Durkheim, Tarde and beyond

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Karstedt
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Institutional Regimes

Exchange, transport and import of crime policies takes place on a global scale. New strategies of crime prevention, models of institutions and interventions rapidly spread around the globe. Knowledge is increasingly shared among the `epistemic communities' of criminologists, and criminal justice and policing experts and practitioners. Notwithstanding the global scale of exchange, criminal justice systems and policies are definitely local, and embedded in traditions, culture and the particular institutional regimes of national states. This article explores how crime policies travel within a globalized world of nonetheless local legal and institutional cultures, and how we can conceptualize the routes of travelling they take. The article starts by analysing what exactly travels when crime policies are `en route'. Next, overarching concepts and convergence theories, which have played such a decisive role in analysing the globalization of crime policies are discussed. These are contrasted with loosely coupled concepts like actors, mechanisms and principles, following suggestions by Braithwaite and Drahos (2000). `Modelling' seems to be a mechanism that is most useful in describing present exchange and transport of crime polices.

Justice and the Vulnerable: Developments from the Eighth Forum on Minority Issues Regarding Criminal Justice Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
András L. Pap ◽  
Jacob Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Statements

The Eighth forum on minority protection chose to focus on the treatment of minorities within the criminal justice system. During this forum, many issues were discussed, and solutions proposed. These included both long-standing historical issues, as well as contemporary areas of concern on a global scale. First, this paper will examine the background to the forum, its intents and purposes. Secondly, it will draw on the context according to which the topic of the eighth forum was chosen. Thirdly, the paper will take a look at notable contributions in the opening statements and each working group. At the end of the paper, we will examine recurring themes and proposed solutions throughout the forum. The intention of the paper is not to be analytical, but rather to highlight the main focuses of the forum and points of interest. As the event was a global forum, the contributions were on a global scale. Since the issues discussed are often universal and are often found at varying levels across national justice systems, it has import for European legal scholars and offers practical lessons for better understanding the relationship between minorities and the criminal justice system.

“We’ll Take the Tough Ones”

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-584
Author(s):  
Chrysanthi S. Leon ◽  
Corey S. Shdaimah
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Diversion Programs ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Professional Goals ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Justice Systems

Expertise in multi-door criminal justice enables new forms of intervention within existing criminal justice systems. Expertise provides criminal justice personnel with the rationale and means to use their authority in order to carry out their existing roles for the purpose of doing (what they see as) good. In the first section, we outline theoretical frameworks derived from Gil Eyal’s sociology of expertise and Thomas Haskell’s evolution of moral sensibility. We use professional stakeholder interview data (N = 45) from our studies of three emerging and existing prostitution diversion programs as a case study to illustrate how criminal justice actors use what we define as primary, secondary, and tertiary expertise in multi-agency working groups. Actors make use of the tools at their disposal—in this case, the concept of trauma—to further personal and professional goals. As our case study demonstrates, professionals in specialized diversion programs recognize the inadequacy of criminal justice systems and believe that women who sell sex do so as a response to past harms and a lack of social, emotional, and material resources to cope with their trauma. Trauma shapes the kinds of interventions and expertise that are marshalled in response. Specialized programs create seepage that may reduce solely punitive responses and pave the way for better services. However empathetic, they do nothing to address the societal forces that are the root causes of harm and resultant trauma. This may have more to do with imagined capacities than with the objectively best approaches.

Fear of a School-to-Deportation Pipeline: How Teachers, Administrators, and Immigrant Students Respond to the Threat of Standardized Tests and Deportation

2021 ◽  
pp. 004208592110264
Author(s):  
Patricia Maloney ◽  
Duke W. Austin ◽  
SaunJuhi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
School Authority ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Authority Figures

Existing studies evaluate zero tolerance policies and the school-to-prison pipeline. Additional research identifies the role of criminal justice systems in deporting immigrants. Our work bridges these two literatures by discussing how immigrant students navigate the criminal justice system within schools. Using interviews with immigrant students, teachers, and administrators, we address the question: How is the school-to-deportation pipeline maneuvered by stakeholders? Our study identifies how school authority figures react to and even use the fear of the pipeline to (1) either protect students from becoming criminalized or (2) exclude students from standardized exam participation so as to maintain funding sources.

scholarly journals Unintended consequences of drug policies experienced by young drug users in contact with the criminal justice systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Jacek Moskalewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska ◽  
Maria Dich Herold ◽  
Franca Baccaria ◽  
Sara Rolando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Justice Systems

Setting the parameters of ‘digital (criminal) justice’ in Scotland

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Mike Nellis
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Scottish Government ◽  
Critical Literature

The term ‘digital justice’ has been used by the Scottish Government to delineate the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) in its civil, administrative and criminal justice systems. This paper concentrates on the latter area, outlining the content of the original 2014 digital justice strategy document and the subsequent Holyrood conferences used to promote it (Scottish Government, 2014). It notes gaps in the strategy, not least a failure to specify what human beings could and should be doing in digitized justice systems, and ambiguity about the endpoint of ‘full digitization’, which could be very threatening to existing forms of professional practice. It sets the policy debate in the broader context of increasing automation and the more critical literature on digitization, concluding with recommendations for a revised policy document, ideas which may be of interest outside Scotland.

scholarly journals The Gendered Path for Girls in Rural Communities: The Impact of COVID-19 on Youth Presenting at Juvenile Detention Facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110226
Author(s):  
April N. Terry ◽  
Ashley Lockwood ◽  
Morgan Steele ◽  
Megan Milner
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Court Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detention Facilities

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, girls and women represented one of the fastest growing populations within the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Since the spread of COVID-19, suggestions were provided to juvenile justice bodies, encouraging a reduction of youth arrests, detainments, and quicker court processing. Yet, the research comparing peri-COVID-19 changes for girls and boys is lacking, with an oversight to gender trends and rural and urban differences. This study used Juvenile Intake and Assessment Center (JIAC) data from a rural Midwestern state to look at rural and urban location trends for both boys and girls. Results suggest rural communities are responding differently to girls’ behaviors, revealing a slower decline in intakes compared to boys and youth in urban areas.

The Sentence is Only the Beginning: Hiccups in the Cross-Border Execution of Judgments in the Euregion Meuse-Rhine

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-217
Author(s):  
Johannes Keiler ◽  
André Klip
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Preliminary Phase ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract The cross-border execution of judgments remains difficult in practice for European Member States. This article seeks to analyze why this may be the case with regard to four different modalities of sentences: (1) prison sentences and other measures involving deprivation of liberty, (2) conditional sentences and alternative measures, (3) financial penalties and (4) confiscation orders. Based on a comparative analysis, this article investigates the problems at stake regarding the cross-border execution of judgements in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands and identifies possible causes and explanations for these. The analysis shows that impediments to cooperation may inter alia stem from differences in national law and diverging national sentencing practices and cultures and may furthermore be related to a lack of possibilities for cooperation in the preliminary phase of a transfer. Moreover, some obstacles to cooperation may be country-specific and self-made, due to specific choices and approaches of national criminal justice systems.

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