scholarly journals A multi-tag anti-collision protocol based on 8-ary adaptive pruning query tree

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771881182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chu ◽  
Zhihong Qian ◽  
Xue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Communication Complexity ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Manchester Code ◽  
Query Tree ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Information Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

In order to solve the problem of multi-tag anti-collision in radio frequency identification systems, a multi-tag anti-collision protocol based on 8-ary adaptive pruning query tree is proposed in this article. According to Manchester code, the highest collision bit can be detected. In the process of tag identification, the protocol only locks the target on the three consecutive bits which start from the highest collision bit. The protocol has two tag identification mechanisms, and which one is chosen is determined by the value of collision coefficient. Using the collision information characteristics of the three bits, idle timeslots are evitable, and some collision timeslots are eliminated at the same time. The 8-ary adaptive pruning query tree protocol fully takes into account several important performance indicators such as the number of query timeslots, communication complexity, transmission delay, and throughput. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this protocol performs better than other tree-based anti-collision protocols. The throughput of 8-ary adaptive pruning query tree protocol remains approximately 0.625.

scholarly journals REINFORCEMENT LEARNING BASED ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHM FOR RFID SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Murukesan Loganathan ◽  
Thennarasan Sabapathy ◽  
Mohamed Elobaid Elshaikh ◽  
Mohamed Nasrun Osman ◽  
Rosemizi Abd Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Control Message ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Better Than

Efficient collision arbitration protocol facilitates fast tag identification in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. EPCGlobal-Class1-Generation2 (EPC-C1G2) protocol is the current standard for collision arbitration in commercial RFID systems. However, the main drawback of this protocol is that it requires excessive message exchanges between tags and the reader for its operation. This wastes energy of the already resource-constrained RFID readers. Hence, in this work, reinforcement learning based anti-collision protocol (RL-DFSA) is proposed to address the energy efficient collision arbitration problem in the RFID system. The proposed algorithm continuously learns and adapts to the changes in the environment by devising an optimal policy. The proposed RL-DFSA was evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with the variants of EPC-C1G2 algorithms that are currently being used in the commercial readers. Based on the results, it is concluded that RL-DFSA performs equal or better than EPC-C1G2 protocol in delay, throughput and time system efficiency when simulated for sparse and dense environments while requiring one order of magnitude lesser control message exchanges between the reader and the tags.

scholarly journals Channel-Quality Aware RFID Tag Identification Algorithm to Accommodate the Varying Channel Quality of IoT Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hung Chen ◽  
Rui-Ze Hung ◽  
Lin-Kung Chen ◽  
Pi-Tzong Jan ◽  
Yin-Rung Su
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Channel Quality ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Simulation Results

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technique is broadly adopted as the automated identification system for the Internet of Things (IoT). Many RFID anti-collision algorithms were proposed to accelerate the tag identification process. However, they misjudged some unreadable slots which were due to collision instead of the bad channel condition, causing low bandwidth usage. This study proposes the Channel-quality Aware Query Tree algorithm (CAQT) to improve the identification performance in an error-prone channel environment. CAQT has three novel features: (1) it estimates the channel quality continuously and statistically in the rapidly changing channel quality environment; (2) it asks the tag for retransmission or to split the collide tags based on the channel quality; (3) the number of the groups which it splits tags is based on the estimated number of tags collide in current slot. The simulation results show that CAQT uses less than 31% slots compared with the conventional algorithms. The simulation results also demonstrate that CAQT provides enhanced performance when the channel quality is varying especially in outdoor environment, for example, ticket checking for railway or subway system.

scholarly journals An Efficient Approach to Detecting Missing Tags in RFID Data Stream

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Nur’Aifaa Zainudin ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Deden Witarsyah ◽  
Mokhairi Makhtar ◽  
Mohd Izuan Hafez Ninggal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Detection Problem ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Better Than

RFID technology is a Radio frequency identification system that provides a reader reading the data item from its tag. Nowadays, RFID system has rapidly become more common in our life because of its autonomous advantages compared to the traditional barcode. It can detect hundreds of tagged items automatically at a time. However, in RFID, missing tag detection can occur due to signal collisions and interferences. It will cause the system to report incorrect tag’s count due to an incorrect number of tags being detected. The consequences of this problem can be enormous to business, as it will cause incorrect business decisions to be made. Thus, a Missing Tag Detection Algorithm (MTDA) is proposed to solve the missing tag detection problem. There are many other existing approaches has been proposed including Window Sub-range Transition Detection (WSTD), Efficient Missing-Tag Detection Protocol (EMD) and Multi-hashing based Missing Tag Identification (MMTI) protocol. The result from experiments shows that our proposed approach performs better than the other in terms of execution time and reliability.

An Enhanced Collision Tracking Tree Algorithm in Radio Frequency Identification System

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 7712-7718
Author(s):  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Quanyuan Feng ◽  
Xiaolin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Tree Algorithm ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Collision Problem ◽  
Query Tree ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Simulation Results

In order to solve multi-tag collision problem in radio frequency identification system, many anti-collision algorithms have been proposed, such as query tree algorithm, bi-slotted collision tracking tree algorithm (BSCTTA). In this paper, an enhanced collision tracking tree algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of BSCTTA. The proposed algorithm generates prefix depending on the first collided bit, and then eliminates the idle timeslots and reduces the collided timeslots. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can identify two tags in a timeslot if there is only one collided bit in the response data, and can truncate unvalued data when two collided bits are detected. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the communication bits and query cycles than other algorithms, therefore enhances the identification efficiency and identification speed of radio frequency identification system.

