Field canalization using anisotropic 2D plasmonics

Optical devices capable of suppressing diffraction nature of light are of great technological importance to many nanophotonic applications. One important technique to achieve diffractionless optics is to exploit field canalization effect. However, current technological platforms based on metamaterial structures typically suffer from strict loss-confinement trade-off, or lack dynamic reconfigurability over device operations. Here we report an integrated canalization platform that can alleviate this performance trade-off. It is found that by leveraging material absorption of anisotropic 2D materials, the dispersion of this class of materials can flatten without increasing propagation losses and compromising confinement. The realization of such plasmon canalization can be considered using black phosphorus (BP), where topological transition from elliptic to hyperbolic curves can be induced by dynamically leveraging material absorption of BP. At the transition point, BP film can support long range, deeply subwavelength, near-diffractionless field propagation, exhibiting diffraction angle of 5.5°, propagation distance of 10λspp, and λspp < λ0/300.

Ethics in Social Design: Definitions, Models, and Perspectives

We are witnessing a proliferation of design, collaborative technological platforms, websites, and networks dedicated to exchanging information of all kinds. These technologies have a positive role and promote social justice, equity, and the rapprochement of cultures. However, several researchers and civil community members wonder about the use of these technologies, the reasons beyond their emergence, and their designers. While technologies are at the forefront of global development, any system to function well needs a framework to support the experiences that would flow from their environment. In all human progress, some voices urge us to be cautious. Given the preponderance of technologies in our environment, what are the principles to regulate these ecosystems? Many studies have highlighted the moral and ethical issues related to the social use of information technology. There have been previous attempts towards finding ways to create suitable rules for these systems. This paper presumes that many of these conduct codes are more user-oriented, and very few are issued to regulate information technology professionals and designers. Therefore, it is urgent to find a way to design socio systems where several entities (organizations and individuals) can collaborate independently and responsibly on-site in their respective spheres on social projects. In this paper, we are trying to provide different perspectives and lines of thought for responsible and safe use of socio systems and collaborative technology platforms.

Digital diplomacy as a factor of ensuring the real sovereignty of Russia

Current transition processes have closely related with huge numbers of social spheres. The most significant transformations took place in the digital technology sphere. These trends have radically changed most spheres of life primarily including spread of information and communication technologies, civil services, diplomatic negotiations and promotion of state interests through "soft power". Importance of technologies as an element ensuring the sovereignty of states has increased due to involving information and communication technologies in daily people’s life and state management processes. The land, maritime, information and technological borders of sovereign states are actually blurred. The most advanced tech actors have opportunity to impose not only their own economic policy, making other countries dependent on high-tech products and its individual components, but also the information agenda. Nowadays social networks and technological platforms have almost gained the upper hand in competition with traditional mass media, both in terms of the speed of news distribution and audience coverage. This article is dedicated to the transformation processes in the digital, communication and technological spheres and potential impact of mentioned processes on the states sovereignty, Also the article reviews digital diplomacy as an element of "soft power" in promoting state interests abroad.

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN USING ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PLANNING (EAP) METHOD IN KELURAHAN SINDANGJAYA OFFICE MANDALAJATI DISTRICT BANDUNG CITY

In today's information era, the ability to do business or carry out activities is reliant on the availability of information technology is needed in most of the business sector. Along with the expansion of information technology, however, it frequently introduces new problems such as data redundancy, technological platforms, and excessive information technology spending. To avoid the problem that frequently happens, organizations require IS planning that may create alignment between IT and the business. Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a Zachman Framework-based Enterprise architecture methodology. The first stage is Planning Initialization, which aims to design information technology for the future utilizing the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) process (starting), second, we'll look at business modeling, systems, and present technology (where we are now) , third, data architecture, applications, and technology (recommendations), and fourth, implementation (Achievements). The existence of a recommendation or blueprint given to the Sindangjaya Ward Office is expected to solve in the resolution of problems at the ward office, and it is hoped that the method used can be applied and understood when the need for future development, particularly in the IT field.

