scholarly journals Ascites matters

Ultrasound ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velauthan Rudralingam ◽  
Clare Footitt ◽  
Ben Layton
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Illness ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Line Imaging ◽  
Systemic Condition

The excess accumulation of intra-peritoneal fluid, referred to as ascites, is an important clue that points to a significant underlying illness. This may be due to a pathological event within the peritoneal cavity or secondary to an underlying systemic condition. Ascites is broadly classified into transudate and exudate, based on protein content, with a potential wide range of differential diagnoses. Traditionally, computed tomography has been regarded as the imaging modality of choice to demonstrate ascites and diagnose the underlying cause. However, ultrasound can reliably detect small volumes of fluid and is a useful first-line imaging modality for clinical triage. For instance, in the emergency setting, the detection of a trace of ascites may be the earliest indicator of an acute abdomen needing surgery. Ultrasound can quantify the volume of ascites and aid in the decision process for fluid drainage. Ultrasound is superior to computed tomography in the qualitative assessment of fluid. Broadly, simple fluid is anechoic, whereas complex fluid may appear particulate, layered or contain septations. On computed tomography, both have a uniform hypo-dense appearance and are often indistinguishable. Given ultrasound, in comparison to computed tomography, is safe, relatively inexpensive and readily available, it is a valuable tool in the assessment of ascites. Once ascites is detected on ultrasound, it is imperative for the operator to have a systematic approach to attempt to provide an underlying diagnosis. Through a series of cases, this article aims to increase awareness and reaffirm the role of ultrasound in the assessment of ascites.

scholarly journals Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of abdominal trauma in Sothern Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Puran . ◽  
Narendra Kumar Kardam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background: Abdominal injury constitutes a significant portion of all blunt and penetrating body injuries. Computed   tomography is an important and fast technique which gives rapid information on the type of abdominal injury and helps in management of the patient accordingly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in detection of intra-abdominal injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and to provide information that could accurately determine choice of management (non- operative versus operative). And to correlate the computed tomography (CT) findings with either clinical observation, follow up CT scan (if required) or surgical findings (wherever applicable).Methods: A total of 50 patients with abdominal trauma who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination were included. CT findings were compared with surgical findings in operated cases, and in the rest CT findings were compared by clinical outcome.Results: Among the 50 cases studied, all 50 had positive CT findings of abdominal trauma, out of which 24 patients underwent surgery and the remaining were managed conservatively. The age group of the patients was ranging from 8 to 66 years with male predominance. In this study the commonest organs affected were liver and spleen accounting for 48% and 44% respectively.Conclusions: Computed tomography is an important and highly sensitive imaging modality for diagnosis of organ injuries in patients with abdominal trauma and accordingly deciding the management of patient.

The use of computed tomography as a first-line imaging modality in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

HORMONES ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechteld C. de Jong ◽  
K. Jamal ◽  
S. Morley ◽  
T. Beale ◽  
T. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Imaging

Defining the Role of Duplex Ultrasound Assessment to Determine Severity of Arterial Calcification: An Analysis of the Superficial Femoral Artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Charlotte Taylor ◽  
Lukasz P. Zielinski ◽  
Mohammed M. Chowdhury ◽  
Patrick A. Coughlin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Calcification Score

Lower limb arterial calcification associates with poor cardiovascular outcomes. The gold standard method of assessment is via computed tomography, yet duplex is our primary imaging modality. Currently, there is no standardized objective assessment of lower limb arterial calcification using duplex. We aimed to define the role of duplex in the assessment of lower limb arterial calcification. Initial consensus was achieved between a cohort of vascular scientists on objective imaging specific markers of lower limb arterial calcification severity using duplex. This resulted in objective descriptions to grade calcification from 0 to 3 (no calcification through to severe calcification) which formed the duplex lower limb arterial calcification score. Reproducibility of the duplex lower limb arterial calcification score was assessed and further validation was undertaken by comparing the duplex lower limb arterial calcification with computed tomography–based assessment in a separate cohort of 44 patients investigated with both modalities. The intra- and inter-class correlation coefficient were > 0.87 . The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the duplex and CT based arterial calcium measurements was (ρ = 0.644, P < .001). The duplex lower limb arterial calcification score provides a standardized and reproducible modality for assessment of lower limb arterial calcification and may aid with risk stratification in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Developing the Role of the Consultant Sonographer

Ultrasound ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cantin ◽  
Julie Richards
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Patient Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Ultrasound remains a popular imaging modality for a wide range of clinical specialities. The need for ultrasound services seems to rise inexorably. Government imposed targets, in particular the 18 week patient pathway and two week wait for patients with suspected cancer, have placed diagnostic departments under the spotlight as never before. Imaging departments have to evaluate services and workforce carefully to meet these challenges. This paper explores how skill-mix and in particular, the introduction of a Consultant sonographer, is being used to address some of these issues within the ultrasound department in Plymouth.

