scholarly journals Outsourcing Outreach: ‘Counter-translation’ of Outreach Activities at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810342110587
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kent
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime ◽  
Over Time

This article examines the outreach activities of the ongoing trials in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). The ECCC was designed to hold the leaders of Cambodia's notoriously violent Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979) accountable. Outreach programmes have now become part of transitional justice initiatives as means to anchor their work in local and national consciousness in target countries. Using ethnographic data gathered in 2019–2020, this article explores how outreach activities have changed over time as they have become subject to new influences. I focus in particular on how some local actors have begun appropriating them in ways that represent a ‘counter-translation’ of the intentions originally propagated by the architects of the ECCC.

Cambodia

2019 ◽  
pp. 496-524
Author(s):  
Mahdev Mohan
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
State Building ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime ◽  
Key Aspects

This chapter studies international law in Cambodia. Cambodia’s evolving relationship with public international law must be understood in the context of the nation’s unique history and circumstances, which are marked by colonization, conflict, Vietnamese occupation, territorial administration, civil war, transitional justice, and state-building. Cambodia’s legal system has undergone significant changes from the early days of unwritten customary laws, to the imposition of French civil law, and thereafter the ‘legal vacuum’ created by the ultra-Marxist Khmer Rouge regime that left Cambodia in a state of war and international isolation until the 1980s. The chapter then outlines key aspects of international law in and apropos Cambodia that illustrate Cambodia’s reception of public international law, and its position as an active participant in the international legal system. Cambodia has certainly taken strides in its participation in dispute resolution on the international plane. However, its tryst with international law is a fractious one.

Perspectives on memory, forgiveness and reconciliation in Cambodia's post-Khmer Rouge society

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (910) ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong N. Pham ◽  
Mychelle Balthazard ◽  
Niamh Gibbons ◽  
Patrick Vinck
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime

AbstractTransitional justice is a conspicuous feature of responses to mass atrocities. Rooted in accountability and redress for victims, transitional justice mechanisms influence and are influenced by collective memory of conflicts. This article looks at the dynamics between memory, trauma and forgiveness in Cambodia. Thirty years after the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodians expressed limited knowledge of the past, a strong desire for the truth, and lingering feelings of hatred. The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) created or renewed demand for truth, along with some desire for harm to come to the wrongdoers. Although the ECCC was set up several decades after the mass atrocities, the data suggest that the ECCC and the civil society movement associated with it may have had positive outcomes on addressing the legacy of the violence.

scholarly journals Remembering and silencing complexity in post-genocide memorialisation: Cambodia’s Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum

2021 ◽  
pp. 175069802110372
Author(s):  
Timothy Williams
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime ◽  
Temporary Exhibitions

In genocide, complex political actors can take on changing roles of perpetrator, victim or hero at different points in time. In post-genocide societies, political actors seek to shape memory of the violent past to forward their own interests, often undermining this complexity and painting a more black-and-white picture that ties in with Transitional Justice practitioners’ dichotomous assumptions about perpetrators and victims. This article looks at how complexity is remembered and silenced in a post-genocide memorial space that included many complex political actors during its tenure as a security centre: Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum in Cambodia. Here, the audio guide and permanent and temporary exhibitions (as well as changes to these) allow for a co-existence of competing memories, demonising the Khmer Rouge regime for its immense cruelty and simultaneously constructing victimhood for former Khmer Rouge cadres. This could serve as a starting point for discussing complexity, but instead silences in the exhibitions and audio guide create an ambivalence in attributing these roles that masks this complexity.

scholarly journals Accessing Justice Through Victim Participation at the Khmer Rouge Tribunal

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Yesberg
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Victim Participation ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime ◽  
National Reconciliation

This article explores the role of victims in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) – the forum tasked with bringing leaders of the Khmer Rouge regime to justice. Victims have been afforded broad participatory rights at the ECCC, including the opportunity to be joined as third parties to the trial. These innovations must be applauded. However, the role victims can play in the wider process of national reconciliation remains under-utilised. This article suggests that victim participation can be used to increase public accessibility to the trial to ensure proceedings occupy a more positive, and prominent space in Cambodia's healing process.

