autosomal dominant alzheimer’s disease
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Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
Ove Almkvist ◽  
Caroline Graff

Mounting evidence shows that the APOE ε4 allele interferes with cognition in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Less is known about APOE in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease (adAD). The present study explored the effects on cognition associated with the gene–gene interactions between the APOE gene and the APP and PSEN1 genes in adAD. This study includes mutation carriers (MC) and non-carriers (NC) from adAD families with mutations in APP (n = 28 and n = 25; MC and NC, respectively) and PSEN1 (n = 12 and n = 15; MC and NC, respectively) that represent the complete spectrum of disease: AD dementia (n = 8) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 15 and presymptomatic AD, n = 17). NC represented unimpaired normal aging. There was no significant difference in the distribution of APOE ε4 (absence vs. presence) between the APP vs. PSEN1 adAD genes and mutation status (MC vs. NC). However, episodic memory was significantly affected by the interaction between APOE and the APP vs. PSEN1 genes in MC. This was explained by favorable performance in the absence of APOE ε4 in PSEN1 compared to APP MC. Similar trends were seen in other cognitive functions. No significant associations between APOE ε4 and cognitive performance were obtained in NC. In conclusion, cognitive effects of APOE–adAD gene interaction were differentiated between the PSEN1 and APP mutation carriers, indicating epistasis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Torso ◽  
Gerard R Ridgway ◽  
Ian Hardingham ◽  
Dimitra Tzaferou ◽  
Tammie L.S. Benzinger ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakeel T. Quiroz ◽  
Laura Ramirez Aguilar ◽  
Margarita Giraldo‐Chica ◽  
David Aguillon ◽  
Ana Y. Baena ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4582
Author(s):  
Tanzil Rujeedawa ◽  
Eva Carrillo Félez ◽  
Isabel C. H. Clare ◽  
Juan Fortea ◽  
Andre Strydom ◽  
...  

The purpose of this review is to compare and highlight the clinical and pathological aspects of genetic versus acquired Alzheimer’s disease: Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease in (DSAD) and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) are compared with the late-onset form of the disease (LOAD). DSAD and ADAD present in a younger population and are more likely to manifest with non-amnestic (such as dysexecutive function features) in the prodromal phase or neurological features (such as seizures and paralysis) especially in ADAD. The very large variety of mutations associated with ADAD explains the wider range of phenotypes. In the LOAD, age-associated comorbidities explain many of the phenotypic differences.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Haass ◽  
Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Brigitte Nuscher ◽  
Nicolai Franzmeier ◽  
...  

Abstract Therapeutic modulation of TREM2-dependent microglial function provides an additional strategy to slow progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although studies on animal models suggest that TREM2 is protective, the trigger of increased TREM2 expression during disease progression and its clinical and pathological consequences in AD remain unclear. We measured longitudinally soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) as a surrogate marker for protective TREM2-signalling in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) observational study. In mutation carriers (MC), the longitudinal sTREM2 increase followed the earliest aggregation of Aβ42 captured by CSF-Aβ42 decrease, but not yet by Pittsburg compound-B Positron Emission Tomography (PiB-PET). Higher sTREM2 increase rates provided protection from Aβ-deposition, whereas lower rates enhanced p-tau increase associated with PiB-PET increase. Moreover, presymptomatic MC with high or low sTREM2 increase rates have opposite associations between CSF Aβ42 and PiB-PET longitudinal changes, suggesting that TREM2 modifies Aβ plaque deposition and compaction. Finally, higher sTREM2 increase rates protected from cortical shrinkage and cognitive decline. Our findings position the TREM2 response within the amyloid cascade right after the first pathological changes in Aβ42 aggregation, support ongoing efforts to develop TREM2 modulating therapies, and predict a very early window for therapeutic intervention.


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