Composition and Antinociceptive Activity of the Essential Oil from Protium Heptaphyllum Resin

The chemical composition of the essential oil from Protium heptaphyllum resin was analyzed by GC/MS and the oil examined for antinociceptive activity in chemical and thermal tests. Fourteen compounds were characterized, representing 95.8% of the total essential oil, with the monoterpenes α-phellandrene (10.4%), α-terpinene (13.7%) and 1,8-cineole (58.7%) as major components. Oral administration of the essential oil (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited chemical nociception induced by capsaicin and formalin in mice. In rats, the oil also effectively enhanced the radiant heat-induced tail-flick latency response at a dose of 100 mg/kg. However, the essential oil, at either dose, was ineffective against thermal pain in the hot-plate test.

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Antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract and saponin from an edible vegetable: Vernonia amygdalina leaf

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.57.11135 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (57) ◽

pp. 7587-7606

Author(s):

PC Adiukwu ◽

◽

FIB Kayanja ◽

S Rugera ◽

BJ Murokore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Acetic Acid Solution ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Temperature Decrease ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Tail Flick Test ◽

Thermal Pain ◽

Crude Saponin

Vernonia amygdalina is commonly used for food and health purposes. The processing of the leaf for food is usually aimed at removing bitter tasting principles like saponins. This study was designed to determine the antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract, crude saponin and the chromatographic fraction of the crude saponin from the leaf. In the antipyretic evaluation, anal temperature change in fasted rats with prior induced pyrexia using intra-peritoneal administered 15% w/v Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was measured four hours after dose administration. In the antinociceptive evaluation, 0.6% acetic acid solution administered by intra peritoneal route at a dose of 15 ml/kg was used to induce writhing in the writhing test; hot plate at 55 °C ± 1 to induce thermal pain in the hot plate test; and cold mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1) maintained at -10 °C to initiate pain sensation in the cold tail flick tests. Antipyretic data showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) anal temperature decrease for all the test doses compared to the placebo. This was markedly observed with the aqueous extract at 0.55 oC ± 0.03 anal temperature decrease, compared to the 0.29 0C ± 0.01 of the crude saponin, at a similar dose level of 400 mg/kg. At 200 mg/kg dose, the crude saponin induced an anal temperature decrease of 0.14 0 C ± 0.02. This was higher than the response obtained with the chromatographic fraction which produced 0.06 0C ± 0.01 anal temperature decrease. Antinociceptive data was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the crude saponin in the writhing (52.58 % antinociceptic effect) and hot plate tests (14.24 maximum percent analgesia), contrary to observation in the cold tail flick test. Findings showed the antipyretic and non-steroid like antinociceptive property of the crude saponin, which may support the rationale for the use of Vernonia amygdalina leaf to reduce fever and/or pain.

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Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-019-0130-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akinyinka O. Alabi ◽

Abayomi M. Ajayi ◽

Osarume Omorogbe ◽

Solomon Umukoro

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Antinociceptive Activity ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Plate Test ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of a blended mixture of dried leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava, a traditional analgesic drug polyherbal (TADP) used as a remedy for pain-related conditions. Methods Antinociceptive activity of TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced nociception in mice while the anti-inflammatory was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Levels of nitrite, myeloperoxidase, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assayed in carrageenan-induced paw tissue. Results TADP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. TADP (100–400 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent significant inhibition of the acetic-acid induced abdominal constriction. The antinociceptive activity of TADP in the presence of naloxone and atropine was not reversed whereas yohimbine and glibenclamide significantly reversed it. TADP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the swelling in the carrageenan-induced oedema model and also produced a reduction in the nitrite and myeloperoxidase level. TADP (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde concentration and increase glutathione level in the carrageenan-induced rat paw. TADP significantly decrease the number of cellular infiltrates in the histopathological assessment. Conclusion These results indicate that polyherbal product containing blended leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Psidium guajava possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, hence represents a promising alternative remedy in inflammation-induced pain.

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Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Warionia saharae essential oil

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mimouna Yakoubi ◽

Nasser Belboukhari ◽

Khaled Sekkoum ◽

Mohammed Bouchekara ◽

Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Test Models ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Warionia saharae Benth & Coss (W.s) (Asteraceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to Algeria and Morocco. Its leaves are used in their traditional medicine, such as gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases; for instance, rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In this work, our team investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from the dried upper parts of Warionia saharae based on different standard experimental test models. The analgesic activity was assessed by central and peripheral models, such as “hot plate” and “writhing” tests on Swiss albino mice. The hot plate test used latency measurements to assess acute cutaneous pain sensitivity, as a result; the latency of the hind-paw pain response was by licking and either shaking or jumping, those occurrences were recorded. Writhing test as a chemical method used to induce pain of peripheral origin in mice by injecting acetic acid intraperitoneally (IP). This results in characteristic stretching behavior of the animals (cramps and contortions). The evaluation of the analgesic activity, shows that the essential oil of this plant induces a decrease in the number of abdominal cramps in the contortion test and a maximum inhibition of pain. As for the anti-inflammatory effect, it was studied by the “paw edema” test, a phlogogenic agent (formaldehyde) was used to stimulate inflammation in the paws of mice. Anti-inflammatory properties can be observed by inhibiting this edema compared to the standard drug Diclofenac. In conclusion, Warionia saharae essential oil (75 mg/kg) showed a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities which supports the conventional use of this plant in traditional medicine.

