The Effect of Increasing Task Complexity on the Field-of-View Requirements for a Visually Coupled System

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell J. Wells ◽  
Michael Venturino
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Search Performance

Ten subjects performed a task on a head-coupled simulator using various sized fields-of-view (FOVs). The task required them to visually acquire, remember the location of, monitor and shoot 3 or 6 objects. In addition they were required to perform a secondary tracking task. Performance at monitoring and shooting the objects decreased with decreasing FOV size and increasing number of objects. Secondary task performance also decreased with decreasing FOV. The ability to recall the location of objects was unaffected by changes in FOV size. However, tracking performance was degraded while subjects used smaller FOVS to find and learn the location of objects. The results indicate that although visual search performance can be maintained with small FOVs, it is done in a manner which may compromise performance at other tasks.

scholarly journals Granulated Rest Frames Outperform Field of View Restrictors on Visual Search Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekun Cao ◽  
Jeronimo Grandi ◽  
Regis Kopper
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Circular Cutout ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Peripheral Awareness

Dynamic field of view (FOV) restrictors have been successfully used to reduce visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) during continuous viewpoint motion control (virtual travel) in virtual reality (VR). This benefit, however, comes at the cost of losing peripheral awareness during provocative motion. Likewise, the use of visual references that are stable in relation to the physical environment, called rest frames (RFs), has also been shown to reduce discomfort during virtual travel tasks in VR. We propose a new RF-based design called Granulated Rest Frames (GRFs) with a soft-edged circular cutout in the center that leverages the rest frames’ benefits without completely blocking the user’s peripheral view. The GRF design is application-agnostic and does not rely on context-specific RFs, such as commonly used cockpits. We report on a within-subjects experiment with 20 participants. The results suggest that, by strategically applying GRFs during a visual search session in VR, we can achieve better item searching efficiency as compared to restricted FOV. The effect of GRFs on reducing VIMS remains to be determined by future work.

Covert Visual Search

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Engelke ◽  
Andreas Duenser ◽  
Anthony Zeater
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
Guided Search

Selective attention is an important cognitive resource to account for when designing effective human-machine interaction and cognitive computing systems. Much of our knowledge about attention processing stems from search tasks that are usually framed around Treisman's feature integration theory and Wolfe's Guided Search. However, search performance in these tasks has mainly been investigated using an overt attention paradigm. Covert attention on the other hand has hardly been investigated in this context. To gain a more thorough understanding of human attentional processing and especially covert search performance, the authors have experimentally investigated the relationship between overt and covert visual search for targets under a variety of target/distractor combinations. The overt search results presented in this work agree well with the Guided Search studies by Wolfe et al. The authors show that the response times are considerably more influenced by the target/distractor combination than by the attentional search paradigm deployed. While response times are similar between the overt and covert search conditions, they found that error rates are considerably higher in covert search. They further show that response times between participants are stronger correlated as the search task complexity increases. The authors discuss their findings and put them into the context of earlier research on visual search.

Gender Differences in Response to Ambient Color, Task Complexity and Presence of Evaluative Others

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-594
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Pursuit Tracking ◽  
Versus Complex ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Female Subjects

Sixty-four male and thirty-two female subjects each performed a CRT pursuit tracking task in one of the eight conditions created by combinations of task difficulty (simple versus complex), evaluative audience presence versus absence, and wall color (red versus green). Females recorded significantly higher error scores, were less aroused and more sensitive to ambient color than were their male counterparts. Further, audience presence was found to enhance male and impair female tracking performance. Results suggest that differentials in subject motivation may have affected the present research.

Rapid Communication Display Technology Efficiency in a Multi-Task Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Swierenga Osgood ◽  
Kenneth R. Boff ◽  
Rebecca S. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Rapid Communication ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Task Conditions

The present study examined the advantage of Rapid Communication (RAP-COM) Display Technology over conventional spatially arrayed displays in the context of secondary task demands. This research represents an early step in assessing the use of RAP-COM display techniques in multi-task environments. Eight subjects were instructed to respond to briefly presented visual stimuli, while concurrently performing an unstable tracking task at two levels of difficulty. Duration thresholds, obtained using a moment-to-moment adaptive tracking performance procedure, were collected for RAP-COM and spatially arrayed displays while RMS error scores were collected from the unstable tracking task performance. Information transfer rates for the RAP-COM technique were faster than for the spatially distributed array under both the single and dual task conditions. Regardless of secondary tracking task difficulty, subjects were able to maintain primary task performance levels on RAP-COM and spatial display tasks, although a decrement in tracking performance was seen.

