scholarly journals Safety evaluation for roadside crashes by vehicle–object collision simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781401880558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejun Long ◽  
Zhibo Gao ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Wang Xiang ◽  
Wei Hao
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Test Standards

In order to evaluate roadside crash severity and help making decision on roadside safety improvement alternatives, this article proposes a roadside crash severity evaluation method based on vehicle kinematics metric during the crash: Acceleration Severity Index. Based on the field investigation on 1917 km of representative roads, roadside crash test standards and parameters were determined. A total of 59 crash scenarios, involving 5 typical roadside obstacles, 2 types of guardrails, 15 embankment slopes, and 3 types of vehicles (car, bus, and truck), were designed for simulated crash testing with VPG3.2 and LS-DYNA971 software. The x-, y-, and z-direction acceleration (or deceleration) curves of a test vehicle’s center of mass during each crash test were collected for the calculation of the Acceleration Severity Index values. The Fisher optimal partition algorithm was used to cluster the Acceleration Severity Index values to identify an appropriate number of roadside crash severity levels and the corresponding threshold values that demarcate these levels. The results showed that the roadside crash severity classification produced by Acceleration Severity Index–based method is consistent with handbook Guideline for Implementation of Highway Safety Enhancement Project. Therefore, when crash data are missing, crash test could be a feasible surrogate method for roadside crash severity evaluation.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of roundabouts at freeway ramp terminals and HSM calibration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jacob A. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Project Level

Although the conventional understanding is that roundabouts have the potential to improve safety at intersections, particularly by reducing more severe crash types, there is limited knowledge on their safety impacts when utilized as part of an interchange system. This research utilizes multiple years of crash, traffic, and geometric data across a variety of roundabout interchange sites in Missouri to develop a two-level Empirical Bayes (EB) safety analysis at the project (entire interchange) and site-specific (ramp terminal only) levels. The results were then aggregated for both single-lane and dual-lane roundabout terminals. The project-level results for single-lane sites showed a decrease in fatal/injury crashes (FI) by 20.3 percent, property damage only (PDO) crashes by 26.0 percent and total crashes by 24.5 percent. The site-specific results for single-lane roundabout terminals indicated a reduction of FI crashes by 32.8 percent, PDO crashes by 23.1 percent, and total crashes by 24.4 percent. At the project-level, dual-lane roundabouts were shown to reduce FI crashes by 2.3 percent while increasing PDO and total crashes by 16.9 percent and 12.2 percent, respectively. The dual-lane site-specific results indicated an increase in FI crashes by 34.7 percent, PDO crashes by 53.9 percent, and total crashes by 50.0 percent at the ramp terminal specifically. This analysis directly compares observed crash data after roundabout implementation to the expected number of crashes over that time period if the roundabout were never constructed. Therefore, this indicates that single-lane roundabouts performed significantly better than their original configurations, while the dual-lane roundabout terminals were shown to be less-suitable for certain applications. Additionally, it was found that a high proportion of the roundabout crashes occurred at the exit ramp approach legs; this was illustrated in the collision diagrams and crash type distributions that were produced for the common observed crashes at both single and dual-lane roundabout terminals. As a separate part of this thesis research, an improved calibration of the Highway Safety Manual safety performance functions of four facility types was performed using data from 2012-2014 to calibrate for local Missouri conditions. Crash severity and crash type distributions were also developed for each facility type.

Research on Oil Depot Safety Evaluation Based on Dow Chemical Fire and Explosion Index Assessment Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1256-1261
Author(s):  
Shou Hui He ◽  
Han Hua Zhu ◽  
Shi Dong Fan ◽  
Quan Wen
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Process Unit ◽  
Safety Production ◽  
Fire And Explosion

At the present time, the Dow Chemical Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) is a kind of risk index evaluation method that is comprehensively used in evaluating potential hazard, area of exposure, expected losses in case of fire and explosion, etc. As the research object to oil depot storage tank area, this article ultimately confirms establishing appropriate pattern of process unit as well as reasonable safety precautions compensating method, in order to insure the reasonableness of evaluating result, by means of selecting process unit, confirming material factor and compensating safety precautions, using F&EI method. This can provide the basis for theoretical ground in aspect of oil depot development and safety production management.