Practicality, support or premeditated calculation in the digital age: the case of Ecuador

This paper aims to analyze the attitudes among young Ecuadorians with regard to processes of technological practicality. It seeks to identify the turning points in the decision-making process regarding the transfer of data and to examine the associated conceptual debate surrounding the role of related participants, such as governments, supranational organizations, transnational companies and end-users. Interviews were conducted with 299 university students in the city of Ambato, Ecuador, using quantitative techniques. The participants stated that they were aware of practicality but not of its effects and limitations, indicating that not everyone would be willing to give up part of their privacy in return for benefits in frequently used applications such as Facebook, WhatsApp or Netflix. Generally, participants felt dominated by technology, which often masks the processes of dependency associated with the costs and custody of data surrendered in exchange for a benefit. Issues of fairness and security in the treatment of data and the uneven coverage of services highlight a need for greater regulation of technological platforms.

Duality of Technology Nexus in Combating Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Support of Gender Mainstreaming

Gender equality plays a pivotal role in combating terrorism and violent extremist in the global arena. This chapter provides a brief overview of evolution, definition and overall goals of gender mainstreaming and analysis as a tool for understanding the unique needs of men and women to achieve gender equality at the institutional level by developing policies, implementing programs and reviewing security implications. Since the 21st-century battlefield is complex, kinetic and multi-dimensional, it requires a multi-disciplinary approach to find solutions to such issues. Using technological platforms, it is possible to supplement means to understand, foresight and address such complex dynamics. A focus on the duality of information technology and its interplay with social media for recruitment, preventing the spread of misinformation and even intercepting channels of communication, plays a vital role in combating terrorism and violent extremism. From a policy standpoint, offering education and training and providing easy access to information platforms along with other similar initiatives, will assist in gender equality and in development policies, programs and strategies.

RUV-III-NB: Normalization of single cell RNA-seq Data

Motivation: Despite numerous methodological advances, the normalization of single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data remains a challenging task. The performance of different methods can vary greatly across datasets. Part of the reason for this is the different kinds of unwanted variation, including library size, batch and cell cycle effects, and the association of these with the biology embodied in the cells. A normalization method that does not explicitly take into account cell biology risks removing some of the signal of interest. Here we propose RUV-III-NB, a statistical method that can be used to adjust counts for library size and batch effects. The method uses the concept of pseudo-replicates to ensure that relevant features of the unwanted variation are only inferred from cells with the same biology and return adjusted sequencing count as output. Results: Using five publicly available datasets that encompass different technological platforms, kinds of biology and levels of association between biology and unwanted variation, we show that RUV-III-NB manages to remove library size and batch effects, strengthen biological signals, improve differential expression analyses, and lead to results exhibiting greater concordance with independent datasets of the same kind. The performance of RUV-III-NB is consistent across the five datasets and is not sensitive to the number of factors assumed to contribute to the unwanted variation. It also shows promise for removing other kinds of unwanted variation such as platform effects. Availability: The method is implemented as a publicly available R package available from https://github.com/limfuxing/ruvIIInb. Contact: [email protected], [email protected] Supplementary information: Online Supplementary Methods

Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases

Pathogens of viral origin produce a large variety of infectious diseases in livestock. It is essential to establish the best practices in animal care and an efficient way to stop and prevent infectious diseases that impact animal husbandry. So far, the greatest way to combat the disease is to adopt a vaccine policy. In the fight against infectious diseases, vaccines are very popular. Vaccination's fundamental concept is to utilize particular antigens, either endogenous or exogenous to induce immunity against the antigens or cells. In light of how past emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics were handled, examining the vaccination methods and technological platforms utilized for the animals may provide some useful insights. New vaccine manufacturing methods have evolved because of developments in technology and medicine and our broad knowledge of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, and biochemistry, among other basic science disciplines. Genetic engineering, proteomics, and other advanced technologies have aided in implementing novel vaccine theories, resulting in the discovery of new ruminant vaccines and the improvement of existing ones. Subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and vectored vaccines are increasingly gaining scientific and public attention as the next generation of vaccines and are being seen as viable replacements to conventional vaccines. The current review looks at the effects and implications of recent ruminant vaccine advances in terms of evolving microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology.