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Perspektif ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Kartika ◽  
Mas Roro Diah Wahyu Lestari

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya minat baca masyarakat Indonesia terutama pada tingkat sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan peningkatan literasi siswa antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol serta untuk mengetahui seberapa besar perbedaan peningkatan literasinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 15 Sungailiat dengan sampel sebanyak 44 siswa kelas 1. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan model quasi eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes uraian dengan jumlah 20 butir soal Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji-t. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu terdapat perbedaan peningkatan literasi kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol, dengan signifikansi data p<0,05; dan uji t dari kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol memiliki perbedaan sebesar 3.070. Serta kenaikan literasi antara kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan sastra anak dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model konvensional terdapat perbedaan sebesar 17,3%. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan literasi anak. Abstract This research is motivated by the low interest in reading Indonesian people, especially at the elementary school level. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the increase in student literacy between the experimental class and the control class and to find out how big the difference in the increase in literacy is. This research was conducted at SDN 15 Sungailiat with a sample of 44 first grade students. The method used was quantitative with a quasi-experimental model. The data collection technique used is a test. The instrument used is a description test with a total of 20 items. The data analysis technique used is the t-test. The results of the study are that there are differences in the increase in literacy between the experimental class and the control class, with a data significance of p<0.05; and the t test of the experimental class and the control class has a difference of 3,070. As well as the increase in literacy between the experimental class using children's literature and the control class using the conventional model, there is a difference of 17.3%. The results of this study are expected to help students in improving children's literacy.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Xu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Feng ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Zhihe Zhao ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Constricted maxillary bone is a common skeletal deformity, which may lead to crowding and posterior crossbite. Mid-palatal suture expansion is often used to increase the maxillary width, but its skeletal effects are limited and tend to relapse, even with prolonged retention. We hypothesized that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may reduce the relapse of maxillary expansion. Methods We established a novel rat maxillary expansion model using palatal tubes with an insertable “W”-shaped spring which can be repeatedly activated. A total of 32 male healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the PTH group, the expansion group, the expansion + PTH group, the expansion + relapse group and the expansion + PTH + relapse group. All animals in the first 4 groups were killed after 10 days and the 2 relapse groups were killed after 15 days. The maxillary arch widths and histological staining were used to assess the expansion and relapse effects. The immunohistochemical staining, micro-CT, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the bone remodeling during expansion. Results The suture width was increased by the expansion device, and the repeated activation maxillary expansion rat model showed better expansion effects than the conventional model. PTH significantly promoted the expansion width and reduced the relapse ratio. Meanwhile, in the expansion + PTH group, histological and immunohistochemical staining showed that osteoblasts, osteoclasts, new cartilage and osteoid were significantly increased, micro-CT showed increased bone mass, and PCR and Western blot results confirmed up-regulation of RANKL, β-catenin, type II collagen and OCN. Conclusion The novel repeated activation maxillary expansion rat model has better effects than the conventional model. PTH enhances the maxillary expansion and reduces its relapse by regulating Wnt/β-catenin and RANKL pathways. PTH administration may serve as an adjunctive therapy in addition to mechanical expansion for treatment of maxillary constriction.


Author(s):  
Johannes T. Neumann ◽  
Moeen Riaz ◽  
Andrew Bakshi ◽  
Galina Polekhina ◽  
Le T.P. Thao ◽  
...  

