Abnormalities of Alpha Activity in Frontocentral Region of the Brain as a Biomarker to Diagnose Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khaleghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Mahdi Moeini ◽  
Hadi Zarafshan ◽  
Mahbod Fadaei Fooladi
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Alpha Oscillation ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Objectives. To investigate brain abnormalities in adolescents with new-onset bipolar disorder (BD) during acute hypomanic and depressive episodes using electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis and to derive a computer-based method for diagnosis of the disorder. Methods. EEG spectral power and entropy of 21 adolescents with BD (included 11 patients in the hypomanic episode and 10 patients in the depressive episode) and 18 healthy adolescents were compared. Moreover, using significant differences and K-nearest-neighbors (KNN) classifier, it was attempted to distinguish the BD adolescents from normal ones. Results. The BD adolescents had higher values of spectral power in all frequency bands, particularly in the frontocentral, mid-temporal, and right parietal regions. Also, spectral entropy had significantly increased in delta, alpha, and gamma frequency bands for BD. A high accuracy of 95.8% was achieved by all significant differences in the alpha band in discriminating adolescents with BD. The depressive state showed higher values of spectral power and entropy in low-frequency bands (delta and theta) compared to the hypomanic state. Conclusion. Based on BD symptoms, especially inattention, increased alpha power is a rational finding which is associated with thalamus dysfunction. Thus, it seems that EEG alpha oscillation is the main source of abnormality in BD. Furthermore, EEG slowing in the depressive episode is related to inhibition of electrical activity and reduced cognitive functions.

scholarly journals In search of Universal Cortical Power Changes Linked to NMDA-Antagonist based Anesthetic Induced Reductions in Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Pelentritou ◽  
Levin Kuhlmann ◽  
John Cormack ◽  
Steven Mcguigan ◽  
Will Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

B. AbstractBackground.Despite their intriguing nature, investigations of the neurophysiology of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-antagonists Xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are limited and have revealed inconsistent frequency-dependent alterations, in spectral power and functional connectivity. Discrepancies are likely due to using low resolution electroencephalography restricted to sensor level changes, concomitant anesthetic agent administration and dosage. Our intention was to describe the effects of equivalent stepwise levels of Xe and N2O administration on oscillatory source power using a crossover design, to explore universal mechanisms of NMDA-based anesthesia.Methods.22 healthy males participated in a study of simultaneous magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography recordings. In separate sessions, equivalent subanesthetic doses of gaseous anesthetic agents N2O and Xe (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 equi MAC-awake) and 1.30 MAC-awake Xe (for Loss of Responsiveness) were administered. Source power in various frequency bands was computed and statistically assessed relative to a conscious baseline.Results.Delta (l-4Hz) and theta (4-8Hz) band power was significantly increased at the highest Xe concentration (42%, 1.30 MAC-awake) relative to baseline for both magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography source power (p<0.005). A reduction in frontal alpha (8-13 Hz) power was observed upon N2O administration, and shown to be stronger than equivalent Xe dosage reductions (p=0.005). Higher frequency activity increases were observed in magnetoencephalographic but not encephalographic signals for N2O alone with occipital low gamma (30-49Hz) and widespread high gamma (51-99Hz) rise in source power.Conclusions.Magnetoencephalography source imaging revealed unequivocal and widespread power changes in dissociative anesthesia, which were divergent to source electroencephalography. Loss of Responsiveness anesthesia at 42% Xe (1.30 MAC-awake) demonstrated, similar to inductive agents, low frequency power increases in frontal delta and global theta. N2O sedation yielded a rise in high frequency power in the gamma range which was primarily occipital for lower gamma bandwidth (3049 Hz) and substantially decreased alpha power, particularly in frontal regions.Clinical trial number and Registry URLNot applicable.Prior PresentationsPelentritou Andria, Kuhlmann Levin; Lee Heonsoo; Cormack John; Mcguigan Steven; Woods Will; Sleigh Jamie; Lee UnCheol; Muthukumaraswamy Suresh; Liley David. Searching For Universal Cortical Power Changes Linked To Anesthetic Induced Reductions In Consciousness. The Science of Consciousness April 4th2018. Tucson, Arizona, USA.Summary StatementNot applicable.

scholarly journals Theta- and gamma-band oscillatory uncoupling in the macaque hippocampus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Abbaspoor ◽  
Ahmed Hussin ◽  
Kari L Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Active Exploration ◽  
Field Coherence

