A method for simultaneous detection of small and long RNA biotypes by ribodepleted RNA-Seq

RNA sequencing offers unprecedented access to the transcriptome. Key to this is the identification and quantification of many different species of RNA from the same sample at the same time. In this study we describe a novel protocol for simultaneous detection of coding and non-coding transcripts using modifications to the Ion Total RNA-Seq kit v2 protocol, with integration of QIASeq FastSelect rRNA removal kit. We report highly consistent sequencing libraries can be produced from both frozen high integrity mouse hippocampal tissue and the more challenging post-mortem human tissue. Removal of rRNA using FastSelect was extremely efficient, resulting in less than 1.5% rRNA content in the final library. We identified > 30,000 unique transcripts from all samples, including protein-coding genes and many species of non-coding RNA, in biologically-relevant proportions. Furthermore, the normalized sequencing read count for select genes significantly negatively correlated with Ct values from qRT-PCR analysis from the same samples. These results indicate that this protocol accurately and consistently identifies and quantifies a wide variety of transcripts simultaneously. The highly efficient rRNA depletion, coupled with minimized sample handling and without complicated and high-loss size selection protocols, makes this protocol useful to researchers wishing to investigate whole transcriptomes.

Ethical Issues in Academic Authorship: A Study on Group Writing

In the academic world, the authors and the publication of academic writing are inseparable. By publishing academic writing, academicians can improve their performance and increase their visibility in academia. However, academic writing is not an easy thing, as it is directly tied to the ethics of academic authorship. However, there have been several forms of unethical identified in academic authorship. Among them is the unethical placement of the author's name. This dishonesty certainly has a negative impact on the world of scholarship because those who are in this world of scholarship are said to have the nature of high integrity. Among the main causes of this problem is the need to achieve annual target. Is academic authorship tied to the ethics of academic authorship? What are the forms of dishonesty in academic authorship? There are two main objectives in solving the question. First, explain the ethics of academic authorship. Second, explain the forms of dishonesty specifically related to naming groups of authors in academic writing. The documentation method is carried out to obtain data related to ethics and forms of dishonesty in academic writing to achieve these objectives. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis to explain the inaccuracies in author nomination in academic writing. This study found that academic authorship is bound by its ethics as authoritative and recognized writing. One of the most common frauds is to put the name of an author or a group of authors who contributed to academic authorship. However, there are two main forms of academic dishonesty: putting the name of the individual as the author despite not contributing to the authorship and not putting the name of the contributing author in the authorship. This practice violates the ethics of academic authorship. Received: 26 July 2021 / Accepted: 6 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Realita Kompleks Pemimpin Kristen

The purpose of this study is to describe the context of change faced by today's leaders. Change is a necessary and inevitable thing that must be faced wisely by a leader. In this decade, there have been very rapid changes in the context of people's lives that need to be observed and dealt with appropriately by a leader. This needs to be researched and discussed to be considered by today's leaders. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques are library research and observation. The collected data are presented and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the contexts faced by today's leaders are postmodernism and globalization which bring challenges to individualism, materialism and hedonism. The rapid progress of information and communication technology has become an agent of fundamental change in world culture, including changes in value orientation. Pluralism and emancipation are also a global culture today. The world is now in rapid change all the time, for that we need leaders who are visionary, spiritual and have high integrity, are ethical, innovative and pluralist. Keywords: Christian distinction, context change, globalization, leadership, postmodernism. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraikan konteks perubahan yang dihadapi oleh para pemimpin dewasa ini. Perubahan adalah suatu hal niscaya dan tak terelakkan yang harus dihadapai secara bijaksana oleh seorang pemimpin. Dekade ini terjadi perubahan yang sangat cepat dalam konteks kehidupan masyarakat yang perlu dicermati dan dihadapi secara tepat oleh seorang pemimpin. Hal ini perlu diteliti dan dibahas untuk menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi para pemimpin saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah penelitian pustaka dan observasi. Data-data yang terkumpul disajikan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konteks yang dihadapi oleh pemimpin masa kini adalah postmodernisme dan globalisasasi yang membawa tantangan individualism, materialism dan hedonism. Kemajuan pesat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi menjadi termasuk perubahan orientasi nilai. Pluralisme dan emansipasi juga menjadi budaya global saat ini. Dunia sekarang berada dalam perubahan pesat setiap saat, untuk itu dibutuhkan pemimpin yang visioner, berspiritualitas dan integritas tinggi, beretika, inovatif dan pluralis. Kata-kata Kunci: Distingsi kristiani, kepemimpinan, globalisasi, perubahan konteks, postmodernisme,