Background: The use of a polygenic risk score (PRS) to improve risk prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) events has been demonstrated to have clinical utility in the general adult population. However, the prognostic value of a PRS for CHD has not been examined specifically in older populations of individuals aged ≥70 years, who comprise a distinct high-risk subgroup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of a PRS for incident CHD events in a prospective cohort of older individuals without a history of cardiovascular events. Methods: We used data from 12 792 genotyped, healthy older individuals enrolled into the ASPREE trial (Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly), a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of daily 100 mg aspirin on disability-free survival. Participants had no previous history of diagnosed atherothrombotic cardiovascular events, dementia, or persistent physical disability at enrollment. We calculated a PRS (meta-genomic risk score) consisting of 1.7 million genetic variants. The primary outcome was a composite of incident myocardial infarction or CHD death over 5 years. Results: At baseline, the median population age was 73.9 years, and 54.9% were female. In total, 254 incident CHD events occurred. When the PRS was added to conventional risk factors, it was independently associated with CHD (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.08–1.42], P =0.002). The area under the curve of the conventional model was 70.53 (95% CI, 67.00–74.06), and after inclusion of the PRS increased to 71.78 (95% CI, 68.32–75.24, P =0.019), demonstrating improved prediction. Reclassification was also improved, as the continuous net reclassification index after adding PRS to the conventional model was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.15–0.28). Conclusion: A PRS for CHD performs well in older people and improves prediction over conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Our study provides evidence that genomic risk prediction for CHD has clinical utility in individuals aged 70 years and older. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01038583


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Matveev ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Gennady Sergienko ◽  
Arkadi Kreter ◽  
Sebastijan Brezinsek ◽  
...  

Abstract Based on the conventional model of hydrogen retention in plasma-facing components, the question of hydrogen outgassing during and after plasma exposure is addressed in relation to mass spectrometry and laser-induced breakdown sprectroscopy (LIBS) measurements. Fundamental differences in retention and release data acquired by LIBS and by mass spectrometry are described analytically and by modelling. Reaction-diffusion simulations are presented that demonstrate possible thermal outgassing effects caused by LIBS. Advantages and limitations of LIBS as a tool for analysis of short term retention are discussed.


Akademika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Moh. Fahri Yasin ◽  
Teguh Teguh

Abstract:. The purpose of this study is to test 1) The existence of learning outcomes of Light Vehicle Engine Maintenance (PMKR) between students who get the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and learning motivation on sent learning outcomes with conventional learning models, 2) There is an interaction between the PBL learning model and learning motivation on learning outcomes in PMKR lessons. 3) There are differences in the PMKR learning outcomes of students who have high learning motivation who receive the PBL learning model treatment. 4) There are differences in learning outcomes of light vehicle engine maintenance students who have low learning motivation who get the PBL learning model. This study used an experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population was 80 students, the sample to be used was 66 students taken using smple random sampling technique. Then from the 66 students into 2 groups where Group 1 gathered 33 students into the Experiment Class which was taught with the PBL learning model and Group 2 returned 33 students from the Control class who were taught by the conventional model. The results showed that there were differences in learning outcomes between students who received treatment Problem Based Learning learning model and students who received conventional learning model treatment. There is an interaction between the learning model and learning motivation. Students who have learning motivation are more suited to the PBL model, while students who have low learning motivation are more suited to using the conventional model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Jufri Jufri

This research is aimed at identifying the students’ ability in reading by using scaffolding teaching model. This is an experimental research that was carried out at senior high school. There were three senior high schools in Padang that became the location of the research, namely SMAN 1, SMAN 7 and SMAN 8 Padang.  The population for this research consisted of the students studying at grade X at the three schools respectively. Meanwhile, the sample was taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The whole number of sample was 192 students, namely, 64 students studying at each school. The research instrument used in this research was reading test consisting of 30 items. After carrying the research for about three months the researcher found the result as follows. The findings of the research indicated that the students’ reading achievement taught by scaffolding model was better than those who were taught by conventional model. To prove it, the researcher used t-test formula. The result showed that scaffolding model gave significant effect towards the students reading ability compared to the conventional one.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8175
Author(s):  
Haoyao Nie ◽  
Xiaohua Nie

