scholarly journals Analysis of alerting system failures in commercial aviation accidents

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Mumaw
Keyword(s):  
Action Selection ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Alerting System ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Five Phases

The role of an alerting system is to make the system operator (e.g., pilot) aware of an impending hazard or unsafe state so the hazard can be avoided or managed successfully. A review of 46 commercial aviation accidents (between 1998 and 2014) revealed that, in the vast majority of events, either the hazard was not alerted or relevant hazard alerting occurred but failed to aid the flight crew sufficiently. For this set of events, alerting system failures were placed in one of five phases: Detection, Understanding, Action Selection, Prioritization, and Execution. This study also reviewed the evolution of alerting system schemes in commercial aviation, which revealed naïve assumptions about pilot reliability in monitoring flight path parameters; specifically, pilot monitoring was assumed to be more effective than it actually is. Examples are provided of the types of alerting system failures that have occurred, and recommendations are provided for alerting system improvements.

scholarly journals At the origins of the native medical aviation accidents study (to the 110th anniversary of the birth of A.G. Shishov)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
A A Blaginin ◽  
S V Afon’kin ◽  
O A Annenkov
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Psychophysiological State

The life and scientific path of Shishov Anatoly Grigoryevich - the founder of aviation medical avariology, the first chief of the Department of Aviation Medicine of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (1958-1965). A.G. Shishov is known for his work in the field of the study of causes, investigation and prevention of aviation accidents, professional selection of flight crew, medical and flight expertise, flight training simulators. A.G. Shishov justified the leading role of the «personal factor» in the development of aviation accidents. He introduced the practice of studying the psychophysiological state and individual characteristics of the personality of the pilot and increased the role of the aviation doctor in the investigation of aviation accidents to the status of a mandatory expert. A.G. Shishov developed an algorithm for the medical study of aviation accidents, incidents and erroneous actions of the flight crew, as well as a complex of medical measures for the prevention of accidents.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

The Least Developed Countries and Climate Change Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kameri-Mbote
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Five Phases

This chapter describes the roles of the forty-nine least developed countries (LDCs) in the international climate change regime and climate change law. It investigates the following questions: How has the historical role of the LDCs evolved in relation to the climate change regime? What are the key legal challenges facing these countries? In order to address these questions, this chapter examines the role of the LDCs through five phases of the climate negotiations thus far: Pre-1990 (Phase 1), 1990—1996 (Phase 2), 1997—2001 (Phase 3), 2001—2007 (Phase 4), and 2008—2013 (Phase 5). Together, they have contributed the least to the climate change problem, but experienced the highest climate change impacts, because of their higher levels of vulnerability and lower adaptive capacity. The chapter also discusses how the LDCs are caught in the cross-fire between the emerging economies, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and developed countries.

Rethinking high reliability in healthcare: The role of error management theory towards advancing high reliability organizing

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Oren Guttman ◽  
Joseph R Keebler ◽  
Elizabeth H Lazzara ◽  
William Daniel ◽  
Gary Reed
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Error Management ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
National Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Patient

US Healthcare, despite its exceptional technology and innovative treatments, is still unsafe and unreliable. It is estimated that medical errors account for an estimated 254,000 inpatient deaths a year and hold the distinction as the third leading cause of death in the US. Despite an aggressive national campaign set by organizations like the National Academy of Medicine, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the National Patient Safety Foundation, and the National Quality Forum, efforts to improve the quality and safety of US Healthcare have been unsuccessful, or at best, unsustainable at eliminating preventable patient harm. Historically, US Healthcare has turned to commercial aviation, nuclear energy, oil and gas, and other high reliability industries for lessons on how to avoid harm. In this paper, we join two pre-existing conceptual models: high reliability organizing and error management theory to propose a strategy for embedding and sustaining a preoccupation with failure and commitment to resilience within healthcare to advance a practical and disciplined focus to advance organizational high reliability.

Affordable and Reliable Avionics Architecture Design for Advanced Regional Turboprop Aircraft

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Toto Indriyanto ◽  
Hedi Hartalita
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Communication Course ◽  
Alerting System ◽  
Integrated Modular Avionics ◽  
Navigation Equipment

Integrated avionics architectures offer advantages such as higher flexibility, reliability, simplicity, future upgradeability and weight saving over previous federated designs. Successful implementations of integrated modular avionics (IMA) are onboard Boeing B777, B787, Airbus A380 and A350. These applications often result in development and maintenance cost not suitable for regional and general aviation aircraft. One popular approach to overcome this problem is by using integrated flight deck (IFD) supplied by avionics manufacturers such as Garmin or Honeywell. These manufacturers often optimize IFDs for applications in developed countries. For example, with the development and widespread use of satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) in the US, Canada and Europe, some terrestrial navigation equipment (e.g. ADF and DME) are no longer included in the standard IFD packages offered for commercial aviation. However, many areas in the rest of the world still use and rely largely on the availability of the ADF, DME, etc. Aircraft flying in these areas need to comply with the local requirements for terrestrial navigation systems already deployed. In this paper a study on the implementation of additional avionics equipment on Garmin G1000 for advanced regional turboprop aircraft is presented. G1000 is an integrated avionics system that integrates many electronic components including navigation, communication, course, attitude, display, etc. It has been widely used in all kinds of civil aviation aircraft. In order to conform to local and modern requirements, ADF receiver, DME transceiver, traffic alerting system and weather radar need to be integrated. Preliminary reliability analysis using fault tree method is performed for the designs to ascertain their safety as set out in the requirements for advanced regional turboprop aircraft.

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