VISUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF AUGMENTED REALITY OBJECTS, DEPENDING ON GEOINFORMATIONAL DATA

Отображение навигационной информации в виде проекции на лобовое стекло автомобиля или стекло мотошлема обеспечивает ее восприятие водителем без переключения внимания с дороги на приборную панель, тем самым повышая безопасность дорожного движения. Используемые в настоящее время технологии визуализации информации для навигационного оснащения автомобиля или мотоцикла достаточно дороги и мало распространены, поэтому создание простого и недорогого в разработке программного обеспечения с открытым кодом, повышающего эффективность обработки и отображения информации, представляется актуальным. Предложена архитектура построения подобной системы навигации с применением технологии подсказок водителю в виде объектов дополненной реальности и использованием открытых геоинформационных сервисов. Рассмотрены применяемые в технологии структуры и типы данных, а также возможный набор аппаратных средств визуализации навигационной информации. Алгоритмы визуализации динамических объектов дополненной реальности и обработки геоданных реализованы в программном коде на языке Python. Разработан интерактивный интерфейс, обладающий интегрированным эффектом от совмещения преимуществ навигационных систем и сервисов геоинформационных данных. Приведены результаты тестирования работы кода при визуализации направления движения по заданному маршруту в режиме реального времени Displaying navigation information in the form of a projection onto the windshield of a car or the glass of a motorcycle helmet ensures its perception by the driver without switching attention from the road to the dashboard, thereby increasing road safety. The currently used information visualization technologies for the navigation equipment of a car or motorcycle are quite expensive and not widely used, therefore, the creation of simple and inexpensive open-source software that increases the efficiency of information processing and display seems to be relevant. The article proposes an architecture for building such a navigation system using the technology of prompting the driver in the form of augmented reality objects and using open geoinformation services. We considered the structures and types of data used in technology, as well as a possible set of hardware for visualization of navigation information. We implemented algorithms for visualization of dynamic objects of augmented reality and processing of geodata in the program code in the Python language. We developed an interactive interface that has an integrated effect of combining the advantages of navigation systems and geoinformation data services. We give the results of testing the code when visualizing the direction of movement along a given route in real time

The effects of electronic navigation devices on marine accident occurrences

In recent years, maritime-related organizations and companies have moved to a risk-based approach. To determine the risks, it is necessary to understand comprehensively why accidents occur and how it develops. The most effective measures need to be identified to implement the accident prevention measures successfully. According to the results of scientific studies conducted in the past, 80% of human factors risks were effective in marine accidents. Nowadays, maritime technologies are the most effective method for reducing the risks of human factors. However, the use of electronic navigation devices has not eliminated accidents. In this study, the accident reports for collision and grounding due to the electronic navigation devices' risk was evaluated using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. As a result of the study, more than half of the visible (active) causes of accidents have been identified as operating failure factors in electronic navigation equipment. Recommendations to prevent the occurrence of accident factors have been made.

Matters of choosing the pixel size in topographic aerial photography

The existing regulatory documents on photogrammetric works are technologically outdated. They neither take into account the peculiarities of aerial photography with digital cameras, the navigation equipment used and modern image processing methods, nor regulate the technique of calculating the pixel size on the ground. In order to select the pixel size in the terrain for aerial photography with topographic requirements concerning to the results, the method of multivariate analysis of the input data is proposed. It is supposed to ensure the minimum pixel size on the ground according to such criteria as the accuracy of the aerial triangulation results, the accuracy of building a digital elevation model for orthotransformation, the possibility of the objects interpretation with a specified minimum size and consideration of camera exposure parameters. To determine the accuracy criteria, we used formulas for pre- calculation of spatial phototriangulation accuracy with multiple choice of parameters. Examples of pixel size selection in the terrain at designing aerial photography by an amateur camera for the purposes of large-scale mapping are considered. Conclusions on the necessity of solving the issues of selecting parameters of large scale aerial photography, taking into account multiple input data and used aerial survey equipment are made.

Novel approaches to the treatment of cervical dystonia. The concept of dual navigation control

Сervical dystonia (CD) is the most common type of focal dystonia (up to 50% of all dystonia cases). Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections is the treatment choice for CD. However, the effectiveness and tolerability of botulinum therapy in CD depends on the correct choice of target muscles and the accuracy of the BoNT injection. The publication presents literature data and our own clinical experience regarding the use of navigation in BoNT injections in CD.According to the majority of authors, the use of navigation equipment, such as ultrasound (US) and electromyography (EMG), definitely increases the effectiveness of CD treatment and reduces the likelihood of adverse events. For the first time, an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of CD is proposed, based on the use of the method of «double- (EMG and US) guided navigation», a variant for determining the comparative activity of muscles by the intensity of the EMG signal and the design of an individual «passport» of the CD. The possibilities of analyzing the US of muscles, drawing up an accurate treatment regimen, targeted administration of BoNT, and using a non-injectable EMG electrode are shown. We present 4 clinical cases demonstrating the advantages of the double- (EMG+US) guided navigation method over the EMG-guided navigation for injection. The proposed algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of CD makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment, optimize the costs of BoNT and diagnostic equipment (injection EMG needle).