The Research of Clothing Identification Based on RFID Technology of IOT

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 3034-3037
Author(s):  
Xiao Luo ◽  
Fei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Recognition Result ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Better Than

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is a kind of the non-contact automatic identification technology. Clothing identification has many and complex characteristics, the existing clothing identification method have many defects. In order to adapt to the mass production demands of modern clothing enterprise, this paper puts forward the new clothing identification method based on RFID. And the anti collision algorithm is the key and prerequisite technology to identify targets correctly. Thus, based on the study of the existing anti collision algorithms, we discuss the problem of tags’ collision, analysis and contrast the existing algorithms. And then, the paper proposes the new anti collision algorithm. According to the improved algorithm, the labels are divided into several groups, and then identified correctly by the group identification algorithm. By the results of recognition result, we can estimate the number of the labels in the appointed area, and adjust the algorithm corresponding. The simulation results show that the algorithm is much better than the traditional anti ones.

Adaptive Framework for Collisions in RFID Tag Identification

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selwyn Piramuthu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Aloha Protocol

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is promising, as a technique, to enable tracking of essential information about objects as they pass through supply chains. Information thus tracked can be utilised to efficiently operate the supply chain. Effective management of the supply chain translates to huge competitive advantage for the firms involved. Among several issues that impede seamless integration of RFID tags in a supply chain, one of the problems encountered while reading RFID tags is that of collision, which occurs when multiple tags transmit data to the same receiver slot. Data loss due to collision necessitates re-transmission of lost data. We consider this problem when Framed Slotted ALOHA protocol is used. Using machine learning, we adaptively configure the number of slots per frame to reduce the number of collisions while improving throughput.

scholarly journals A Novel Printable Tag of M-Shaped Strips for Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification in IoT Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Wazie M. Abdulkawi ◽  
Khaled Issa ◽  
Abdel-Fattah A. Sheta ◽  
Saleh A. Alshebeili
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Horizontal Polarization ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Coding Capacity

There is a growing interest in chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology for a number of Internet of things (IoT) applications. This is due to its advantages of being of low-cost, low-power, and fully printable. In addition, it enjoys ease of implementation. In this paper, we present a novel, compact, chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag that can be read with either vertical or horizontal polarization within its frequency bandwidth. This increases the sturdiness and detection ability of the RFID system. In addition, the difference between the vertical and horizontal responses can be used for tag identification. The proposed tag uses strip length variations to double the coding capacity and thereby reduce the overall size by almost 50%. It has a coding capacity of 20 bits in the operating bandwidth 3 GHz–7.5 GHz, and its spatial density is approximately 11 bits/cm2. The proposed tag has a 4.44 bits/GHz spectral capacity, 2.44 bits/cm2/GHz encoding capacity, a spatial density at the center frequency of 358.33 bits/λ2, and an encoding capacity at the center frequency of 79.63 bits/λ2/GHz. A prototype is fabricated and experimentally tested at a distance of 10 cm from the RFID reader system. Then, we compare the measured results with the simulations. The simulated results are in reasonable agreement with the simulated ones.

scholarly journals A Comparison of RFID Anti-Collision Protocols for Tag Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Cmiljanic ◽  
Hugo Landaluce ◽  
Asier Perallos
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Tag Identification ◽  
Collision Problem ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radio Frequency Signals ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio frequency signals to identify objects. RFID is one of the key technologies used by the Internet of Things (IoT). This technology enables communication between the main devices used in RFID, the reader and the tags. The tags share a communication channel. Therefore, if several tags attempt to send information at the same time, the reader will be unable to distinguish these signals. This is called the tag collision problem. This results in an increased time necessary for system identification and energy consumption. To minimize tag collisions, RFID readers must use an anti-collision protocol. Different types of anti-collision protocols have been proposed in the literature in order to solve this problem. This paper provides an update including some of the most relevant anti-collision protocols.

A Modified Q Parameter Scheme Based on BIBD in RFID

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2041-2045
Author(s):  
Ying Hua Cui ◽  
Shu Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Parameter Scheme

Radio Frequency Identification is an Automatic Identification Technology. RFID system typically consists of a reader and a number of tags. When more than one tag send signal to reader at the same time, reader will not identify any one. This is called collision. The information of collision is regarded as uselessness in the conventional algorithms. But in fact, useful information can be extracted from the collision and the reading efficiency can be improved. In this paper, tags use BIBD(16,4,1) blocks instead of RN16, the reader analyses the collision information based on the characteristics of BIBD and makes valid recognition even when more than one tag have been detected in same time slot. The theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the reading efficiency by 100% than that of the conventional Q algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed scheme changes little to the existing standard, easy to implement and compatible for EPC Global Code.

A Novel Design of PIE Decoding with Multiple CRC Circuit for RFID Tag

2013 ◽  
Vol 816-817 ◽  
pp. 957-961
Author(s):  
Feng Ying Huang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yu Sen Xu ◽  
Ji Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Parallel Algorithm ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Novel Design

This paper proposes a new synchronized serial-parallel CRC(Cycle Redundancy Check) with PIE(Pulse Interval Encoding) decoding circuit for the UHF(Ultra-High Frequency) RFID(Radio Frequency Identification), which is based on the ISO/IEC 18000-6C standards protocol. The parallel algorithm of CRC circuit is derived, and the serial or parallel CRC circuit on RFID tag chip is evaluated in this paper. Finally, the designed circuit is simulated and analyzed on the FPGA platform. Simulation results show that the proposed circuit meets the communication requirement of the protocol and addresses the problem of low data processing rate of conventional serial CRC circuit, as well as implements 1 to 8 degree of parallelism of the parallel CRC circuit for UHF RFID.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document