Improving PET Imaging Acquisition and Analysis With Machine Learning: A Narrative Review With Focus on Alzheimer's Disease and Oncology

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have found increasing utility in the medical imaging field and numerous applications in the analysis of digital biomarkers within positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have emerged. Interest in the use of artificial intelligence in PET imaging for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and oncology stems from the potential for such techniques to streamline decision support for physicians providing early and accurate diagnosis and allowing personalized treatment regimens. In this review, the use of ML to improve PET image acquisition and reconstruction is presented, along with an overview of its applications in the analysis of PET images for the study of Alzheimer's disease and oncology.

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International consensus on the use of tau PET imaging agent 18F-flortaucipir in Alzheimer’s disease

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ◽

10.1007/s00259-021-05673-w ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Mei Tian ◽

A. Cahid Civelek ◽

Ignasi Carrio ◽

Yasuyoshi Watanabe ◽

Keon Wook Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Tau Pathology ◽

International Consensus ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Patient Preparation ◽

Tau Pet Imaging

Abstract Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) with the first and only tau targeting radiotracer of 18F-flortaucipir approved by FDA has been increasingly used in depicting tau pathology deposition and distribution in patients with cognitive impairment. The goal of this international consensus is to help nuclear medicine practitioners procedurally perform 18F-flortaucipir PET imaging. Method A multidisciplinary task group formed by experts from various countries discussed and approved the consensus for 18F-flortaucipir PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focusing on clinical scenarios, patient preparation, and administered activities, as well as image acquisition, processing, interpretation, and reporting. Conclusion This international consensus and practice guideline will help to promote the standardized use of 18F-flortaucipir PET in patients with AD. It will become an international standard for this purpose in clinical practice.

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Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780198807292.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 99-116

Author(s):

Andrea Vergallo ◽

Harald Hampel ◽

René S. Bun ◽

Simone Lista

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Serum Proteomics ◽

Positron Emission ◽

T Tau ◽

Technological Platforms

Reflecting the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ‎1-42, t-tau, and p-tau and positive amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging are considered core biomarkers for AD. Unfortunately, their use for screening is limited by their invasive nature (CSF biomarkers) or high cost (PET imaging). Among the biologic specimens that may be scrutinized for identifying novel AD biomarkers, circulating blood is a convenient source for sampling. The dynamic range of high-throughput technological platforms, coupled with advances in bioinformatics, holds the promise that proteomics will be a significant contributor to the field of blood-based AD biomarkers. Here, the chapter summarizes the blood-based biomarker platforms applied to the investigation of AD and reviews recent achievements in plasma/serum proteomics related to AD. These findings set the stage for the implementation of systems biology in the context of the evolving precision medicine paradigm for AD.

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