Three–Dimensional Computer Models of Man

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Rothwell ◽  
Dianne T. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Workplace Design ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

To assess the merit of using computer-aided design to model man in three dimensions, many potential problems and advantages must be considered. This paper addresses two related issues. First, it outlines several problems associated with obtaining information on the topic and second, it suggests several ways in which computer man-modelling is superior to traditional workplace design methods.

SAMMTB: A Computer Aided Design Tool for Ergonomists

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Case ◽  
J. Mark Porter ◽  
Maurice C. Bonney
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design System ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Machine Interaction

Sammie (System for Aiding Man-Machine Interaction Evaluation) is a Computer Aided Design system which provides facilities for ergonomics/human factors evaluation at the earliest stage in the design process. Workplaces, for example the interior of a vehicle or a supermarket checkout, are modelled in three dimensions and presented on a computer graphics screen. A range of techniques are available for interactively modifying the design and for an ergonomie evaluation at each stage by the use of a three-dimensional model of the human operator. This paper describes the facilities available and illustrates the system's usefulness by reference to examples taken from recent design assignments.

Constructive Geometry in Three Dimensions for Computer-Aided Design

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-816
Author(s):  
R. J. Sharpe ◽  
P. J. Thomas ◽  
R. W. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design System ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

Three dimensional construction techniques are described along with the detailed description of several derivations. The resultant algorithms allow construction of points, lines, and conics directly in 3-space. These pieces of geometry are constructed relative to existing lines, conics, and splines which are represented as parametric rational cubics. The generality of these algorithms allows a single routine to handle construction relative to all curve types in the system. This characteristic reduces the amount of code and thus the implementation and maintenance costs of the CAD system. These techniques are being incorporated into a Computer-Aided Design system.

scholarly journals Automatized Evaluation of Students’ CAD Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Nenad Bojcetic ◽  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Dragan Zezelj ◽  
Tomislav Martinec
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Computer Solution ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Aided Design

The article describes an attempt to address the automatized evaluation of student three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) models. The driving idea was conceptualized under the restraints of the COVID pandemic, driven by the problem of evaluating a large number of student 3D CAD models. The described computer solution can be implemented using any CAD computer application that supports customization. Test cases showed that the proposed solution was valid and could be used to evaluate many students’ 3D CAD models. The computer solution can also be used to help students to better understand how to create a 3D CAD model, thereby complying with the requirements of particular teachers.

Determination of the Workspace of a Three-Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator Using a Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided-Design Software Package and the Concept of Virtual Chains1

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Johnson ◽  
Xianwen Kong ◽  
James Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Parallel Manipulator ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Workspace Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

The determination of workspace is an essential step in the development of parallel manipulators. By extending the virtual-chain (VC) approach to the type synthesis of parallel manipulators, this technical brief proposes a VC approach to the workspace analysis of parallel manipulators. This method is first outlined before being illustrated by the production of a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided-design (CAD) model of a 3-RPS parallel manipulator and evaluating it for the workspace of the manipulator. Here, R, P and S denote revolute, prismatic and spherical joints respectively. The VC represents the motion capability of moving platform of a manipulator and is shown to be very useful in the production of a graphical representation of the workspace. Using this approach, the link interferences and certain transmission indices can be easily taken into consideration in determining the workspace of a parallel manipulator.

scholarly journals Development of integrated intelligent computer-aided design system for mechanical power-transmitting mechanism design

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401771038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isad Saric ◽  
Adil Muminovic ◽  
Mirsad Colic ◽  
Senad Rahimic
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Design System ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Intelligent Computer

This article presents architecture of integrated intelligent computer-aided design system for designing mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms (IICADkmps). The system has been developed in C# program environment with the aim of automatising the design process. This article presents a modern, automated approach to design. Developed kmps modules for calculation of geometrical and design characteristics of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms are described. Three-dimensional geometrical parameter modelling of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms was performed in the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing/computer-aided engineering system CATIA V5. The connection between kmps calculation modules and CATIA V5 modelling system was established through initial three-dimensional models – templates. The outputs from the developed IICADkmps system generated final three-dimensional virtual models of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms. Testing of the developed IICADkmps system was performed on friction, belt, cogged (spur and bevel gears) and chain transmitting mechanisms. Also, connection of the developed IICADkmps system with a device for rapid prototyping and computer numerical control machines was made for the purpose of additional testing and verification of practical use. Physical prototypes of designed characteristic elements of mechanical power-transmitting mechanisms were manufactured. The selected test three-dimensional virtual prototypes, obtained as an output from the developed IICADkmps system, were manufactured on the device for rapid prototyping (three-dimensional colour printer Spectrum Z510) and computer numerical control machines. Finally, at the end of the article, conclusions and suggested possible directions of further research, based on theoretical and practical research results, are presented.

Recognising Facial Surfaces

Perception ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Bruce ◽  
Patrick Healey ◽  
Mike Burton ◽  
Tony Doyle ◽  
Anne Coombes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Matching Accuracy ◽  
The People ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
The Face ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Dimensional Surface

The extent to which faces depicted as surfaces devoid of pigmentation and with minimal texture cues (‘head models’) could be matched with photographs (when unfamiliar) and identified (when familiar) was examined in three experiments. The head models were obtained by scanning the three-dimensional surface of the face with a laser, and by displaying the surface measured in this way by using standard computer-aided design techniques. Performance in all tasks was above chance but far from ceiling. Experiment 1 showed that matching of unfamiliar head models with photographs was affected by the resolution with which the surface was displayed, suggesting that subjects based their decisions, at least in part, on three-dimensional surface structure. Matching accuracy was also affected by other factors to do with the viewpoints shown in the head models and test photographs, and the type of lighting used to portray the head model. In experiment 2 further evidence for the importance of the nature of the illumination used was obtained, and it was found that the addition of a hairstyle (not that of the target face) did not facilitate matching. In experiment 3 identification of the head models by colleagues of the people shown was compared with identification of photographs where the hair was concealed and eyes were closed. Head models were identified less well than these photographs, suggesting that the difficulties in their recognition are not solely due to the lack of hair. Women's heads were disproportionately difficult to recognise from the head models. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the use of such three-dimensional head models in forensic and surgical applications.

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