Anime’s Performativity: Diversity through Conventionality in a Global Media-Form

Animation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevie Suan
Keyword(s):  
Formal System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Working Through ◽  
System Database ◽  
Character Design ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Media Form

Anime is a globally prominent media-form with a multitude of styles, yet it maintains a relative uniformity to sustain a recognizable identity as a particular category of media. The performance of the recognizably ‘anime-esque’ is what distinguishes anime as a type of animation, allowing it to be sold and consumed as ‘anime’. Anime, and its recognizable identity, are performatively constituted by a series of anime-esque acts performed in animation, citing a system/database of conventionalized models in each iteration. What we recognize as ‘anime proper’ are not just ‘animations from Japan’, but animations that perform large quantities of anime-esque acts. However, anime must continuously work through the problematic of maintaining its identity without redundancy, each performance working through the tensions of diversity and uniformity: in straying too far from a conventional model, it loses anime-esque recognizability and cannot be sold/consumed as anime. As such, anime’s identity negotiates the dynamic divisions between uniformity, repetition and the global on the one hand, and diversity, variation and the local, on the other. Working through this problematic entails a different type of creativity as combinations of citations from conventional models in each performance negotiate that particular anime’s identity as an anime production and its distinction from other anime. Anime’s problematic is not only invoked through the engagement of conventionalized models of character design and narrative, but also in the technical processes/materiality of animation, which cite character models and conventionalized acting expressions when animated. Yet it is not just the material limits of the medium of animation. There is another limit in the performance of anime in the act of citation that facilitates the doing (and selling) of anime: in the repeated acts of the anime-esque, in the serialization of anime as a media-form, the contours of anime’s formal system become a factor of convergence.

‘Disappointed romantics’: Troubled Heritage in the BBC's John le Carré Adaptations

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Oldham
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Working Through ◽  
John Le Carre ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Television Medium

This article analyses three serialised adaptations of John le Carré novels produced by the BBC: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979), Smiley's People (1982) and A Perfect Spy (1987). It aims firstly to position them in the context of developments and trends during the period of the serials' production. It explores how, on the one hand, they were produced as variants on the classic serial model which aimed for a more contemporary focus and aesthetic in response to concurrent developments in British television drama, and on the other, how they have a complex and ambivalent relationship with the genre of television spy fiction. Secondly, this article builds upon this positioning of the serials to explore how the themes of le Carré’s novels are interpreted specifically for the television medium. Central to this is the issue of temporal displacement, as television's process of ‘working through’, often considered as characteristic of the medium's immediacy and ‘liveness’, is in this case delayed over many years by a cycle of continual adaptation. Here a particular narrative – the defection of Kim Philby in 1963 – resonates across three decades and is worked through in a variety of approaches, initially in the novels and subsequently reworked on television. It then examines how this manifests in the television adaptations in a contemporary heritage aesthetic which is complex and highly troubled.

scholarly journals FOLLOW THE MONEY: A LARGE-SCALE INVESTIGATION OF MONETIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION ON YOUTUBE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Coromina ◽  
Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández ◽  
Bernhard Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Industries ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Media System ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

While YouTube has become a dominant actor in the global media system, the relationship between platform, advertisers, and content creators has seen a series of conflicts around the question of monetization. Our paper draws on a critical media industries perspective to investigate the relationship between YouTube’s evolving platform strategies on the one side and content creators’ tactical adaptations on the other. This concerns the search for alternative revenue streams as well as content and referencing optimization seeking to grow audiences and algorithmic visibility. Drawing on an exhaustive sample (n=153.770) of “elite” channels (more than 100.000 subscribers) and their full video history (n=138.340.337), we parse links in video descriptions to investigate the appearance and spread of crowdfunding platforms like Patreon, but also of affiliate links, merchandise stores, or e-commerce websites like Etsy. We analyze the evolution of video length and posting frequency in response to platform policy as well as visibility tactics such as metadata and category optimization, keyword stuffing, or title phrasing. Taken together, these elements provide a broad picture of “industrialization” on YouTube, that is, of the ways creators seek to develop their channels into media businesses. While this contribution cannot replace more qualitative, in-depth research into particular channels or channel groups, we hope to provide a representative picture of YouTube’s elite channels and their quest for visibility and success from their beginnings up to early 2020.

