Redepositon of Impurities on Wool Fabric during Washing with Ecological Surfactants and Solvent Microemulsion

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000
Author(s):  
F.J. Carrión-Fité
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Amphoteric Surfactant ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Alkyl Polyglucoside

The aim of this paper was to study addition of a non-toxic solvent microemulsion to conventional wash formulations with the aim of improving the performance of the conventional washing. In this work, the redeposition performance during washing was studied after washing a wool fabric with addition of a solid impurity The non-toxic solvent used was dimethyl sulfoxide micro-dispersed with an amphoteric surfactant as emulsifier. The fabric was washed with SDBS and biodegradable non-ionic surfactants such as an alcohol ethoxylate (AE) with 7 m. EO and an alkyl polyglucoside with 1.4 glucoside groups (APG). The fabric used was EMPA 217 wool fabric. The anionic and non-ionic surfactants and mixtures of the non-ionic surfactants were used separately and in mixture in varying proportions for the washes. Carbon black was used as the solid impurity in the washing. Sodium carbonate and sodium chloride were used as builders. The fabric was washed at low temperature (30° C) with water of different hardness. In all the cases, the performance in terms of redeposition of the solid impurity (carbon black) was enhanced (decreased) for all the mixtures tested when using the microemulsion of DMS in the washing formulation.

One-step extraction of bismuth from bismuthinite in sodium carbonate–sodium chloride molten salt using ferric oxide as sulfur-fixing agent

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (55) ◽  
pp. 49717-49723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenrong Lin ◽  
Shenghai Yang ◽  
Chaobo Tang ◽  
Yongming Chen ◽  
Longgang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
One Step

Schematic of new molten salt smelting of bismuthinite concentrate to extract Bi at low temperature.

scholarly journals Sodium Carbonate is Saltier Than Sodium Chloride to Sodium-Depleted Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J St. John ◽  
Anya M McBrayer ◽  
Erin E Krauskopf
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Carbonate

PERMEABILITY STUDIES: III. SURFACE AREA MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON BLACKS

1948 ◽  
Vol 26a (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Arnell ◽  
G. O. Henneberry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Permeability Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

The modified Kozeny equation has been found to be satisfactory for the measurement of the specific surfaces of carbon blacks having average particle diameters ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 μ to within ±10%. Comparative data were obtained from electron microscope counting and from low temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The three methods examined gave results that were in satisfactory agreement, except when the carbon black was porous, and then the adsorption value was extremely large.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Fronds with the Addition of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) as an Activator

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Gewa Handika
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Palm Fronds

This paper aims to understand the difference in characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) through the addition of two different activators, namely sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl). To do this, activator concentration of 10 percent each with activation temperature of 600 oC were applied in the experiment. Moreover, to determine the quality of activated carbon produced, a morphological analysis of activated carbon surfaces as well as FTIR spectra analysis on activated carbon. Identification using FTIR spectrophotometer revealed that the activated carbon in this study contained functional groups of O-H, C = O, C = C, C-C, and C-H.

Research on Improving the Properties of Wool Fabric with Low-Temperature Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li Qiao ◽  
Wen Fang Yang ◽  
Qing Fu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Wetting Property ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper discussed the influences of plasma processing time and power on wool fibers, the results showed that: after plasma treatment, the surface of the wool fibers occurred varying degrees of physical and chemical etching phenomenon, the wetting property was increased significantly, anti-shrinkage performance was improved. Breaking strength and elongation at fracture were increased; the beginning of dyeing properties and the balance rate were increased.

scholarly journals Low-temperature activation of carbon black by selective photocatalytic oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 2873-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels R. Ostyn ◽  
Julian A. Steele ◽  
Michiel De Prins ◽  
Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree ◽  
C. Vinod Chandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fraction ◽  
Temperature Activation

Carbon black is chemically activated by selective TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation functionalizing the graphitic carbon fraction, while mineralizing amorphous carbon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document