CT and PET/CT-Guided Interventional Radiology Procedures

2011 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Daniel A.T. Souza ◽  
Milana Flusberg ◽  
Paul B. Shyn ◽  
Servet Tatli ◽  
Stuart G. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Percutaneous Interventions ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interventional Radiology Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Ct

Over the last several decades, computed tomography (CT) has become a critical imaging modality for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. CT has also become a valuable guidance modality for a large number of percutaneous interventions that are generally divided into diagnostic and therapeutic categories. This chapter discusses common diagnostic CT-guided interventions include biopsies, aspirations, and drainages, and other PET/CT-guided interventional radiology procedures.

Use of ultrasonography by veterinary surgeons in small animal clinical emergencies

Ultrasound ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Mantis
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Computed tomography may be the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing haemorrhage after trauma; however, it has limited availability in veterinary medicine, requires sedation or anaesthesia to restrain the animal, and is expensive. Ultrasound, in many situations, offers a portable, rapid and economic alternative. This article reviews the use of ultrasound by veterinary surgeons in the emergency setting. Both thoracic and abdominal applications are described.

Imaging in Nontraumatic Pediatric Head and Neck Emergencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 263-293
Author(s):  
Meghna Chadha ◽  
Zhiyun Yang ◽  
Shehanaz Ellika
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
First Line ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Line Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Fascial Spaces

AbstractPediatric patients often present to the emergency department with a wide variety of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic lesions of the head and neck. Evaluation of pediatric patients in the emergency setting is complicated by limited history and physical examination. Imaging plays an important role in arriving at an accurate diagnosis. The fascial spaces and compartments of the neck provide an approach to differential diagnosis, and knowledge of the typical clinical and imaging manifestations of common pediatric head and neck emergencies allows the radiologist to identify the condition and associated complications that may require emergent surgical management. Computed tomography (CT) is the first-line imaging modality in the emergency setting; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important secondary role.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MULTI-SLICE SPIRAL CT IN EVALUATION OF NECK MASS WITH CYTOLOGICAL CORRELATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Das Runa ◽  
Aniruddha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Display Time ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Anatomical Localization

Abstract: The swellings in the neck can be caused by innumerable pathological lesions arising from the various anatomical structures lying therein. Multi-Detector CT (MDCT) has now become the new standard in a radiological imaging modality. The utilization of MDCT has resulted in improved resolution and considerable reductions in scan acquisition and display time. Aim and Objective: This study is an effort to assess the role of MDCT in detection, characterization and diagnosing neck pathologies that correlate cytologically. Material and Methods: A study of 50 cases in a clinically suspected neck mass was studied for 1 year. Contrast-enhanced Ct neck was done and Specific CT criteria were used to characterize the mass so that a probable diagnosis could be made. MDCT diagnoses then compared with cytological results to conclude the efficiency of MDCT analysis of neck mass. Conclusion: Multi-detector computed tomography helps in precise anatomical localization and characterization of neck masses. Hence, it will be a method of choice for initial evaluation, preoperative planning, and biopsy targeting and postoperative follow-up. Key Words: Neck mass; Cervical lymph node; Computed tomography; Carcinoma.

scholarly journals Mimickers of Acute Appendicitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam Amer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common surgical diagnosis in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain. A wide variety of other clinical conditions can present with a very similar presentation to acute appendicitis and therefore it can be occasionally challenging to make the correct diagnosis. In this review paper, the focus is to shed some light on the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis which includes a variety of gastrointestinal, vascular, urological, and gynaecological conditions. In the emergency setting there are three main imaging modalities to evaluate patients presenting with abdominal pain, this includes computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The choice of imaging modality for each clinical condition is variable and as such being familiar with those differential diagnoses is vital in deciding what is the best imaging modality for every patient presenting with abdominal pain.

scholarly journals The Role of Cardiac Computed Tomography in Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Atresia

2015 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Oktavia Lilyasari
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Atresia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Great Vessels

Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in about 6 to 8 of 1000 live births with the increasing prevalence can be attributed to major improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Imaging has an important role in diagnosis of CHD. It outlines anatomy and physiology, helps to refine management, evaluates the consequences of interventions and helps guide prognosis. However, no single available imaging modality fulfills these roles for all patients and diseases. Therefore, assessment for CHD must involve multimodalities that can be used in a complementary fashion, and that together are sensitive, accurate, reproducible, and cost effective, whilst minimizing harm.In previous years, the diagnosis and the treatment of congenital malformations have often depended on cardiac catheterization. In many institutions, cardiac catheterization still remains the gold standard against which other modalities are measured. In the past decade, however, imaging methodologies have increasingly shifted toward the use of less invasive and noninvasive techniques. Although echocardiography is the most commonly used imaging modality for diagnosis and follow-up of subjects with CHD, the evolution of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and increasingly computed tomography (CT) does offer new ways to visualize the heart and the great vessels.

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