Kalman filter (KF) is often based on two models, which are phase angle vector (PAV) model and orthogonal vector (OV) model, in the application of distorted grid AC signal detection. However, these two models lack rigorous and detailed derivation from the principle of dynamic modeling. This paper presents a phase angle vector dynamic (PAVD) model and an orthogonal vector dynamic (OVD) model, which are combined with Kalman filter for detecting distorted grid AC signal. They reveal that the state noise covariance of the dynamic model−based KF is related to the sampling cycle, and overcome the defect of more detecting error for conventional model−based KF. Experiment and evaluation results show that the proposed KF algorithms are reasonable and effective. Therefore, this paper contributes a guiding significance for the application of KF algorithm in harmonic detection.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8025
Author(s):  
Sigmund Singer ◽  
Shlomi Efrati ◽  
Meir Alon ◽  
Doron Shmilovitz

This paper describes the matching of various loads to sources (including nonlinear ones). The purpose of matching is to extract the maximum available power from the source. This has particular importance for renewable sources and energy-harvesting devices, in which unused energy is just wasted. The main innovations in this paper include (and followed by examples) simplified calculation of the matching parameter for a controllable load and matching by means of a family of power-conservative two-port networks, denoted POPI (Pin = Pout), such as transformers, gyrators, loss-free resistors (LFRs) and series LFRs (SLFRs). An additional innovation described in this paper is a new, simplified model of an HF power amplifier based on the series LFR concept. This model predicts that the efficiency of the HF power amplifier operated under the matched-mode condition can significantly exceed the 50% efficiency limit that is predicted by the conventional model. As HF power amplifiers drive antennas in transmission and some wireless power transfer (which uses radiative techniques) systems, it is clear that the operation of such systems in the matched-mode condition is not restricted to a 50% efficiency limit.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3397
Author(s):  
Franz von Bock und von Bock und Polach ◽  
Marco Klein ◽  
Moritz Hartmann

The interaction of waves and ice is of significant relevance for engineers, oceanographers and climate scientists. In-situ measurements are costly and bear uncertainties due to unknown boundary conditions. Therefore, physical laboratory experiments in ice tanks are an important alternative to validate theories or investigate particular effects of interest. Ice tanks use model ice which has down-scaled sea ice properties. This model ice in ice tanks holds disadvantages due to its low stiffness and non-linear behavior which is not in scale to sea ice, but is of particular relevance in wave-ice interactions. With decreasing stiffness steeper waves are required to reach critical stresses for ice breaking, while the non-linear, respectively non-elastic, deformation behavior is associated with high wave damping. Both are scale effects and do not allow the direct transfer of model scale test results to scenarios with sea ice. Therefore, the alternative modeling approach of Model Ice of Virtual Equivalent Thickness (MIVET) is introduced. Its performance is tested in physical experiments and compared to conventional model ice. The results show that the excessive damping of conventional model ice can be reduced successfully, while the scaling of the wave induced ice break-up still requires research and testing. In conclusion, the results obtained are considered a proof of concept of MIVET for wave-ice interaction problems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5130
Author(s):  
Vazhma Qaderi ◽  
Jessica Weimann ◽  
Lars Harbaum ◽  
Benedikt N. Schrage ◽  
Dorit Knappe ◽  
...  

Background: Right ventricular dysfunction is a major determinant of outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to identify echocardiographic right heart parameters associated with adverse outcome and to develop a non-invasive, echocardiography-based risk score for PAH patients. Methods and Results: In 254 PAH patients we analyzed functional status, laboratory results, and echocardiographic parameters. We included these parameters to estimate all-cause death or lung transplantation using Cox regression models. The analyses included a conventional model using guideline-recommended variables and an extended echocardiographic model. Based on the final model a 12-point risk score was derived, indicating the association with the primary outcome within five years. During a median follow-up time of 4.2 years 74 patients died or underwent lung transplantation. The conventional model resulted in a C-Index of 0.539, whereas the extended echocardiographic model improved the discrimination (C-index 0.639, p-value 0.017). Ultimately, the newly developed risk score included WHO functional class, 6-min walking distance, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide concentrations, pericardial effusion, right atrial area, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and fractional area change. Conclusion: Integrating right heart function assessed by echocardiography improves prediction of death or lung transplantation in PAH patients. Independent validation of this finding is warranted.


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