Intestinal homeostasis is restored in mice following a period of intestinal growth induced by orally administered Emu Oil

Previously, we reported that orally administered Emu Oil (EO) increases mucosal thickness in the small intestine and colon in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and colitis. However, it remains unclear whether mucosal thickening (crypt and villus lengthening) represents a process of normal or aberrant growth. We sought to determine if villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) measurements returned to normal in EO-treated rats following withdrawal of EO therapy. Dark agouti rats ( n = 8/group) were gavaged daily for 10 days with water, olive oil (OO), or EO (0.5 mL or 1 mL). Groups of rats were euthanized on days 10 and 17. Intestinal weights, lengths, VH, and CD were quantified. P < 0.05 was considered significant. On day 10, jejuno–ileum weight was increased by OO (26%) and EO (0.5 mL: 15%; 1 mL: 29%) compared to water controls ( P < 0.01), which was normalized by day 17. On days 10 and 17, jejuno-ileum length was greater in OO- (12%) and EO-treated rats (0.5 mL: 8%; 1 mL: 12%; P < 0.05), relative to water controls. On day 10, OO and EO increased ileal VH (OO: 32%; 0.5 EO: 22%; EO: 35%; P < 0.01) and CD (OO: 17%; 0.5 EO: 13%; EO: 22%) compared to water controls. Importantly, however, after withdrawal of all oils, VH and CD measurements returned to normal control values. Moreover, the VH:CD ratio (potential indicator of dysplasia) remained unchanged in all experimental groups on days 10 and 17. The restoration of normal intestinal architecture following cessation of Emu Oil therapy supports its safety for application in intestinal disorders. Impact statement Uncontrolled inflammation and intestinal proliferation can predispose to the development of colorectal cancer. In previous pre-clinical studies, we demonstrated that oral administration of Emu Oil promotes intestinal repair via stimulation of the mucosa in response to tissue injury and inflammation. Therefore, it was important to determine if Emu Oil administration did not promote the precocious development of colorectal cancer. The current study revealed that Emu Oil returned indicators of intestinal proliferation back to normal values after a period of seven days. These data strongly support the safety of Emu Oil for further studies in the context of bowel inflammation.

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Emu Oil Attenuates Disease Severity and Results in Fewer Large Colonic Tumors in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer

Nutrition and Cancer ◽

10.1080/01635581.2021.1909737 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Suzanne Mashtoub ◽

Lauren C. Chartier ◽

Debbie Trinder ◽

Ian C. Lawrance ◽

Gordon S. Howarth

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Emu Oil

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Influence of the Periapical Status of the Posterior Maxillary Teeth on the Width of the Schneiderian Membrane of the Maxillary Sinus Mucosa

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3908

Author(s):

Igor Tsesis ◽

Eyal Rosen ◽

Ilan Beitlitum ◽

Einat Dicker-Levy ◽

Shlomo Matalon

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Third Molar ◽

Root Tips ◽

Schneiderian Membrane ◽

Second Molar ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Posterior Maxilla ◽

Mucosal Thickness ◽

Tooth Type ◽

Mucosal Thickening

Background: Various parameters are known to affect the amount and type of mucosal thickening. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate these effects through a survey of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. CBCT scans of 150 patients, which included the area of the MS and maxillary teeth (canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, second molar, and third molar), were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of sinus mucosal thickening. The parameters evaluated as possible causes of mucosal thickening were age, sex, tooth type, proximity to the maxillary sinus, endodontic treatment, and periapical lesion. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. A total of 28% of the teeth presented with mucosal thickening, which was associated with periapical lesions in 57.1% of 77 cases. The size of the lesion was the only parameter that was found to be significantly connected to the presence of mucosal thickness. More than 50% of teeth with periapical lesions in the posterior maxilla exhibited mucosal thickening. Other parameters such as age, sex, and the position of the root tips in relation to the MS floor did not influence the probability of developing mucosal thickening.

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Emu oil expedites small intestinal repair following 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis in rats

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370213493718 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 238 (11) ◽

pp. 1305-1317 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Suzanne Mashtoub ◽

Cuong D Tran ◽

Gordon S Howarth

Keyword(s):

Emu Oil ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Intestinal Repair

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Su1815 – Grape Seed Extract and Emu Oil in Combination Reduces Colitis Severity and Tumour Number in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(19)38452-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 156 (6) ◽

pp. S-622-S-623

Author(s):

Lauren C. Chartier ◽

Gordon S. Howarth ◽

Debbie Trinder ◽

Suzanne Mashtoub

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Grape Seed Extract ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Emu Oil

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Emu oil promotes bodyweight gain in a mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer

Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.199 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

