How AI founders on adversarial landscapes of fog and friction

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292096222
Author(s):  
Rodrick Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Internal Information

Formal analysis, based on the asymptotic limit theorems of control and information theories, uncovers sufficient conditions for punctuated failure across the full spectrum of real-time cognitive process – essentially a generalization of the Yerkes-Dodson law – challenging recent assertions that instabilities in AI deep learning paradigms can be easily remedied, permitting their use in real-world critical systems. A temperature analog for cognition that is itself an order parameter is determined by rates of internal information transmission, sensory or intelligence input, and material resource availability. Phase transitions driven by the synergisms of such parameters express symmetry-breaking changes in groupoids characteristic of cognition at and across scales and levels of organization, significantly extending models abducted from physical theory. No modifications of current – or future – AI or other cognitive systems can or will be immune to failure when facing sophisticated adversarial challenge under conditions of friction and the fog-of-war. We indicate how to reconfigure these results for study of long-term conflict on ‘Sun Zu Landscapes’ of deception, deceit, and subtle influence under Lamarckian selection.

Formal Verification of Control System Software

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Loïc Garoche
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Formal Verification ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
System Software ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Verification Techniques

The verification of control system software is critical to a host of technologies and industries, from aeronautics and medical technology to the cars we drive. The failure of controller software can cost people their lives. This book provides control engineers and computer scientists with an introduction to the formal techniques for analyzing and verifying this important class of software. Too often, control engineers are unaware of the issues surrounding the verification of software, while computer scientists tend to be unfamiliar with the specificities of controller software. The book provides a unified approach that is geared to graduate students in both fields, covering formal verification methods as well as the design and verification of controllers. It presents a wealth of new verification techniques for performing exhaustive analysis of controller software. These include new means to compute nonlinear invariants, the use of convex optimization tools, and methods for dealing with numerical imprecisions such as floating point computations occurring in the analyzed software. As the autonomy of critical systems continues to increase—as evidenced by autonomous cars, drones, and satellites and landers—the numerical functions in these systems are growing ever more advanced. The techniques presented here are essential to support the formal analysis of the controller software being used in these new and emerging technologies.

Credibility Trap: Japan today and China tomorrow

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Kensei Hiwaki ◽  
Junie Tong
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This article provides a theoretical framework for a long-term socioeconomic lethargy (Credibility Trap) that results from the liquidation of holistic society-specific culture. As for example, it deals with the cases of Japan today and China tomorrow, elaborating on the slight of their respective society-specific cultures in a century-long process of “modernization”. The present theoretical framework primarily consists of three pivotal concepts, viz., Credibility Trap, society-specific cultures (Cultures) and market fundamentalism (Market), which facilitates a clear, concise and effective argument that the liquidation of their respective holistic Cultures may intimately relate to their actual and potential socioeconomic lethargy. Also, the present article concentrates on the elaboration of some promising avenues for prevention and cure of Credibility Trap. Such avenues comprise the necessary and sufficient conditions for a balanced socioeconomic development; a theoretical framework for a perpetual “virtuous” circle among cultural enrichment, comprehensive human development and balanced socioeconomic development; and a normative framework of multi-faceted value enhancement for vitality augmentation and cultural enrichment within a society.

2005 Verriest Medal awarded to Professor John D. Mollon

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. ii-ii
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Visual Neuroscience ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Color Vision Tests ◽  
Spectral Coding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The International Colour Vision Society awarded the 2005 Verriest Medal to John D. Mollon, Professor of Visual Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, UK. This award is bestowed by the Society to honor long-term contributions to the field of color vision. If the field of color vision were itself a rainbow, then Professor Mollon's contributions cover nearly its full spectrum, including the isolation and elucidation of basic chromatic coding mechanisms and the constraints that they impose on human (and more generally primate) visual performance, the genetic basis of spectral coding mechanisms, the ecological influences on and evolutionary origins of chromatic discrimination. He has been instrumental in the design of several new color vision tests and has extensively exploited abnormal models, both congenital and acquired, to further our understanding of normal mechanisms. He is especially appreciated for his keen and profound sense of the history of science, in particular with respect to the field of color vision. He has been a member of the society for over 25 years and is currently serving on its board of directors. He organized the 2001 ICVS meeting in Cambridge, celebrating the bicentennial of Thomas Young's lecture on color vision.

Embedded renewal processes in the GI/G/s queue

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward Whitt
Keyword(s):  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Interarrival Time ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Positive Probability ◽  
Functional Limit ◽  
Light Traffic ◽  
Functional Limit Theorems ◽  
Cumulative Processes ◽  
Rule Out

The stable GI/G/s queue (ρ < 1) is sometimes studied using the “fact” that epochs just prior to an arrival when all servers are idle constitute an embedded persistent renewal process. This is true for the GI/G/1 queue, but a simple GI/G/2 example is given here with all interarrival time and service time moments finite and ρ < 1 in which, not only does the system fail to be empty ever with some positive probability, but it is never empty. Sufficient conditions are then given to rule out such examples. Implications of embedded persistent renewal processes in the GI/G/1 and GI/G/s queues are discussed. For example, functional limit theorems for time-average or cumulative processes associated with a large class of GI/G/s queues in light traffic are implied.

