Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) and Cancer-Associated Serum Antigen (CASA) in Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Prostate Disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Devine ◽  
M.D. Walsh ◽  
M. A. McGuckin ◽  
R. J. Quin ◽  
B. G. Hohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Prostate Disease ◽  
Serum Antigen ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Malignant Prostate

The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and the Cancer-Associated Serum Antigen (CASA) assay for the MUC1 mucin were compared in the serum of 303 patients with malignant or benign prostatic disease. Using cutpoints of 4, 10, and 20 μg/l, PSA was elevated in 93%, 81%, and 64% of patients with prostate cancer (n = 113), with corresponding specificities of 55%, 84%, and 96% in benign prostate disease (prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis, n = 190). Using the recommended cutpoint of 4 Units/ml, CASA was elevated in 38% of patients with prostate cancer, with a specificity of 91% in benign disease. PSA and CASA showed a poor correlation in prostate cancer (r = 0.367) and benign disease (r = 0.158), and CASA was elevated in some PSA negative samples. Used together, PSA ≥20 μg/l and CASA ≥4 kU/l gave perfect specificity in benign disease, with a corresponding sensitivity of 29% (positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 70%, respectively). However, this combination gave no improvement over the use of PSA alone, with sensitivity 47% when the cutpoint was raised to give perfect specificity. These data suggest that CASA is of little use as an adjunct to PSA in the differentiation of benign and malignant prostate disease.

scholarly journals Novel immunoassay for the measurement of complexed prostate-specific antigen in serum

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Jeffrey Allard ◽  
Zeqi Zhou ◽  
Kwok K Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Prostate Disease ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Artificial Mixtures

Abstract Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an effective diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer (CaP) at an early and potentially curable stage, but specificity is low. Studies have shown that the proportion of serum PSA complexed with α-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is higher in men with CaP than in men with benign prostate disease. We developed a novel immunoassay for complexed PSA based on the unique binding properties of a monoclonal antibody that fails to bind free PSA in the presence of antibodies specific for free PSA. The assay measured mixtures of free and complexed PSA accurately, and the measured values of free + complexed PSA in artificial mixtures and in patient sera were equivalent to the measured value of total PSA. Both the serum concentration and the proportion of complexed PSA was substantially higher in patients with CaP compared with patients with benign prostate disease. The cPSA assay may have utility in improving specificity in screening for prostate cancer.

Comparing Two Modalities of Screening for Prostate Cancer: Digital Rectal Examination + Transrectal Ultrasonography Vs. Prostate-Specific Antigen

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciatto ◽  
Rita Bonardi ◽  
Antonia Mazzotta ◽  
Claudio Lombardi ◽  
Roberto Santoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Attendance Rate ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Biopsy Rate

Aims and background To evaluate the performance and feasibility of screening for prostate cancer by comparing screening modalities. Methods Prospective study of two comparable cohorts of healthy resident males aged 60 to 75 years. Screening attenders in the two invited cohorts were screened either by digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), or by serum prostate-specific antigen determination (PSA: cutoff 4 ng/ml). Attendance and biopsy rates, predictive values, prevalence of screen-detected cancers, as well as screening costs were determined, and the efficiency of the two screening modalities was compared. Results 1425 subjects were screened by DRE + TRUS. Attendance rate was 33.7%, the biopsy rate was 2.7%, and the prevalence of detected cancers was 1.82%. A total of 1315 subjects was screened by PSA. Attendance rate was 66.9%, the biopsy rate was 2.8%, and the prevalence of detected cancers was 1.67%. Screen-detected cancer stage was more favorable than observed in clinical practice, and early detection was evident, with the prevalence/incidence ratio higher than 10:1 in both programs. The cost per subject screened was about 34,000 Lire for DRE + TRSU and about 30,000 Lire for PSA program. Conclusions The study confirms that early detection of prostate cancer is possible and that screening is practically feasible. Both screening modalities achieved comparable results as regards early detection, but screening by PSA had a higher compliance and lower costs. PSA seems the ideal test to be used in prospective controlled studies aimed at demonstrating screening efficacy.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urinary Prostate-Specific Antigen Glycoforms in Samples of Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Jen Hsiao ◽  
Tzong-Shin Tzai ◽  
Chein-Hung Chen ◽  
Wen-Horng Yang ◽  
Chung-Hsuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Benign Prostate

Glycans of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer were found to be different from that in benign disease. It is difficult to analyze heterogeneous PSA glycoforms in each individual specimen because of low protein abundance and the limitation of detection sensitivity. We developed a method for prostate cancer diagnosis based on PSA glycoforms. Specific glycoforms were screened in each clinical sample based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ion accumulation. To look for potential biomarkers, normalized abundance of each glycoform in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in prostate cancer was evaluated. The PSA glycoform, Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc1dHex1, and monosialylated, sialylated, and unfucosylated glycoforms differed significantly between the prostate cancer and BPH samples. The detection sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (60%) for prostate cancer identification are higher than those of the serum PSA marker. As low as 100 amol PSA could be detected with the ion accumulation method which has not been reported before. The improved detection specificity can help reduce unnecessary examinations.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Quantification of Prostate-specific Antigen and Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 mRNA in Blood Samples from Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ylikoski ◽  
Kim Pettersson ◽  
Jussi Nurmi ◽  
Kerttu Irjala ◽  
Matti Karp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Glandular Kallikrein ◽  
External Calibration Curve ◽  
Kallikrein 2

