EXPRESS: Perceiving the facial trustworthiness: facial age, emotional expression and attractiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110471
Author(s):  
Yongna Li ◽  
Ziwei Chen ◽  
Xun Liu ◽  
Yue Qi
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness ◽  
Facial Age

People can make trustworthiness judgements based on facial characteristics. However, the previous findings regarding on whether facial age influences interpersonal trust are inconsistent. Using the trust game, the current study investigated the interactions of facial age with attractiveness and emotional expression in regarding to trustworthiness judgements. In experiments 1 & 2, younger participants were asked to invest in either younger or older faces that were shown for 2000 ms and 33 ms respectively. The results showed that people trust the faces of older people more than they do of younger people. There was also an interaction between facial age and attractiveness. The participants invested more money in older faces than in younger faces only when they perceived the faces to be less attractive. However, the interaction between facial age and emotional expression was inconsistent in the two experiments. The participants invested more money in older faces that were shown for 2000 ms when they perceived the happy and sad emotions, but they invested more money in older faces that were shown for 33 ms when they perceived the happy emotion. These results reveal that people make trustworthiness judgements based on multiple facial cues when they view strangers of different ages.

Children selectively favor leaders and prosocial agents in an economic exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Margoni ◽  
Elena Nava ◽  
Luca Surian
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Neutral Agent

Most cooperative interactions involve the expectation of mutual reciprocation and are based on interpersonal trust. Thus, understanding when and how humans acquire interpersonal trust can help unveiling the origins and development of children’s cooperative behavior. Here, we investigated whether prior socio-moral information about trading partners modulates the choice of preschool- (4-5 years) and school-age children (7-8 years) to share their own goods in a child-friendly version of the Trust Game. In this game, the trustee partner can repay the child’s initial investment or keep everything and betray the trustor. In two studies, we addressed whether trust is modulated by trustees exhibiting prosocial versus antisocial behaviors (Study 1, ‘helpers and hinderers’), or respect-based versus fear-based power (Study 2, ‘leaders and bullies’). Preschoolers trusted the leader more than the bully, and trusted the hinderer less than a neutral agent, but did not yet trust the helper more than the hinderer. The tendency to trust helpers more than hinderers increased with age as a result of the increased propensity to trust the prosocial agent. In Study 3, a group of preschoolers played the Dictator Game, a measure of pure generosity, with the same agents used for Study 1. Sharing rates were reliably lower than in Study 1, suggesting that the rates of investment in the trust game cannot be due solely to altruistic or indirect reciprocity motives. Overall, these findings indicate that, by age five, children understand complex cooperative exchanges and start relying on socio-moral information when deciding whom to trust.

scholarly journals Residential Mobility and Trust: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Need for Closure

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092097475
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Kaiqiang Xu ◽  
Ling Sun
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Moderating Role

This study examined the link between residential mobility and interpersonal trust building. Study 1 revealed a negative association between residential mobility and trust by measuring personal residential-mobility history. Study 2 demonstrated that participants who were momentarily primed with mobility showed a lower investment than participants in the control group in a trust game. The results of Study 3 showed that need for closure moderated the link between residential mobility and trust-building intention. Specifically, lower need-for-closure people had a significantly lower trust tendency in the mobility group than in the stable group. These findings illuminate the underlying influence of need for closure in the link between residential mobility and trust.

Neighborhood Stereotypes and Interpersonal Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia A. Gorbunova ◽  
Jens Ambrasat ◽  
Christian von Scheve
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
German Capital ◽  
Stereotype Content

Recent research indicates that segregation is, in addition to many other undesirable consequences, negatively associated with social capital, in particular, generalized trust within a community. This study investigates whether an individual's residential neighborhood and the stereotypes associated with this neighborhood affect others’ trusting behavior as a specific form of social exchange. Using an anonymous trust game experiment in the context of five districts of the German capital, Berlin, we show that trusting is contingent on others’ residential neighborhood rather than on deliberate assessments of trustworthiness. Participants show significantly greater trust toward individuals from positively stereotyped neighborhoods with favorable sociodemographic characteristics than to persons from negatively stereotyped neighborhoods with unfavorable sociodemographics. Importantly, when stereotypes and sociodemographic factors point in opposite directions, participants’ trust decisions reflect stereotype content.

Age differences in facial trustworthiness judgement based on multiple facial cues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongna Li ◽  
Xinyue Jiao ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chi‐Shing Tse ◽  
Yan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness

scholarly journals Administering questionnaires to older people: Rigid adherence to protocol may deny and disacknowledge emotional expression

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Kay de Vries ◽  
Carol J. Leppa ◽  
Rosemarie Sandford ◽  
Vasso Vydelingum
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Emotional Expression

scholarly journals Economic trust in young children

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1907) ◽  
pp. 20190822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra G. Rosati ◽  
Natalie Benjamin ◽  
Kerrie Pieloch ◽  
Felix Warneken
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Economic Exchange ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Human Social Behaviour

Mutually beneficial interactions often require trust that others will reciprocate. Such interpersonal trust is foundational to evolutionarily unique aspects of human social behaviour, such as economic exchange. In adults, interpersonal trust is often assessed using the ‘trust game’, in which a lender invests resources in a trustee who may or may not repay the loan. This game captures two crucial elements of economic exchange: the potential for greater mutual benefits by trusting in others, and the moral hazard that others may betray that trust. While adults across cultures can trust others, little is known about the developmental origins of this crucial cooperative ability. We developed the first version of the trust game for use with young children that addresses these two components of trust. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that 4- and 6-year-olds recognize opportunities to invest in others, sharing more when reciprocation is possible than in a context measuring pure generosity. Yet, children become better with age at investing in trustworthy over untrustworthy partners, indicating that this cooperative skill emerges later in ontogeny. Together, our results indicate that young children can engage in complex economic exchanges involving judgements about interpersonal trust and show increasing sensitivity to appropriate partners over development.

scholarly journals Facial age affects emotional expression decoding

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Fölster ◽  
Ursula Hess ◽  
Katja Werheid
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Facial Age

Effects of 7.5% CO2inhalation on allocation of spatial attention to facial cues of emotional expression

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie M. Cooper ◽  
Jayne E. Bailey ◽  
Alison Diaper ◽  
Rachel Stirland ◽  
Lynne E. Renton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Facial Cues

Interpersonal Trust: Development and Validation of a Self-Report Inventory and Clinical Application in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Botsford ◽  
Lars Schulze ◽  
Julian Bohländer ◽  
Babette Renneberg
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trust Game

Based on typical everyday trust situations, a short and ecologically valid self-report instrument for the assessment of interpersonal trust was developed (Interpersonal Trust Scenario Questionnaire [ITSQ]). Data from 1,359 clinical and nonclinical participants were analyzed to examine psychometric properties and group differences. The authors assessed interpersonal trust in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), patients with major depressive disorder, and patients with social anxiety disorder. Lastly, the relationship between interpersonal trust and the perceived quality of the therapeutic alliance was examined. The ITSQ showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.72). Convergent validity and discriminant validity were obtained for correlations with a hypothetical trust game, another interpersonal trust scale (KUSIV-3), risk propensity, optimism and pessimism, and the HEXACO-60. Patients with BPD showed the lowest interpersonal trust scores of all groups. Interpersonal trust and the perceived quality of the therapeutic alliance were significantly associated only in the group of patients with BPD.

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