Nested hippocampal oscillations in the rodent gives rise to temporal coding that may underlie learning, memory, and decision making. Theta/gamma coupling in rodent CA1 occurs during exploration and sharp-wave ripples during quiescence. Whether these oscillatory regimes extend to primates is less clear. We therefore sought to identify correspondences in frequency bands, nesting, and behavioral coupling taken from macaque hippocampus. We found that, in contrast to the rodent, theta and gamma frequency bands in macaque CA1 were segregated by behavioral states. Beta/gamma (15-70Hz) had greater power during visual search while theta (7-10 Hz) dominated during quiescence. Moreover, delta/theta (3-8 Hz) amplitude was strongest when beta2/slow gamma (20-35 Hz) amplitude was weakest, though the low frequencies coupled with higher, ripple frequencies (60-150 Hz). The distribution of spike-field coherence revealed three peaks matching the 3-10 Hz, 20-30 Hz and 60-150 Hz bands; however, the low frequency effects were primarily due to sharp-wave ripples. Accordingly, no intrinsic theta spiking rhythmicity was apparent. These results support a role for beta2/slow gamma modulation in CA1 during active exploration in the primate that is decoupled from theta oscillations. These findings diverge from the rodent oscillatory canon and call for a shift in focus and frequency when considering the primate hippocampus.

scholarly journals Different Coupling Modes Mediate Cortical Cross-Frequency Interactions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph F Helfrich ◽  
Christoph S Herrmann ◽  
Andreas K Engel ◽  
Till R Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
High Frequency Component ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Alpha Oscillation ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) has been suggested to constitute a highly flexible mechanism for cortical information gating and processing, giving rise to conscious perception and various higher cognitive functions in humans. In particular, it might provide an elegant tool for information integration across several spatiotemporal scales within nested or coupled neuronal networks. However, it is currently unknown whether low frequency (theta/alpha) or high frequency gamma oscillations orchestrate cross-frequency interactions, raising the question of who is master and who is slave. While correlative evidence suggested that at least two distinct CFC modes exist, namely phase-amplitude-coupling (PAC) and amplitude-envelope-correlations (AEC), it is currently unknown whether they subserve distinct cortical functions. Novel non-invasive brain stimulation tools, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), now provide the unique opportunity to selectively entrain the low or high frequency component and study subsequent effects on CFC. Here, we demonstrate the differential modulation of CFC during selective entrainment of alpha or gamma oscillations. Our results reveal that entrainment of the low frequency component increased PAC, where gamma power became preferentially locked to the trough of the alpha oscillation, while gamma-band entrainment reduced alpha power through enhanced AECs. These results provide causal evidence for the functional role of coupled alpha and gamma oscillations for visual processing.

scholarly journals Low-frequency blood pressure oscillations and inotrope treatment failure in premature infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Vesoulis ◽  
Jessica Hao ◽  
Christopher McPherson ◽  
Nathalie M. El Ters ◽  
Amit M. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Low Frequency Variability ◽  
Regulation Of Vascular Tone

The underlying mechanism as to why some hypotensive preterm infants do not respond to inotropic medications remains unclear. For these infants, we hypothesize that impaired vasomotor function is a significant factor and is manifested through a decrease in low-frequency blood pressure variability across regulatory components of vascular tone. Infants born ≤28 wk estimated gestational age underwent prospective recording of mean arterial blood pressure for 72 h after birth. After error correction, root-mean-square spectral power was calculated for each valid 10-min data frame across each of four frequency bands ( B1, 0.005–0.0095 Hz; B2, 0.0095–0.02 Hz; B3, 0.02–0.06 Hz; and B4, 0.06–0.16) corresponding to different components of vasomotion control. Forty infants (twenty-nine normotensive control and eleven inotrope-exposed) were included with a mean ± SD estimated gestational age of 25.2 ± 1.6 wk and birth weight 790 ± 211 g. 9.7/11.8 Million (82%) data points were error-free and used for analysis. Spectral power across all frequency bands increased with time, although the magnitude was 20% less in the inotrope-exposed infants. A statistically significant increase in spectral power in response to inotrope initiation was noted across all frequency bands. Infants with robust blood pressure response to inotropes had a greater increase compared with those who had limited or no blood pressure response. In this study, hypotensive infants who require inotropes have decreased low-frequency variability at baseline compared with normotensive infants, which increases after inotrope initiation. Low-frequency spectral power does not change for those with inotrope treatment failure, suggesting dysfunctional regulation of vascular tone as a potential mechanism of treatment failure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we examine patterns of low-frequency oscillations in blood pressure variability across regulatory components of vascular tone in normotensive and hypotensive infants exposed to inotropic medications. We found that hypotensive infants who require inotropes have decreased low-frequency variability at baseline, which increases after inotrope initiation. Low-frequency spectral power does not change for those with inotrope treatment failure, suggesting dysfunctional regulation of vascular tone as a potential mechanism of treatment failure.

