Evaluation of Safety Label Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1632-1636
Author(s):  
Mila Sugovic ◽  
Ismail Nooraddini ◽  
Bohdana Sherehiy
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Safety Communication ◽  
Model C ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

The testing and evaluation of newly designed warnings or safety communications is of utmost importance so that consumers understand the hazards and act accordingly. This paper presents the theoretical model underlying the cognitive interviewing methodology and discusses the applicability of this method for evaluation of warning labels and safety communication. Cognitive Interviewing methodology provides the framework and methodology to systematically test and evaluate effectiveness of warning information processing at each of the stages described by the Communication-Human Information Processing Model (C-HIP). The paper concludes with a comparison of cognitive interviewing and focus group methodology in the evaluation of a warning label. The responses of ten participants in each of the two groups were analyzed to determine which method produced more useful data for safety label evaluation and redesign. The cognitive interviews yielded more detailed, relevant, and useful data than the focus group.

scholarly journals Privacy at a Glance: The User-Centric Design of Glanceable Data Exposure Visualizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daricia Wilkinson ◽  
Paritosh Bahirat ◽  
Moses Namara ◽  
Jing Lyu ◽  
Arwa Alsubhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Privacy Breaches ◽  
Model C ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Paternalistic Approach

AbstractSmartphone users are often unaware of mobile applications’ (“apps”) third-party data collection and sharing practices, which put them at higher risk of privacy breaches. One way to raise awareness of these practices is by providing unobtrusive but pervasive visualizations that can be presented in a glanceable manner. In this paper, we applied Wogalter et al.’s Communication-Human Information Processing model (C-HIP) to design and prototype eight different visualizations that depict smartphone apps’ data sharing activities. We varied the granularity and type (i.e., data-centric or app-centric) of information shown to users and used the screensaver/lock screen as a design probe. Through interview-based design probes with Android users (n=15), we investigated the aspects of the data exposure visualizations that influenced users’ comprehension and privacy awareness. Our results shed light on how users’ perceptions of privacy boundaries influence their preference regarding the information structure of these visualizations, and the tensions that exist in these visualizations between glanceability and granularity. We discuss how a pervasive, soft paternalistic approach to privacy-related visualization may raise awareness by enhancing the transparency of information flow, thereby, unobtrusively increasing users’ understanding of data sharing practices of mobile apps. We also discuss implications for privacy research and glanceable security.

scholarly journals What People Look at in Multimodal Online Dating Profiles: How Pictorial and Textual Cues Affect Impression Formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 009365022199531
Author(s):  
Tess van der Zanden ◽  
Maria B. J. Mos ◽  
Alexander P. Schouten ◽  
Emiel J. Krahmer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Multimodal Information ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Multimodal Information Processing ◽  
Textual Cues

This study investigates how online dating profiles, consisting of both pictures and texts, are visually processed, and how both components affect impression formation. The attractiveness of the profile picture was varied systematically, and texts either included language errors or not. By collecting eye tracking and perception data, we investigated whether picture attractiveness determines attention to the profile text and if the text plays a secondary role. Eye tracking results revealed that pictures are more likely to attract initial attention and that more attractive pictures receive more attention. Texts received attention regardless of the picture’s attractiveness. Moreover, perception data showed that both the pictorial and textual cues affect impression formation, but that they affect different dimensions of perceived attraction differently. Based on our results, a new multimodal information processing model is proposed, which suggests that pictures and texts are processed independently and lead to separate assessments of cue attractiveness before impression formation.

scholarly journals Examination of Driver Visual and Cognitive Responses to Billboard Elicited Passive Distraction Using Eye-Fixation Related Potential

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Wang ◽  
William Clifford ◽  
Charles Markham ◽  
Catherine Deegan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Eye Fixation

Distractions external to a vehicle contribute to visual attention diversion that may cause traffic accidents. As a low-cost and efficient advertising solution, billboards are widely installed on side of the road, especially the motorway. However, the effect of billboards on driver distraction, eye gaze, and cognition has not been fully investigated. This study utilises a customised driving simulator and synchronised electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking system to investigate the cognitive processes relating to the processing of driver visual information. A distinction is made between eye gaze fixations relating to stimuli that assist driving and others that may be a source of distraction. The study compares the driver’s cognitive responses to fixations on billboards with fixations on the vehicle dashboard. The measured eye-fixation related potential (EFRP) shows that the P1 components are similar; however, the subsequent N1 and P2 components differ. In addition, an EEG motor response is observed when the driver makes an adjustment of driving speed when prompted by speed limit signs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed measurement system is a valid tool in assessing driver cognition and suggests the cognitive level of engagement to the billboard is likely to be a precursor to driver distraction. The experimental results are compared with the human information processing model found in the literature.

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