The Philosophy of African Logic

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Jonathan O. Chimakonam
Keyword(s):  
Formal System ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Applicability

The chapter aims to do two things: 1) a rigorous presentation of philosophy of African logic and 2) to do this from the perspective of Ezumezu (an African) logic. The chapter will proceed by defining the three aspects of Ezumezu logic namely: 1) as a formal system, 2) as methodology, and 3) as a philosophy of African logic. My inquiry in this work primarily is with the philosophy of African logic but it will also cut across formal logic and methodology in addition. In the first section, I will attempt to show how the cultural influence behind the formulation of the principles of African logic justifies such a system as relative on the one hand, and how the cross-cultural applications justify it as universal on the other. I believe that this is where African philosophical assessment of African logic ought to begin because most critics of the idea of African logic agitate that an African system of logic, if it is ever possible, must necessarily lack the tincture of universal applicability. Afterwards, I will narrow my inquiry down to the African philosophy appraisal of African logic with an example of Ezumezu system. This focus is especially critical because it purveys a demonstration of a prototype system of an African logic. In the section on some principles of Ezumezu logic, I will attempt to accomplish the set goal of this chapter by presenting and discussing some principles of Ezumezu logic which I had formulated in earlier works in addition to formulating a few additional ones. The interesting thing to note here is that these principles are/will all (be) articulated from the African background ontology. I will conclude by throwing further light on the merits, nature and promises of an African logic tradition.

scholarly journals Times of power, knowledge and critique in the work of Foucault

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Portschy
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Social Time ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
Critical Social

While Michel Foucault is commonly considered as a thinker with a primary interest in space and spatiality, his use of temporal categories, tropes and metaphors has until recently been only partially reconstructed. Working through different phases of his writings and lectures, this paper argues that Foucault opened a complex and interesting – yet to be acknowledged – analytical perspective on historically dominant, but fundamentally contested forms of social time-regimes, which accounts especially for contingent ruptures, silent continuities and the power-structured contexts of their emergence. Elucidating conceptual tools designed towards the analysis of rationalities and practises of temporal government and approaching social time regimes along the axes of power, knowledge and subjectivity, the aim of this paper is twofold: on the one side, it tries to further contribute to a ‘temporal turn’ in Foucault studies; on the other, it attempts to develop a Foucauldian vocabulary of temporal analysis as an alternative or supplement to established approaches in the field of critical social time studies.

scholarly journals Cloud Based Data Protection in Anonymously Controlled SDN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shen ◽  
Jun Shen ◽  
Chin-Feng Lai ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Tianqi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
Single Controller ◽  
The One

Nowadays, Software Defined Network (SDN) develops rapidly for its novel structure which separates the control plane and the data plane of network devices. Many researchers devoted themselves to the study of such a special network. However, some limitations restrict the development of SDN. On the one hand, the single controller in the conventional model bears all threats, and the corruption of it will result in network paralysis. On the other hand, the data will be increasing more in SDN switches in the data plane, while the storage space of these switches is limited. In order to solve the mentioned issues, we propose two corresponding protocols in this paper. Specifically, one is an anonymous protocol in the control plane, and the other is a verifiable outsourcing protocol in the data plane. The evaluation indicates that our protocol is correct, secure, and efficient.

The Philosophy of African Logic

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-239
Author(s):  
Jonathan O. Chimakonam
Keyword(s):  
Formal System ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Applicability

The chapter aims to do two things: 1) a rigorous presentation of philosophy of African logic and 2) to do this from the perspective of Ezumezu (an African) logic. The chapter will proceed by defining the three aspects of Ezumezu logic namely: 1) as a formal system, 2) as methodology, and 3) as a philosophy of African logic. My inquiry in this work primarily is with the philosophy of African logic but it will also cut across formal logic and methodology in addition. In the first section, I will attempt to show how the cultural influence behind the formulation of the principles of African logic justifies such a system as relative on the one hand, and how the cross-cultural applications justify it as universal on the other. I believe that this is where African philosophical assessment of African logic ought to begin because most critics of the idea of African logic agitate that an African system of logic, if it is ever possible, must necessarily lack the tincture of universal applicability. Afterwards, I will narrow my inquiry down to the African philosophy appraisal of African logic with an example of Ezumezu system. This focus is especially critical because it purveys a demonstration of a prototype system of an African logic. In the section on some principles of Ezumezu logic, I will attempt to accomplish the set goal of this chapter by presenting and discussing some principles of Ezumezu logic which I had formulated in earlier works in addition to formulating a few additional ones. The interesting thing to note here is that these principles are/will all (be) articulated from the African background ontology. I will conclude by throwing further light on the merits, nature and promises of an African logic tradition.