Abstract Background: Detection or quantification of circulating cancer cells has been proposed as an aid in detection and monitoring of several solid tumors. We investigated the classification accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) mRNA copy numbers in blood for the differentiation of patients with prostate cancer (PC) and benign disease. Methods: PSA and hK2 mRNA expression was studied in blood samples from 51 men with PC and 19 men with benign disease. Among the PC patients, 10 had organ-confined disease (pT1–pT2). We used a multiplexed reverse transcription-PCR assay with two highly target-like mRNA internal standards for the simultaneous quantification of PSA and hK2 mRNA. An external calibration curve covered the range of 102–106 mRNA copies. Results: PSA and hK2 mRNA were detected in 41 of 51 (median, 1200 copies/0.5 mL of blood) and 43 of 51 (median, 3800 copies/0.5 mL of blood) patients with PC, respectively, whereas only 1 of 19 men with benign disease was positive for both mRNAs (1500 PSA and 3100 hK2 mRNA copies/0.5 mL of blood; P <0.0001, Mann–Whitney U-test). Of the 10 patients with organ-confined PC, only 3 with low Gleason scores (≤5) were negative for both PSA and hK2 (P = 0.02, Mann–Whitney U-test). Conclusions: The presence of PC cells in the blood circulation is an early event in PC progression, and quantitative assays for PSA and hK2 mRNA discriminate benign from PC cases. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of the assays.

scholarly journals Proenzyme Forms of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Serum Improve the Detection of Prostate Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D Mikolajczyk ◽  
William J Catalona ◽  
Cindy L Evans ◽  
Harry J Linton ◽  
Lisa S Millar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Prostate Cancer Detection ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Benign Prostate

Abstract Introduction: Pro or precursor forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have emerged as potentially important diagnostic serum markers for prostate cancer detection. Immunoassays were developed to measure specific proPSA forms containing propeptides of 2, 4, and 7 amino acids [(-2)proPSA, (-4)proPSA, and (-7)proPSA, respectively]. Methods: Research-use dual monoclonal antibody immunoassays using europium-labeled detection monoclonal antibodies were developed for each form of proPSA. Sera from patients with prostate cancer or benign prostate disease containing 4–10 μg/L PSA were assayed and analyzed by area under the ROC curve (AUC) for specificity and sensitivity. Results: The proPSA forms had quantification limits of 0.015–0.025 μg/L in serum, with cross-reactivities <1% with PSA. The sum of the proPSA forms divided by free PSA (percentage proPSA) had a higher AUC than did percentage of (-2)proPSA, free PSA, and complexed PSA with AUC (95% confidence intervals) of 0.69 (0.64–0.74), 0.64 (0.58–0.68), 0.63 (0.58–0.68), and 0.57 (0.51–0.62), respectively. The proPSA comprised a median of 33% of the free PSA in cancer and 25% in noncancer sera (P <0.0001). One-third (33%) of cancer samples had >40% proPSA, whereas only 8% of noncancer samples did (P <0.0001). In men with cancer and >25% free PSA, the (-2)proPSA had an AUC of 0.77 (0.66–0.86), with 90% sensitivity and 36% specificity at 0.04 μg/L. Conclusions: The percentage of proPSA gave better cancer detection in the 4–10 μg/L range than did percentage of free PSA and complexed PSA. (-2)proPSA significantly discriminated cancer in men whose serum had >25% free PSA, for whom there is currently no good marker for cancer detection.

Utility and limits of serum prostate specific antigen determinations in prostatic cancer staging in view of surgical treatment

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rocca Rossetti ◽  
D.F. Randone ◽  
C. Terrone ◽  
M. Pasquale ◽  
F. Pecchio
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Pathological Stage ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Serum Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy

We investigated the clinical value of serum prostate specific antigen in 35 patients with apparently localized prostate cancer who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy at our Department. In this series preoperative prostate specific antigen levels tended to increase with the increasing severity of pathological stage. The positive and negative predictive values were 68.1% and 63.6% respectively, accuracy was 66.6%. In the case of lymph node involvment, PSA values were lower than 10 nanog./ml in 20% of cases. Prostate specific antigen values not useful to predict preoperatively the final pathological stage of the prostate cancer because of the wide range of values among patients within each stage.

scholarly journals PREPARASI PEREAKSI KIT IMMUNORADIOMETRlCASSAY FREE PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN UNTUK DETEKSI KANKER PROSTAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Puji Widayati ◽  
Gina Mondrida ◽  
Sri Setiyowati ◽  
Agus Ariyanto ◽  
V. Yulianti Susilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Free Condition ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Prostate Enlargement ◽  
Assay Design ◽  
Benign Prostate

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 daltons serine protease secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelial cells that lining acini and prostate gland. Increased of PSA levels can be caused by prostate cancer or benign prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH). PSA in the blood was found in the free condition (free PSA) and most of the bound protein (complexed-PSA, c-PSA). Measuring levels of PSA was found in the blood can be done by several methods such as by immunoradiometricassay (IRMA) methods or ELISA methods. IRMA method is one of immunoassay techniques using radionuclides ,/' 125 oJ I as a tracer, so the sample in small 13 quantity can be detected The purpose of this study was obtained PSA reagent kit that includes 1251labeled PSA as a tracer, PSA coated tube and PSA standard that requirements of the kit, then it can be optimized assay design, that eventually PSA reagent kit can be used for early detection of prostate cancer. It has been done labeling of Mab PSA using 125 1with reaction time was 90 seconds, amount of PSA MAb was 75 ugram and the activity of Na_ 125I was 1000 flCi. Preaparation of PSA coated tube using 0.05 M Na2C03 solution, at pH: 9.6 with volume was 250 ml., standard PSA with 0.025 Mphosphate buffer at pH 7.4 containing 5% BSA and 0.1% NaN3, and resulting at 1,25% and 14,12% respectively of NSB and BIT that requirement of the kit.Keywords: Prostate cancer, PSA, IRMA,NSB, Maximum Binding

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