Cambodian Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
New Era ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime ◽  
The Cold War

Cambodian modernity was chiefly shaped by the forces of colonization, decolonization, and the Cold War. These influences had singular consequences for art and culture in Cambodia, in turn shaping a distinct Cambodian modernism. From the establishment of a national art school in 1918 until the 1940s, Cambodian artists were forbidden to use forms that were perceived to be European. This was the result of a strict cultural policy designed to preserve and protect what were thought of as authentically traditional Cambodian arts and crafts. In the 1950s and 1960s, during King Norodom Sihanouk’s independent Cambodian SangkumReastrNiyum [People’s Socialist Community], the arts flourished as a key site for articulating a new nationalist identity. However, the promise of this period—popularly remembered as a cultural golden age—was shattered by violent political upheavals, beginning with the outbreak of civil war in 1970. During Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge regime of 1975–1979, approximately 1.7 million Cambodians perished, including an estimated ninety per cent of all artists and intellectuals. Under the regime, most familiar forms of art and culture were forbidden. In 1979, invading Vietnamese forces ousted the Khmer Rouge and in the following decade artistic production focused on rebuilding after the devastation. Finally, the 1992–1993 United Nations occupation of Cambodia heralded a new era of transnational cultural exchanges, often based in discourses of aid and development.

Leadership Role as a Deterrent Within International Conflict Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-155
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
International Security ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Epistemological Understanding ◽  
Over Time

Over time, political and social theorists have struggled to understand the constructive pathways of preventing, mediating, and transitioning societies away from conflict toward sustainable peace. The thread linking leadership with transitional justice instruments is the ontological and epistemological understanding of how to direct judicial strategies toward deterring interstate and intrastate violent activities. In today's environment, the emerging study of transitional justice is recognized as a staple for nation-building, democratic reform, and peacebuilding. This chapter addresses leadership and its role in the transitional justice system. Moreover, this presentation provides a leadership model for transitional justice practitioners as a means to influence deterrence measures and as a potential resolution of today's global judicial challenges with long-term international security implications.

scholarly journals “Pocketing” Research Data? Ethnographic Data Production as Material Theorizing

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Christine Neubert ◽  
Ronja Trischler
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Data Production ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

We analyze the relations between ethnographic data and theory through an examination of materiality in research practices, arguing that data production is a form of material theorizing. This entails reviewing and (re-)applying practice-theoretical discussions on materiality to questions of ethnography, and moving from understanding theory primarily as ideas to observing theorizing in all steps of research practice. We introduce “pocketing” as a heuristic concept to analyze how and when ethnographic data materializes: the concept defines data’s materiality relationally, through the affective and temporal dimensions of practice. It is discussed using two examples: in a study on everyday architectural experience where ethnographic data materialized as bodies affected by architecture; and in a study on digital cooperation where research data’s materialization was distributed over time according to the use of a company database. By conceptualizing data’s materiality as practice-bound, “pocketing” facilitates understanding the links between data and theory in ethnographic data production.

Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 21 The Vietnamese Intervention in Cambodia—1978

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fox Gregory H
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Armed Attack ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
History Of ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter discusses Vietnam’s 1978 invasion of Cambodia. It begins with a history of the antagonism between the two countries, then reviews the Cambodian border incursions that ultimately prompted the invasion and then describes the invasion itself. Drawing on the extensive debate over the intervention in the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly, the chapter then reviews three legal justifications offered at the time by the two countries and third parties: (i) a self-defense claim that Vietnam properly responded to a Cambodian armed attack, (ii) humanitarian intervention to stop the horrific abuses of the Khmer Rouge regime, and (iii) an invitation by an anti-Khmer Rouge faction of Cambodians. The chapter concludes that while the Vietnamese action is most frequently cited as an example of humanitarian intervention, few states (including Vietnam) made that claim at the time. The self-defense argument is more plausible while the invitation claim does not appear consistent with known facts.

scholarly journals Association Between Prolonged Grief and Attitudes Toward Reconciliation in Bereaved Survivors of the Khmer Rouge Regime in Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Stammel ◽  
Louisa Heinzl ◽  
Carina Heeke ◽  
Maria Böttche ◽  
Christine Knaevelsrud
Keyword(s):  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Khmer Rouge Regime
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