Human Performance in Space

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369
Author(s):  
David M. Regal
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Long Duration

Space provides a unique living and working environment. Humans in space are, in many respects, different creatures than their Earth-bound counterparts (e.g., they float). If we want to design an environment that makes our astronauts as efficient and productive as possible we must design for their capabilities as they exist in space. In this paper I first describe some of the ways in which human capabilities in space are different from those on Earth. I then discuss psychological and social factors that can affect crew performance on long-duration space missions.

A Study and Review of Human Response to Prolonged Random Vibration

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hornick ◽  
Norman M. Lefritz
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Random Vibration ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Vibration Characteristic ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Low Altitude

This article describes a study conducted to determine the effects of long duration, random vibration—characteristic of low-altitude high-speed (LAHS) flight aircraft—on human performance, physiological, biodynamic, and tolerance responses. Ten subjects experienced 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 RMS g with a shaped power spectral density from 1 to 12 cps while engaging in LAHS control tasks. Simulation runs were of 5 hours duration, with the centermost 4 hours under dynamic conditions. Results of this experiment are related to those of other studies which had the same general objectives in order to provide a brief review and summary about what is known regarding human capabilities for LAHS flight.

Towards the Affective Cognition Approach to Human Performance in Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-534
Author(s):  
Nicola Mammarella
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Dynamic Relation ◽  
Interesting Pattern

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades, there has been investigation into the effects of microgravity and microgravity-like environments on cognition and emotion separately. Here we highlight the need of focusing on emotion-cognition interactions as a framework for explaining cognitive performance in space. In particular, by referring to the affective cognition hypothesis, the significant interplay between emotional variables and cognitive processing in space is briefly analyzed. Altogether, this approach shows an interesting pattern of data pointing to a dynamic relation that may be sensitive to microgravity. The importance of examining interactions between emotion and cognition for space performance remains fundamental (e.g., stress-related disorders) and deserves further attention. This approach is ultimately interesting considering the potential effects that microgravity may play on human performance during long-term space missions and on return to Earth.Mammarella N. Towards the affective cognition approach to human performance in space. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):532–534.

Жизнеобеспечение экипажа пилотируемого космического объекта, проблемы управления

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Boris F. ZARETSKIY ◽  
Arkadiy S. GUZENBERG ◽  
Igor A. SHANGIN
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Life Support Systems ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Space Life Support

Life support for first manned spaceflights was based on supplies of consumables. Crew life support systems based on supplies of water and oxygen, in spite of their simplicity, are extremely inefficient in orbital space missions and are unfeasible in deep space missions because of mass and volume constraints. Therefore, there are currently developed and are to be used on space stations the life support systems that are based on chemical and physical regeneration of water and oxygen extracted from human waste. In view of further advances in long-duration orbital stations, and the prospects of establishment of planetary outposts and deep space exploration, the problem of constructing an automated system for controlling a suite of regenerative LSS becomes urgent. The complexity of solving the problem of constructing an efficient control system in this case owes to the existence of a large number of effectiveness criteria. The paper proposes a system of consolidated global efficiency criteria, which allows to break up this problem into a series of sub-problems of optimization in order to solve this problem. The proposed criteria are longevity, cost, comfort. The paper presents a series of specific examples of using the proposed principles with necessary generalizations. Key words: space life support systems, atmosphere revitalization equipment, automated control system, global generalized efficiency criteria, longevity, cost, comfort.

CHANGES IN BLOOD PROTEOME OF COSMONAUTS WITH MICRO- AND MACROVASCULAR INJURIES DUE TO G-LOADS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF LONG-DURATION SPACE MISSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
L.Kh. Pastushkova ◽  
◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Integrated Response

The integrated response of the human proteome to re-entry g-loads following long-term space missions was studied in 13 male cosmonauts at the age of 44 ± 6 years. Examination at the landing site discovered local petechial hemorrhages into soft tissues of the back and lower legs. The paper presents a new approach to evaluation of petechia and soft tissue hemorrhages in cosmonauts on return to Earth. Proteomic analysis was performed with the use of LC-MS. Bioinformation analysis was made using Perseus, PubMed, Uniprot and ANDSystem software. Nine out of 19 significantly different (p < 0.05) proteins were related to vascular injuries directly. We described proteins with a primarily protecting effect against endothelial cells apoptosis and augmentation of vascular permeability, proteins that are responsible for blood rheology and proteins antagonistic to the main triggers of ischeamia-reperfusion injuries of the lungs, liver and other parenchymal organs.

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