scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF HYPOTHALAMUS II. THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE, NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATASE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN THE ACTIVATED SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS OF THE RAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHAN F. JONGKIND
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Quantitative Histochemistry ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Nucleus Supraopticus

The activities of nucleoside diphosphatases and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) that are associated with the Golgi apparatus and acid phosphatase were measured by quantitative histochemical methods both in histologically pure nucleus supraopticus and in an adjacent area of the anterior hypothalamus of the rat. In the nucleus supraopticus UDP-phosphohydrolase (UDPase), GDP-phosphohydrolase (GDPase) and TPPase activities increased 40% after a thirsting period of 3 days, while IDP-phosphohydrolase activity increased 18% and acid phosphatase activity decreased 25% after the same osmostic stress. The adjacent, nonsupraoptic anterior hypothalamic area did not show significant changes in activity of any of the enzymes studied. The activities of the Golgi-associated TPPase, UDPase and GDPase are likely to be reliable parameters for neurosecretory activity.

scholarly journals THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF HYPOTHALAMUS I. PENTOSE SHUNT ENZYMES IN THE ACTIVATED SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS OF THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHAN F. JONGKIND
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Quantitative Histochemistry ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nucleus Supraopticus ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The activities of two enzymes involved in the oxidative part of the pentose cycle and one glycolytic enzyme have been measured by quantitative histochemical methods both in histologically pure nucleus supraopticus and in an adjacent area of the anterior hypothalamus of rat. In the nucleus supraopticus, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased 34% and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity declined by 9%, while lactic dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly after a thirsting period of 6 days. The nonsupraoptic, adjacent anterior hypothalamic area did not show significant changes in activity of any of the enzymes studied.

scholarly journals CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON TWO FUNCTIONAL HEPATOMAS

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Essner ◽  
Alex B. Novikoff
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Golgi Membranes

The Reuber hepatoma H-35 and Morris hepatoma 5123 have been studied by electron microscopy and by cytochemical staining methods for a number of phosphatases. These studies emphasize the resemblances of the two tumors to rat liver, but they also indicate distinctive features in each of the three tissues. Secretory product accumulates within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus that dilate to form the Golgi vacuoles. The vacuoles apparently separate, and secretory material undergoes further condensation within them. These "secretory vacuoles" possess acid phosphatase activity and may thus be considered lysosomes. The membranes of the Golgi apparatus are without acid phosphatase activity but show high levels of thiaminepyrophosphatase activity. The endoplasmic reticulum also hydrolyzes thiaminepyrophosphate but at a lower rate; it hydrolyzes the diphosphates of uridine, guanosine, and inosine rapidly. These observations and the electron microscopic images are consistent with the view that the cytomembranes are in a dynamic state of flux, movement, and transformation in the living cell, and that smooth surfaced derivatives of the endoplasmic reticulum become refashioned into the Golgi membranes as the Golgi membranes are being refashioned into those that delimit secretory vacuoles. The variations encountered in the two hepatomas are described. The electron microscope literature dealing with the relations of the Golgi apparatus to secretory granules, on the one hand, and the endoplasmic reticulum, on the other, is reviewed briefly.

Thiamine Pyrophosphatase, Acid Phosphatase, and Alkaline Phosphatase in the Neurones of Helix Aspersa

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (67) ◽  
pp. 401-412
Author(s):  
NANCY J. LANE
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Sudan Iv

All three phosphatases have been found to be localized mainly in the cortices of bodies which have the distribution, size, and shape of the ‘blue’ and yellow lipid globules. Colouring neurone preparations with the lysochrome Sudan IV, either before or after incubation for thiamine pyrophosphatase or acid phosphatase activity, shows a sudanophil reaction in the medullary spaces surrounded by the cortices that hydrolyse both phosphates. It is concluded that the acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activities, which in vertebrates are present in the lysosomes and Golgi lamellae respectively, are mainly found, in these invertebrate neurones, in the phospholipid lamellae which form the externa of certain of the lipid globules present in the cytoplasm.

Phosphatases in the Neurones of Locusta Migratoria

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (68) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY S. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

Frozen sections of motor neurones in the thoracic ganglia of Locusta migratoria were treated for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity and for acid phosphatase activity. The TPPase-positive bodies range from 0.5 to 1.25 µ diameter and appear to be the small, membrane-bound inclusions described by Ashhurst and Chapman (1962) in their electron-microscope work; these are the smaller lipochondria of Shafiq (1953). The acid-phosphatase-positive bodies range from 1 to 2.5 µ, diameter and seem to be the lamellar aggregates described by Ashhurst and Chapman that are very similar to γ-cytomembranes, and which are the larger lipochondria of Shafiq. It is concluded that the enzyme content of the γ-cytomembranes is very different in this cell from their content in the vertebrate neurone, and doubt is thrown on the usefulness of TPPase activity as a marker for the Golgi apparatus in invertebrate tissue.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

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