scholarly journals Study on ecological safety evaluation method for pyrolysis residue of oily sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 651 (4) ◽  
pp. 042058
Author(s):  
Xuan Sun ◽  
Zhiqiang Guo ◽  
Faguo Zhong ◽  
Zhibin Wu ◽  
Penghui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Pyrolysis Residue

Analysis of the Safety Factors of Municipal Road Undercrossing Existing Bridge Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110318
Author(s):  
Yonghong Yang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Zude Tang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Engineering Projects

Increasing traffic volume and insufficient road lanes often require municipal roads to be reconstructed and expanded. Where a road passes under a bridge, the reconstruction and expansion project will inevitably have an impact on the bridge. To evaluate the safety impact of road engineering projects on bridges, this paper evaluates the safety of the roads and ancillary facilities of highway bridges involved in municipal road engineering projects. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the safety factors of municipal roads undercrossing existing bridges, a fuzzy comprehensive analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation method for the influence of road construction on the safety of existing bridges is proposed. First, AHP is used to select 11 evaluation factors. Second, the target layer, criterion layer, and index layer of evaluation factors are established, then a safety evaluation factor system is formed. The three-scale AHP model is used to determine the weight of assessment indexes. Third, through the fuzzy comprehensive AHP evaluation model, the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation is carried out for the safety assessment index system. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the engineering example of a municipal road undercrossing an existing expressway bridge. The comprehensive safety evaluation of the existing bridge reflects the practicability and feasibility of the method. It is expected that, with further development, the method will improve the decision-making process in bridge safety assessment systems.

Numerical Investigation of the Performance of a Roadside Safety Barrier Located Behind the Break Point of a Slope

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mongiardini ◽  
J. D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Barrier ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized

Numerical simulations allow engineers in roadside safety to investigate the safety of retrofit designs minimizing or, in some cases, avoiding the high costs related to the execution of full-scale experimental tests. This paper describes the numerical investigation made to assess the performance of a roadside safety barrier when relocated behind the break point of a 3H:1V slope, found on a Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) system. A safe barrier relocation in the slope would allow reducing the installation width of the MSE system by an equivalent amount, thus decreasing the overall construction costs. The dynamics of a pick-up truck impacting the relocated barrier and the system deformation were simulated in detail using the explicit non-linear dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA. The model was initially calibrated and subsequently validated against results from a previous full-scale crash test with the barrier placed at the slope break point. After a sensitivity analysis regarding the role of suspension failure and tire deflation on the vehicle stability, the system performance was assessed when it was relocated into the slope. Two different configurations were considered, differing for the height of the rail respect to the road surface and the corresponding post embedment into the soil. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn based on the results obtained from the numerical analysis.

Reliability and availability evaluation of subsea high integrity pressure protection system using stochastic Petri net

2021 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2110499
Author(s):  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Jun Gou ◽  
Yingcheng Tian ◽  
Hao Jin ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petri Net ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Stochastic Petri Net ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Common Cause Failures ◽  
High Integrity

In this paper, a safety evaluation method of subsea High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) based on a generalized stochastic Petri net model is proposed. Different test methods were used to detect different types of failures and to analyze the reliability of HIPPS components under the influence of common cause failures and incomplete repair. The reliability curve of a diagnostic system consisting of a transmitter system and a logic system under the influence of uncertainty over time is analyzed. The safety of HIPPS with diverse test methods were quantitatively analyzed. The results show a significant improvement in the performance of the system after testing and maintenance. Both partial-stroke testing and increased partial-stroke test coverage can be used to increase the HIPPS performance compared to traditional methods. The analysis of the Partial stroke test (PST) strategy can afford a academic basis for the selection of PST frequency and Functional test (FT) interval in practical engineering.

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