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF GLONASS IN SOLVING SPECIAL PROBLEMS

Представлен обзор навигационной аппаратуры потребителей, предназначенной для решения специальных задач, которые в условиях бурного развития навигационных услуг вызывают широкий интерес как у гражданских, так и у военных заказчиков. Рассмотрены следующие специальные задачи: навигационное обслуживание строительства сложных высотных и протяженных объектов; надводная и подводная навигация судов, в том числе в Арктике; и подземная навигация. Показано, что в настоящее время решение этих задач достигло определенного успеха, но все еще остаются проблемы, которые требуют быстрого решения. The article presents an overview of consumer navigation equipment designed to solve special problems. The equipment in conditions of rapid development of navigation services is of wide interest to both civil and military customers. The following special tasks are considered: navigation maintenance of construction of complex high-rise and long facilities; surface and underwater navigation of ships, including in the Arctic region; and underground navigation. It is shown that at present the solution of these problems has achieved some success, but there are still unsolved problems that require a quick solution.

Methodology of determining of the transfer function of engagement kinematics of accelerations of an aircraft and its elliptic coordinates in alternative representation

In this work, simplified expressions have been obtained that describe the kinematics parameters of the aircraft movement and its accelerations. These expressions are needed to obtain an optimal linear control law in order to provide movement of the aircraft using the hyperbola guidance method with a time difference of arrival navigation system. The key feature of the hyperbola navigation method is the ability to reduce the number of navigation positions by one when the on-board navigation equipment operates in a passive mode, carrying out only the reception of navigation information, like consumers of satellite navigation information.

Navigation system for unmanned vessels using a navigation buoy

Nowadays the floating aids to navigation are being actively developed for remote control of the buoy location. The modern technical level allows building a buoy with the functions of monitoring the environment and transmitting the received information to coastal services. This task is becoming more urgent in connection with the development of unmanned vessels. The paper considers the results of field tests of an operating navigation buoy with special navigation equipment. The buoy is designed for information support during field tests of unmanned vessels and water transport facilities in the test water area in the Volga-Baltic basin of the inland waterways of the Russia Federation. Full-scale tests of special navigation equipment were carried out in accordance with the developed program and test procedure. The tests included the validation of the receipt of data from special navigation equipment to an external server via LTE mobile networks, assessment of the accuracy of positioning by means of navigation equipment, assessment of the percentage of data loss during transmission and validation of data visualization on an interactive map displayed in an Internet browser.

EXPERIENCE OF USING SIMULATOR TECHNOLOGIES IN FORMING COMPETENCIES TO FUTURE NAVIGATORS USING RADAR EQUIPMENT AND GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The article presents the generalization of the experience of using simulator technologies in forming the competence to future navigators regarding the use of radar equipment and global maritime communication system in case of disasters and to ensure safety.It has been found that the amendments made by the International Maritime Organization to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers have expanded the role of simulators in assessing the relevant competencies of maritime professionals. At the same time, it should be noted that logistical support of maritime higher educational institutions lags behind the requirements of modern shipping industry, the requirements of the seafarers’ labor market, and so on. It is a systemic problem that encompasses all levels of training and skills upgrading for shipping industry professionals. To solve the problem of improving the quality of professional training it has been proposed to carry out this process taking into account the principles of contextual approach, providing for the use of modern equipment and simulators, which departments and laboratories of maritime higher education institutions are equipped with. Training on simulators occupies a special place in the training of navigators, because it allows to exercise modeling of situations, which reproduce the conditions as close as possible to the real world. It is also important to include into the content of academic disciplines some components of simulator training on the formation and development of skills to work with electronic mapping systems, radio and electro-navigation equipment of ships, as well as skills associated with maritime safety (operation of fire-fighting equipment, rescue equipment, first aid on board ship, cargo operations with heavy cargo and containers, etc.). Each of these courses is taught in specialized laboratories equipped with the necessary simulation equipment in accordance with international requirements for training maritime professionals and the requirements of employers.