PRINSIP DASAR PENERAPAN HUKUMAN DISIPLIN TERHADAP PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL

Civil Servants as public servants must be oriented to community satisfaction, it takes ASN who have high integrity and discipline in their duties. Employee discipline must be instilled by every employee. As the embodiment of a government system that wants to achieve national goals, it requires public servants who perform well, have quality, as well as a clean and authoritative government system and create targeted performance so that the implementation is effective and efficient. Work discipline is one of the factors that includes supporting the improvement of employee performance in an organization. In this article, we will discuss the basic principles of imposing disciplinary penalties on Civil Servants. This study uses normative legal research with qualitative analysis through a conceptual approach and a statutory approach to legal issues that are the main problems in the research. This study analyzes how the principle rather than the application of disciplinary punishment to Civil Servants is in accordance with the purpose of the law. PP Disciplinary Civil Servants regulates the principles of applying disciplinary penalties and limiting the authority to impose disciplinary penalties. The success or failure of an organization in realizing its goals by the performance of individual employees.Pegawai Negeri Sipil sebagai pelayan publik harus berorientasi pada kepuasan masyarakat, dibutuhkan ASN yang memiliki integritas tinggi serta disiplin dalam tugas. Disiplin pegawai harus ditanamankan oleh setiap pegawainya. Evaluasi dan pengawasan merupakan cara pemenuhan pelayanan publik terhadap kinerja pegawai. Melalui evaluasi serta dilakukannya pengawasan tersebut diharapkan kinerja PNS dapat menjadi lebih baik dan disiplin. Sebagai perwujudan sistem pemerintahan yang ingin mencapai tujuan nasional, maka dibutuhkan pelayan publik yang berkinerja baik, berkualitas, serta kinerja yang tepat sasaran sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya bersifat efektif dan efisien. Disiplin kerja adalah salah satu faktor yang termasuk penunjang peningkatan kinerja pegawai dalam suatu organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisis kualitatif melalui pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan terhadap isu hukum yang menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimanakah prinsip dasar daripada penerapan hukuman disiplin terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil apakah sesuai dengan tujuan hukum. PP Disiplin PNS mengatur terkait. prosedur, tata cara, dan pembatasan yang diatur dalamnya agar tidak adanya tindakan sewenangnya dalam penjatuhan hukuman disiplin. Berhasil tidaknya suatu organisasi dalam mewujudkan tujuannya dipengaruhi oleh kinerja individu pegawai. Kesimpulan

Reliability and availability evaluation of subsea high integrity pressure protection system using stochastic Petri net

In this paper, a safety evaluation method of subsea High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) based on a generalized stochastic Petri net model is proposed. Different test methods were used to detect different types of failures and to analyze the reliability of HIPPS components under the influence of common cause failures and incomplete repair. The reliability curve of a diagnostic system consisting of a transmitter system and a logic system under the influence of uncertainty over time is analyzed. The safety of HIPPS with diverse test methods were quantitatively analyzed. The results show a significant improvement in the performance of the system after testing and maintenance. Both partial-stroke testing and increased partial-stroke test coverage can be used to increase the HIPPS performance compared to traditional methods. The analysis of the Partial stroke test (PST) strategy can afford a academic basis for the selection of PST frequency and Functional test (FT) interval in practical engineering.

Optimized method for RNA extraction from leaves of forest tree species

Extraction of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from woody plants is a difficult task due to the peculiarities of plant material rich in polysaccharides and starch. The available techniques are often ineffective, since they result in the absence/reduced quality/reduced amount of RNA in the final preparation. The method we have optimized is based on the use of cethyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), purification by phenol-chloroform extraction, use of lithium chloride and ammonium acetate. The method showed high efficiency for the extraction of RNA from the leaves of birch and poplar samples, in vitro and mature plants, in comparison with previously used methods (extraction using NucleoSpin® RNA Plant (Macherey-Nagel, Germany) columns, Su (2009) method, standard guanidine thiocyanate method). Electropherograms of RNA preparations showed its high integrity and concentration (up to 85 ng/μl), significantly higher purity of the preparation (up to 2.7 times). Purification of the preparation in the process of extraction can significantly reduce the yield of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The optimized method is highly reproducible and can be used for further research, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, qualitative and quantitative PCR analysis. The method allows obtaining high-quality RNA from other objects of agricultural and forest plants.