Electrocorticographic Frequency Alteration Mapping for Extraoperative Localization of Speech Cortex

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. E407-E409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Wu ◽  
Kimberly Wisneski ◽  
Gerwin Schalk ◽  
Mohit Sharma ◽  
Jarod Roland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Eloquent Cortex ◽  
Overt Speech ◽  
Seizure Localization ◽  
Frequency Power

Abstract OBJECTIVE Electrocortical stimulation (ECS) has long been established for delineating eloquent cortex in extraoperative mapping. However, ECS is still coarse and inefficient in delineating regions of functional cortex and can be hampered by afterdischarges. Given these constraints, an adjunct approach to defining motor cortex is the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signal changes associated with active regions of cortex. The broad range of frequency oscillations are categorized into 2 main groups with respect to sensorimotor cortex: low-frequency bands (LFBs) and high-frequency bands (HFBs). The LFBs tend to show a power reduction, whereas the HFBs show power increases with cortical activation. These power changes associated with activated cortex could potentially provide a powerful tool in delineating areas of speech cortex. We explore ECoG signal alterations as they occur with activated region of speech cortex and its potential in clinical brain mapping applications. METHODS We evaluated 7 patients who underwent invasive monitoring for seizure localization. Each had extraoperative ECS mapping to identify speech cortex. Additionally, all subjects performed overt speech tasks with an auditory or a visual cue to identify associated frequency power changes in regard to location and degree of concordance with ECS results. RESULTS Electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping (EFAM) had an 83.9% sensitivity and a 40.4% specificity in identifying any language site when considering both frequency bands and both stimulus cues. Electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping was more sensitive in identifying the Wernicke area (100%) than the Broca area (72.2%). The HFB is uniquely suited to identifying the Wernicke area, whereas a combination of the HFB and LFB is important for Broca localization. CONCLUSION The concordance between stimulation and spectral power changes demonstrates the possible utility of EFAM as an adjunct method to improve the efficiency and resolution of identifying speech cortex.

scholarly journals EEG Correlates of Middle Eastern Music Improvisations on the Ney Instrument

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yaghmour ◽  
Padmakumari Sarada ◽  
Sarah Roach ◽  
Ibrahim Kadar ◽  
Zhivka Pesheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Eastern Music ◽  
The Right

The cognitive sciences have witnessed a growing interest in cognitive and neural basis of human creativity. Music improvisations constitute an ideal paradigm to study creativity, but the underlying cognitive processes remain poorly understood. In addition, studies on music improvisations using scales other than the major and minor chords are scarce. Middle Eastern Music is characterized by the additional use of microtones, resulting in a tonal–spatial system called Maqam. No EEG correlates have been proposed yet for the eight most commonly used maqams. The Ney, an end-blown flute that is popular and widely used in the Middle East was used by a professional musician to perform 24 improvisations at low, medium, and high tempos. Using the EMOTIV EPOC+, a 14-channel wireless EEG headset, brainwaves were recorded and quantified before and during improvisations. Pairwise comparisons were calculated using IBM-SPSS and a principal component analysis was used to evaluate the variability between the maqams. A significant increase of low frequency bands theta power and alpha power were observed at the frontal left and temporal left area as well as a significant increase in higher frequency bands beta-high bands and gamma at the right temporal and left parietal area. This study reveals the first EEG observations of the eight most commonly used maqam and is proposing EEG signatures for various maqams.

scholarly journals Cortical and STN spectral changes during limb movements in PD patients with and without dystonia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Nakhmani ◽  
Joseph Olson ◽  
Zachary Irwin ◽  
Lloyd Edwards ◽  
Christopher Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms ◽  
Cortical Field