Local limit theorems for generalized scheme of allocation of particles into ordered cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-307
Author(s):  
Aleksandr N. Timashev
Keyword(s):  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Local Limit ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Normal Law ◽  
Local Limit Theorems ◽  
Generalized Scheme

Abstract A generalized scheme of allocation of n particles into ordered cells (components). Some statements containing sufficient conditions for the weak convergence of the number of components with given cardinality and of the total number of components to the negative binomial distribution as n → ∞ are presented as hypotheses. Examples supporting the validity of these statements in particular cases are considered. For some examples we prove local limit theorems for the total number of components which partially generalize known results on the convergence of this distribution to the normal law.

scholarly journals Limit theorems for some continuous-time random walks

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jara ◽  
T. Komorowski
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Quantum Transport ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Continuous Time Random Walks ◽  
Quantum Transport Theory

In this paper we consider the scaled limit of a continuous-time random walk (CTRW) based on a Markov chain {Xn,n≥ 0} and two observables, τ(∙) andV(∙), corresponding to the renewal times and jump sizes. Assuming that these observables belong to the domains of attraction of some stable laws, we give sufficient conditions on the chain that guarantee the existence of the scaled limits for CTRWs. An application of the results to a process that arises in quantum transport theory is provided. The results obtained in this paper generalize earlier results contained in Becker-Kern, Meerschaert and Scheffler (2004) and Meerschaert and Scheffler (2008), and the recent results of Henry and Straka (2011) and Jurlewicz, Kern, Meerschaert and Scheffler (2010), where {Xn,n≥ 0} is a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables.

Long-term temporal structure analysis of sediment fluxes in the Upper Changjiang (Yangtze River) using a wavelet transformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Garijo ◽  
Carmelo Juez ◽  
Marwan Hassan ◽  
Estela Nadal-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Sediment Fluxes

&lt;p&gt;Temporal fluctuations of suspended sediment fluxes are highly related with the flow and sediment regime of river networks. Flow dynamics are mainly triggered by climatic forces. Conversely, sediment regime is majorly controlled by land cover/land use changes and by human infrastructures (e.g. dams). Resulting sediment fluxes thus show a non-linear and non-stationary nature.&amp;#160; The wavelet transformation technique emerges as a skilful tool capable of dealing with this type of data. It allows to distinguish within the full spectrum of time-scales, those which are dominant and thus govern the overall trend of the time-series. Furthermore, the temporal multiresolution wavelet technique allows to accurately denoise the discharge and SSC time-series, filtering out the high frequency intermittent physical processes which are superimposed on the main signal. In this research, we analyse a long-term dataset of discharge and sediment fluxes time-series for the Upper Changjiang (Yangtze River, China).&lt;/p&gt;

Abstract TP379: “Build It and They Will Come”: How Comprehensive Stroke Certification Increases the Number of Transfers

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Level Of Care ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
High Level

Introduction/Background: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability affecting 800,000 people in the U.S. each year. In September 2012 The Joint Commission, in collaboration with the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association’s Brain Attack Coalition, launched the Advanced Certification for Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs). This new level of certification recognizes the significant resources in staff and training that comprehensive stroke centers must have to treat complex stroke. Certification is available only to comprehensive stroke centers in Joint Commission-accredited acute care hospitals. For CSC eligibility, there are numerous requirements and volumes that must be met. The most complicated stroke cases should be treated at the centers best equipped to provide specialized care that lead to better outcomes. Cedar-Sinai became the 4 th program in the nation to receive this prestigious certification. By providing expert care, numerous clinical trials, and high level treatment and procedures, we have become the center of choice for patients in need of a higher level of care. Research Question: Does comprehensive stroke certification lead to an increased number of transfers for higher level of care? Methods: Retrospective analysis of the number of acute strokes transferred to Cedars-Sinai between the first years of Comprehensive Stroke Certification in 2012 through 2015. Results: 2012 yielded a total transfer of 97 patients. In 2015 the volume had risen to 194, a 50% increase in 4 years. It is important to note that in 2014, 4 patients were transferred post TPA infusion (Drip and Ship), the gold standard for treatment of ischemic stroke. 2015 resulted in 25 such transfers, a six fold increase. Conclusion: The full spectrum and coordination of services that a CSC is equipped to provide contributes to increased access of specialized care for complex stroke patients. This in turn leads to better outcomes. This not only translates to delivery of timely optimal treatment for stroke patients, but also increases our expertise in delivery of this care.

Recycled Nutrients Supply Phosphorus and Improve Ryegrass Yields on Phosphorus Depleted Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nicksy ◽  
Brian Amiro ◽  
Martin Entz
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Food System ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Recycling phosphorus (P) within the food system is fundamental to long-term sustainability. This greenhouse study compared three sources of recycled P – struvite precipitated from municipal wastewater, black soldier fly frass from food waste, and anaerobic digestate of food waste – to mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), compost, and a control. Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was harvested four times during a 123 day trial from a P-depleted soil. In nitrogen (N) sufficient conditions, all amendments significantly increased cumulative ryegrass yields compared to the control, and were not significantly different from MAP. Relative P supply was frass=MAP>struvite>= compost>=digestate>>control. The recycled nutrient sources tested show promise as sustainable P sources.

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