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5-HT1A Receptors Mediate Analgesia Induced by Emulsified Sevoflurane in Thermal Nociception but Have Little Effect on Chemical Nociception

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000464330 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (1-2) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Chen Yan ◽

Dai Ti-jun ◽

Li Xin ◽

Cao Gao ◽

Jiang Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Serotonin Receptor ◽

Intrathecal Injection ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Thermal Nociception ◽

Tail Flick Latency ◽

Specific Antagonist ◽

The Relationship

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the analgesic effect of sevoflurane and 5-serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A R) in the spinal cords of mice. Methods: Analgesic mouse models were established by intraperitoneal injection of emulsified sevoflurane, and the influence of p-MPPF (a specific antagonist of 5-HT1A Rs) intrathecal injection on the changes in tail-flick latency in tail-withdrawal test, pain threshold in hot-plate test (HPPT), and writhing times in acetic acid-induced writhing test were recorded. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of emulsified sevoflurane alone produced an analgesic effect (p < 0.05). p-MPPF (2, 4, and 8 μg) alone had no impact on tail-flick latency, HPPT, and writhing times in mice (p > 0.05). The 3 doses of p-MPPF reduced the tail-flick latency or HPPT. p-MPPF 8 μg can increase the writhing times (p < 0.05) in analgesic mice with sevoflurane, while p-MPPF 2 and 4 μg did not affect the writhing times. Conclusion: 5-HT1A Rs in the spinal cord may be an important target for the analgesic effect of sevoflurane on the thermal nociception, but it has little relation to the anti-chemical chemical nociceptive effect of sevoflurane.

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Desipramine in small doses induces antinociception in the increasing temperature hot-plate test, but not in the tail-flick test

Neuropharmacology ◽

10.1016/0028-3908(89)90207-4 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 1169-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A Lund

Keyword(s):

Tail Flick ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Tail Flick Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Small Doses ◽

Increasing Temperature

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Circadian Phase-Dependent Antinociceptive Reaction in Mice Determined by the Hot-Plate test and the Tail-Flick Test After Intravenous Injection of Dalargin-Loaded Nanoparticles

Chronobiology International ◽

10.3109/07420529909016944 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 767-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Peter Ramge ◽

Jörg Kreuter ◽

Bjorn Lemmer

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Injection ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Tail Flick Test ◽

Plate Test ◽

Circadian Phase

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The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone enhances morphine antinociception

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2013.07.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 259-259

Author(s):

Viljami Jokinen ◽

Tuomas O. Lilius ◽

Mikko S. Neuvonen ◽

Antti J. Väänänen ◽

Mikko O. Niemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Morphine Tolerance ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽

P Glycoprotein ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

The Brain ◽

Glycoprotein Inhibition

Abstract Aims Spironolactone, an antimineralocorticoid, has been reported to potentiate the cataleptic effect of morphine in the rat. Since no previous research exists on the matter and the interaction might be clinically significant, the effects of spironolactone on morphine antinociception and pharmacokinetics in the rat were investigated. Methods Male SD rats were used to assess the effects of spironolactone on acute morphine-induced antinociception, development of morphine tolerance, and established morphine tolerance in the tail-flick and hot plate tests. Spironolactone was also administered with loperamide to assess whether spironolactone enhances the brain distribution of the acknowledged P-glycoprotein substrate across the blood-brain barrier. Results Spironolactone had no antinociceptive effects of its own but when co-administrated with morphine the antinociceptive effect of morphine was greatly enhanced. Morphine concentrations in the brain were increased fourfold in the spironolactone co-administrated group. Spironolactone did not inhibit the formation of pro-nociceptive morphine-3-glucuronide, nor did inhibit the development of tolerance. The peripherally restricted opioid, loperamide, had no antinociceptive effects by itself, but co-administration with spironolactone produced a clear change in the hot plate test. Conclusions Although mineralocorticoids have been proposed to take part in pain signaling, in our setting spironolactone did not have antinociceptive properties of its own. The increased antinociceptive effect of morphine is apparently caused by the increased morphine brain concentrations. We suggest this to be due to P-glycoprotein inhibition, as indicated by the loperamide assay. The clinical relevance of P-glycoprotein inhibition by spironolactone should be studied.

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