Varsity Blues scandal, in which 50 people were charged with using bribes, false test scores, and other shady methods to influence college admission decisions, highlights not just the pernicious influence on money in higher education but also the false notion that certain schools are so special the mere act of attending can set its students up for a happy and successful life. President Donald Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget preserved funding for popular programs but cut programs for teacher professional development and federal student aid for higher education. And new research by Frederick Hess and Jay Greene reveals that the education reform and research movements are populated by a large proportion of supporters of Democratic candidates.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Rupšienė ◽  
Vilija Targamadzė

In recent years a strategy of high quality education has been established in education policy, stimulating the adoption of transparent education quality assessment system, the basic component of which is internal / external audit. In practice, though, it is observed that teachers lack motivation to participate in internal audit activities, therefore, danger arises for implementation of strategic educational provision. That stimulated a research in 2006, aiming at revelation and analysis of motivating factors for teachers’ participation within activities of internal audit. A quantitative design (survey) was chosen for the research. The sample was composed in two regions of the country by employing the method of cluster sampling. Altogether 589 teachers participated in the research. Quantitative data were analyzed by employing methods of factor and correlation analysis, Chi-square and Anova tests were chosen to identify differences. During the research, fi ve factors that motivated teachers’ participation in the internal audit activities were identifi ed: 1) a wish to self-assess the situation of education in one’s school; 2) the principal’s demonstrated trust in teachers; 3) the opportunity of choice provided to the teachers; 4) the opportunity for self-expression provided to the teachers; and 5) fi nancial incentives. The teachers with longer term of teaching experience were more motivated to participate in the internal audit activities by the trust demonstrated by the school principal than their less experienced colleagues. Fi-nancial incentives for the participation in the internal audit activities and the opportunity of choice tended to motivate women more than men. In the analysis of the teachers’ attitudes to internal audit, three groups of attitudes were singled out: 1) internal audit was a meaningless and boring activity, imposed upon teachers, that did not improve the quality of the school performance; 2) internal audit meant extra work for teachers; and 3) internal audit was indispensable for the school performance, however, it had organizational shortcomings. The majority of the teachers tended to view internal audit as extra work (93%). During the research, we established an essential relationship between the negative view of internal audit and the direct motives of the participation in the internal audit activities: the direct motivation to participate in the internal audit of those teachers who took a negative view of the said audit was weaker. The more teachers participate in the activities of internal audit the stronger their negative attitude towards it becomes. Increase of this negative attitude may witness inadequate reward for the job performed. Teachers’ expectations are mostly related to fi nancial remuneration for participation in activities of internal audit — such expectations are typical of 1/3 of the respondents. On the other hand, our research also established the relationship between a negative view of internal audit and indirect motives of the participation in the internal audit activities. The teachers who took a negative view of internal audit less frequently tended to indicate that they were motivated to participate in the internal audit activities by the wish to deserve the principal’s trust or the need for self-expression and choice. Another managerial problem as established in the research was the organizational dimension: 46% of the respondents stated that internal audit was indispensable, however, it had organizational shortcomings. Results of the research allow to conclude that teachers’ motivation to participate in activities of internal audit is mostly related to the management of the process. Adequate remunaration and more effi cient organization of internal audit as well as the management of the personnel (teachers) ought to improve teachers’ motivation to participate in the activities of internal audit.Keywords: teachers’ motivation, internal audit at school, educational quality.


2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hirata

The purpose of this paper is to analyze decentralized education reform in Japan in terms of School/Site-Based Management (SBM). In the literature, SBM embraces two major elements, namely, the devolution of decision-making authority to the individual school level and Shared Decision-Making (SDM). In Japan, school advisors and school management councils have been established with similar purposes with SBM since 2000. However, because the decision-making authority is not sufficiently devolved to each school and many groups of stakeholders are not significantly involved in decision-making processes, a SBM form of school governance has not been realized in Japan. Cet article a pour but d’analyser la réforme de décentralisation de l’éducation au Japon en termes de l’Administration basée sur l’école ou le site (SBM). Dans la littérature, la SBM se comprend de deux éléments: la dévolution au niveau de chaque école les droits d'exécuter des décisions et la politique des décisions partagées (SDM). Au Japon, les postes de conseillers et les conseils d’administration ont été établis depuis l’an 2000. Et pourtant, parce que les instances ne sont pas assez engagées dans le processus décisionnel, une forme de gouvernance des écoles selon la SBM n’a pas pu se réaliser au Japon.


Author(s):  
Sarah Q. Coupet ◽  
Guerda Nicolas

Developing high quality teachers is at the center of education reform and previous research has highlighted, high quality in-service teacher professional development leads to improved instruction, student learning, and ultimately promotes social equity. Using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) theoretical framework, the voices and experiences of educators in Haiti were captured. This study reveals the following themes: 1) an opportunity for self-improvement, 2) an avenue for improving students learning, and 3) an approach to contributing to colleagues' development. An understanding of these themes from a cross-cultural perspective is provided with the objective that school personnel, receiving this population of students will develop an understanding of Haitian student's educational experiences.


Author(s):  
Robyn Swanson ◽  
Philip Shepherd

The chapter provides a detailed account of the past, present, and future of Kentucky policies and practices for assessment in music education (1992–2016). Kentucky (Kentucky Department of Education, 1990) was a leader in systemic education reform and development of arts (dance, drama/theatre, music, visual arts) assessments. Three generations of music assessment models may provide direction in the design of a large-scale data-driven school-accountability arts assessment system. These are: first generation (1992–1998), Kentucky Instructional Results Information System (KIRIS); second generation (1998–2009), Commonwealth Accountability Testing System (CATS), focused on individualized student music assessments; and third generation (2009–2016), Unbridled Learning Accountability Model: Next-Generation Instructional Programs and Support with Program Reviews, addressing arts (music) assessments for the evaluation of quality programs. From 2002 to 2006, the Kentucky Music Education Association (KMEA) partnered with the Kentucky Department of Education (KDE) in an experiment using listening prompts versus written prompts in CATS test items.


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