The Role of Emulation in Corneille's Polyeucte

PMLA ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The One

Any critic writing on Polyeucle must come to grips with a problem that is specific to this particular play (not merely generic, as the conflict between two kinds of “love-duty”). He must ask himself, “Why did Corneille, the poet of heroic humanism, choose to write about Christian martyrdom?” I do not believe it is an adequate answer to say that he did not write about Christian martyrdom but, once again, about heroic humanism. It must have been obvious to Corneille that on the one hand martyrdom had something in common with heroism and on the other that it provided a new variation on the theme. The question, then, is to identify this new variation, to determine the quiddity of Polyeucte, the special light it throws on the Cornelian glorification of man. If Corneille's theater as a whole is about idealism, its potential and its dangers, then the Christian idealism of the martyr is particular in several ways. It demands the ultimate sacrifice, which is not necessarily demanded of the secular hero. The martyr must not only risk his life, he must give it. At the same time, it promises an ultimate in glory. Thus, both the “danger” and the “potential” are extreme. It is this aspect of martyrdom that enters the dramaturgy of Polyeucte in the conflicts between the heroic Christian idealism of Polyeucte and Néarque and the various forms and levels of religious and secular idealism represented by the other characters (and Polyeucte and Néarque) at different moments of the play. But there is a related yet even more fundamental aspect of martyrdom that is built into the fabric and structure of Polyeucle. As Tertullian wrote (A pologeticus, Ch. i), “The more you mow us down, the more quickly we grow; the blood of Christians is fresh seed.” Grace, working through the example of the martyr, leads others to augment the ranks of the Christians. It is this theme of emulation that is central in Polyeucte and forms the link between the two worlds of heroic humanism and Christian martyrdom. As has often been pointed out, admiration is a key emotion in Corneille's theatre. But it is not solely an emotion the playwright hopes to evoke in the spectator; it is also a basic response of many characters to the noble and courageous actions of other characters and a response they hope to arouse in others by their own actions. Now the term admiration, the act of gazing at with wonder, can (and did at times in the Latin) imply strong approval and desire. Admiration may, as it very often does in Corneille, lead to emulation. I should like to suggest that in this theme the seventeenth-century dramatist discovered a religious analogue to the admiring imitation of a model or an ideal self-image that we find typical of so many of his secular heroes.

LINGUA CHARACTERICA AND CALCULUS RATIOCINATOR: THE LEIBNIZIAN BACKGROUND OF THE FREGE-SCHRÖDER POLEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
JOAN BERTRAN-SAN MILLÁN
Keyword(s):  
Formal System ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Logical Theory ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
System A ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Ideal Language ◽  
The One

Abstract After the publication of Begriffsschrift, a conflict erupted between Frege and Schröder regarding their respective logical systems which emerged around the Leibnizian notions of lingua characterica and calculus ratiocinator. Both of them claimed their own logic to be a better realisation of Leibniz’s ideal language and considered the rival system a mere calculus ratiocinator. Inspired by this polemic, van Heijenoort (1967b) distinguished two conceptions of logic—logic as language and logic as calculus—and presented them as opposing views, but did not explain Frege’s and Schröder’s conceptions of the fulfilment of Leibniz’s scientific ideal. In this paper I explain the reasons for Frege’s and Schröder’s mutual accusations of having created a mere calculus ratiocinator. On the one hand, Schröder’s construction of the algebra of relatives fits with a project for the reduction of any mathematical concept to the notion of relative. From this stance I argue that he deemed the formal system of Begriffsschrift incapable of such a reduction. On the other hand, first I argue that Frege took Boolean logic to be an abstract logical theory inadequate for the rendering of specific content; then I claim that the language of Begriffsschrift did not constitute a complete lingua characterica by itself, more being seen by Frege as a tool that could be applied to scientific disciplines. Accordingly, I argue that Frege’s project of constructing a lingua characterica was not tied to his later logicist programme.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bachner
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Working Through ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

As a conclusion this chapter analyses the negotiation between inscription and erasure in poststructuralist thought. Together with a critique of poststructuralist logic, it probes different stances against inscription: the desire to escape from inscription and, indeed, to forgo marking by invoking the power of the unmarked on the one hand and the critique of the limited figurative economy and indeed disregard for materiality ascribed to inscriptive theories on the other. In spite of their anti-inscriptive stance, however, these interventions still implicitly work within the logical bounds of inscriptive theories. In contrast, The Mark of Theory argues that only a thorough critical working through of the politics and imaginaries of inscription and a scrutiny of the pervasiveness of inscriptive figures can lead to a scenario in which poststructuralist theories can become the prehistories of a thought to come.

Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Roberts
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Formal System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
External Control ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The West ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The One

To what extent are international legal rules formally applicable, and practically relevant, to a prolonged military occupation? The question has assumed prominence because of the exceptional duration of the occupation by Israel of various territories that came under its control in the war of June 5–10, 1967. The situation there has had two classic features of a military occupation: first, a formal system of external control by a force whose presence is not sanctioned by international agreement; and second, a conflict of nationality and interest between the inhabitants, on the one hand, and those exercising power over them, on the other. In highlighting these features, the Palestinian uprising, or intifada, which began in Gaza and the West Bank in December 1987, has added urgency to the question of the law applicable to prolonged occupations.

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