S. Mashtoub ◽

G.S. Howarth ◽

D. Trinder ◽

I.C. Lawrance

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Bodyweight Gain ◽

Emu Oil

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Dietary emu oil supplementation suppresses 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy-induced inflammation, osteoclast formation, and bone loss

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00587.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 302 (11) ◽

pp. E1440-E1449 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rethi Raghu Nadhanan ◽

Suzanne M. Abimosleh ◽

Yu-Wen Su ◽

Michaela A. Scherer ◽

Gordon S. Howarth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Osteoclast Formation ◽

Dark Agouti ◽

Emu Oil ◽

Gene Expression Studies ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Reduced Density

Cancer chemotherapy can cause osteopenia or osteoporosis, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and currently, no preventative treatments are available. This study investigated damaging effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on histological, cellular, and molecular changes in the tibial metaphysis and potential protective benefits of emu oil (EO), which is known to possess a potent anti-inflammatory property. Female dark agouti rats were gavaged orally with EO or water (1 ml·day−1·rat−1) for 1 wk before a single ip injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) or saline (Sal) was given. The treatment groups were H2O + Sal, H2O + 5-FU, EO + 5-FU, and EO + Sal. Oral gavage was given throughout the whole period up to 1 day before euthanasia ( days 3, 4, and 5 post-5-FU). Histological analysis showed that H2O + 5-FU significantly reduced heights of primary spongiosa on days 3 and 5 and trabecular bone volume of secondary spongiosa on days 3 and 4. It reduced density of osteoblasts slightly and caused an increase in the density of osteoclasts on trabecular bone surface on day 4. EO supplementation prevented reduction of osteoblasts and induction of osteoclasts and bone loss caused by 5-FU. Gene expression studies confirmed an inhibitory effect of EO on osteoclasts since it suppressed 5-FU-induced expression of proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokine TNFα, osteoclast marker receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, and osteoclast-associated receptor. Therefore, this study demonstrated that EO can counter 5-FU chemotherapy-induced inflammation in bone, preserve osteoblasts, suppress osteoclast formation, and potentially be useful in preventing 5-FU chemotherapy-induced bone loss.

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Effect of Baseline Characteristics and Tumor Burden on Vaspin Expression and Progressive Disease in Operable Colorectal Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10100801 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 801

Author(s):

Jung-Yu Kan ◽

Yi-Chen Lee ◽

Yu-Da Lin ◽

Wan-Yi Ho ◽

Sin-Hua Moi

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Progressive Disease ◽

Disease Patient ◽

Tumor Burden ◽

Small Sample ◽

Path Modeling ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Potential Indicator ◽

Baseline Characteristics

Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy in the Asian population, and it is considered an important prognostic factor for baseline characteristics, tumor burden, and tumor markers. This study investigated the effect of baseline characteristics and tumor burden on tumor marker expression and progressive disease in colorectal cancer by using partial least squares variance-based path modeling (PLS-PM). PLS-PM can be used to evaluate the complex relationship between prognostic variables and progressive disease status with a small sample of measurements and structural models. A total of 89 tissue samples of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Our results suggested that the expression of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin) is a potential indicator of colorectal cancer progression and may be affected by baseline characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, according to the characteristics of tumor burden, the expression of vaspin was generally higher in each progressive disease patient. The overall findings suggest that vaspin is a potential indicator of the progressive disease and may be affected by the baseline characteristics of patients.

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Flat adenomas exist in asymptomatic people: important implications for colorectal cancer screening programmes

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.43.2.229 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 229-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A R Hart ◽

S Kudo ◽

E H Mackay ◽

J F Mayberry ◽

W S Atkin

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Severe Dysplasia ◽

Histological Features ◽

Mucosal Thickness ◽

Flat Lesions ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Flat Adenomas

Background—Flat adenomas are non-exophytic with a flat top or central depression and histologically the depth of dysplastic tissue is never more than twice the mucosal thickness. Flat adenomas frequently contain severely dysplastic tissue, and may progress rapidly through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Flat lesions have never been described in a British asymptomatic population.Aims—To determine whether flat adenomas exist in an asymptomatic population participating in a large randomised controlled trial of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening.Patients—A total of 3000 subjects (aged 55–64 years) underwent screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy.Methods—All polyps were removed and sent for histology. The number of polyps with endoscopic and histological features of flat adenomas was recorded.Results—Three subjects had a total of four flat lesions—that is, one per 1000 people screened. Three contained severely dysplastic tissue, one a focus of adenocarcinoma. Three of the four lesions were less than 5 mm in size and the fourth was 15 mm in diameter.Conclusions—Flat lesions with severe dysplasia exist in the asymptomatic population. This has major implications for gastroenterologists who should be trained to identify them. Their existence is of importance to molecular biologists and epidemiologists investigating the aetiology of colorectal cancer.

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