Background: Dystonia is a prevalent yet under-studied motor feature of Parkinson disease (PD). Although considerable efforts have focused on brain oscillations related to the cardinal symptoms of PD, whether dystonia is associated with specific electrophysiological features is unclear. Objectives: To investigate subcortical and cortical field potentials at rest and during contralateral hand and foot movements in PD patients with versus without dystonia. Methods: We examined the prevalence and somatotopy of dystonia in PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. We recorded intracranial electrophysiology from sensorimotor cortex and directional DBS electrodes in subthalamic nucleus (STN), during both rest and voluntary contralateral limb movements. We used wavelet transforms and linear mixed models to characterize spectral content in patients with and without dystonia (n=25). Results: Dystonia was highly prevalent at enrollment (61%) and most common in the foot (78%). PD patients with dystonia display greater subthalamic theta and alpha power during movement (p < 0.05) but not at rest. Regardless of dystonia status, cortical recordings display prominent beta desynchronization (13-30 Hz) during movement, whereas STN signals show increases in spectral power at lower frequencies (4-20 Hz), with peaks at 6.0 +/- 3.3 and 4.2 +/- 2.9 Hz during hand and foot movements, respectively (p < 0.03). Conclusions: Whereas cortex was characterized by beta desynchronization during hand and foot movements similarly, STN showed limb-specific low frequency activity which was increased in PD patients with dystonia. These findings may help elucidate why PD-related dystonia is most common in the foot and help guide future closed-loop DBS devices.

Electrocorticographic Frequency Alteration Mapping: A Clinical Technique for Mapping the Motor Cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. ONS-260-ONS-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Leuthardt ◽  
Kai Miller ◽  
Nicholas R. Anderson ◽  
Gerwin Schalk ◽  
Joshua Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
Frequency Bands

Abstract Objective: Electrocortical stimulation (ECS) has been well established for delineating the eloquent cortex. However, ECS is still coarse and inefficient in delineating regions of the functional cortex and can be hampered by after-discharges. Given these constraints, an adjunct approach to defining the motor cortex is the use of electrocor-ticographic signal changes associated with active regions of the cortex. The broad range of frequency oscillations are categorized into two main groups with respect to the sensorimotor cortex: low and high frequency bands. The low frequency bands tend to show a power reduction with cortical activation, whereas the high frequency bands show power increases. These power changes associated with the activated cortex could potentially provide a powerful tool in delineating areas of the motor cortex. We explore electrocorticographic signal alterations as they occur with activated regions of the motor cortex, as well as its potential in clinical brain mapping applications. Methods: We evaluated seven patients who underwent invasive monitoring for seizure localization. Each patient had extraoperative ECS mapping to identify the motor cortex. All patients also performed overt hand and tongue motor tasks to identify associated frequency power changes in regard to location and degree of concordance with ECS results that localized either hand or tongue motor function. Results: The low frequency bands had a high sensitivity (88.9–100%) and a lower specificity (79.0–82.6%) for identifying electrodes with either hand or tongue ECS motor responses. The high frequency bands had a lower sensitivity (72.7–88.9%) and a higher specificity (92.4–94.9%) in correlation with the same respective ECS positive electrodes. Conclusion: The concordance between stimulation and spectral power changes demonstrate the possible utility of electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping as an adjunct method to improve the efficiency and resolution of identifying the motor cortex.

P01-201-Polarity of most recent affective episode and other clinical factors in relation to quality of life in remitted bipolar patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
T. Novak ◽  
L. Sprah ◽  
M. Dernovsek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Outpatient Group ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionQuality of life (QoL) is reported to be markedly impaired even in interepisode bipolar disorder. Recent depressive episode correlates with poorer QoL than recent manic episode in remitted patients.AimsWe compared QoL between bipolar patients with regard to the polarity of most recent episodes and control group in order to assess relationships between clinical factors and quality of life in bipolar outpatients.Methods33 remitted bipolar outpatients (19 depressive and 14 manic according to the polarity of recent episode), and 22 healthy individuals completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF).ResultsOutpatients with recent depressive episode reported the lowest overall QoL and health satisfaction and had the lowest scores on psychological domain among all groups. Polarity of most recent episode didn’t correlate significantly with QoL. In outpatient group as a whole, several clinical factors including previous depressive episodes were significantly correlated with WHOQOL-BREF scores.ConclusionsQoL is impaired in remitted bipolar outpatients. Despite the insignificant association between polarity of most recent episode and QoL, our data confirm that depressive symptoms are among the most significant contributors to reduced QoL in bipolar disorder. The importance of gaining full remission is associated with improved QoL.

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