Cognitive Processes in Visual Search

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
John R. Bloomfield ◽  
John A. Modrick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Variable Field

This approach to visual search introduces the concepts of organization, variable field of view and congratulation. It builds upon ideas developed in glimpse/detection lobe models of visual search. It suggests experiments that go beyond an assessment of variables that affect visual search performance, in the hope that these will eventually lead to a comprehensive cognitive theory of visual search.

Secondary Visual Workload Capability with Primary Visual and Kinesthetic-Tactual Displays

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Richard D. Gilson ◽  
Michael W. Burke ◽  
Richard J. Jagacinski
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Adaptive Tracking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Display ◽  
Performance Comparisons

Subjects performed a cross-adaptive tracking task with a visual secondary display and either a visual or a quickened kinesthetic-tactual (K-T) primary display. The quickened K-T display resulted in superior secondary task performance. Comparisons of secondary workload capability with integrated and separated visual displays indicated that the superiority of the quickened K-T display was not simply due to the elimination of visual scanning. When subjects did not have to perform a secondary task, there was no significant difference between visual and quickened K-T displays in performing a critical tracking task.

scholarly journals Periodic attention operates faster during more complex visual search

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garance Merholz ◽  
Laetitia Grabot ◽  
Rufin VanRullen ◽  
Laura Dugué
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAttention has been found to sample visual information periodically, in a wide range of frequencies below 20 Hz. This periodicity may be supported by brain oscillations at corresponding frequencies. We propose that part of the discrepancy in periodic frequencies observed in the literature is due to differences in attentional demands, resulting from heterogeneity in tasks performed. To test this hypothesis, we used visual search and manipulated task complexity, i.e., target discriminability (high, medium, low) and number of distractors (set size), while electro-encephalography was simultaneously recorded. We replicated previous results showing that the phase of pre-stimulus low-frequency oscillations predicts search performance. Crucially, such effects were observed at increasing frequencies within the theta-alpha range (6-18 Hz) for decreasing target discriminability. In medium and low discriminability conditions, correct responses were further associated with higher post-stimulus phase-locking than incorrect ones, in increasing frequency and latency. Finally, the larger the set size, the later the post-stimulus effect peaked. Together, these results suggest that increased complexity (lower discriminability or larger set size) requires more attentional cycles to perform the task, partially explaining discrepancies between reports of attentional sampling. Low-frequency oscillations structure the temporal dynamics of neural activity and aid top-down, attentional control for efficient visual processing.

The Effects of Spatial Auditory Preview on Dynamic Visual Search Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (23) ◽  
pp. 1227-1231
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Elias
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Visual Targets

Since the auditory system is not spatially restricted like the visual system, spatial auditory cues can provide information regarding object position, velocity, and trajectory beyond the field of view. A laboratory experiment was conducted to demonstrate that visual displays can be augmented with dynamic spatial auditory cues that provide information regarding the motion characteristics of unseen objects. In this study, dynamic spatial auditory cues presented through headphones conveyed preview information regarding target position, velocity, and trajectory beyond the field of view in a dynamic visual search task in which subjects acquired and identified moving visual targets that traversed a display cluttered with varying numbers of moving distractors. The provision of spatial auditory preview significantly reduced response times to acquire and identify the visual targets and significantly reduced error rates, especially in cases when the visual display load was high. These findings demonstrate that providing dynamic spatial auditory preview cues is a viable mechanism for augmenting visual search performance in dynamic task environments.

Eye Activity Correlates of Fatigue during a Visual Tracking Task

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl F. Van Orden ◽  
Tzyy-Ping Jung ◽  
Scott Makeig
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated

Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Five subjects demonstrated considerable variations in performance level within two 53-min testing sessions during which continuous video-based eye activity measures were obtained. For each subject, moving estimates of blink duration and frequency, fixation duration and frequency, and mean pupil diameter from one session were used to train an artificial neural network to produce moving estimates of changes in mean tracking performance during the same session. Applied to eye tracking data from a second session, the same networks produced moving estimates of tracking performance that were highly correlated with actual performance changes ( R2=0.65, range 0.30–0.89 across ten sessions). The results suggest that information from multiple eye measures may be combined to produce individualized and accurate estimates of sub-minute scale changes in alertness during continuous task performance.

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