scholarly journals Bioproduction and Optimization of Rosmarinic Acid Production in Solenostemon Scutellarioides through Media Manipulation and Conservation of High Yielding Clone via Encapsulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Ranabir Sahu ◽  
Saikat Dewanjee ◽  
Moumita Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Solenostemon Scutellarioides ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Media Manipulation

The present study describes the role of different exogenous phytohormones, polyamines and sucrose on growth and rosmarinic acid (RA) production in whole plant culture of Solenostemon scutellarioides. It was further aimed to conserve elite clones via synthetic seed technology. S. scutellarioides was treated either singly or in combination with different phytohormones. Cultures incubated with NAA (0.5 mg L−1) yielded the highest RA accumulation (g−1FW), but negatively affected the growth. So, overall RA content was insignificant. Cultures incubated with IBA, BAP and GA3 at low concentration significantly improved growth and RA bioaccumulation. In the combinatorial study, IBA+BAP+GA3 (0.5 mg L−1 each) was found optimum for plant biomass and RA production (65.2% improvement of total RA). Amongst polyamines, putrescine (1 mg L−1) exhibited 20.4% improvement of total RA content. The intracellular RA accumulation (g−1FW) was significantly higher between 5 and 7% of sucrose concentrations. However, the total increase in RA content was inhibited due to deterioration of the culture with increasing sucrose concentration. Based on the effect of different treatments on growth and RA accumulation, a high yielding and stable plant line was selected for conservation via alginate encapsulation. Uniform shaped alginate coated synthetic seeds conserved up to 6 months exhibited high regeneration potential and RA content.

scholarly journals Role of Methylotrophy During Symbiosis Between Methylobacterium nodulans and Crotalaria podocarpa

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jourand ◽  
Adeline Renier ◽  
Sylvie Rapior ◽  
Sergio Miana de Faria ◽  
Yves Prin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacterium ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fixation Capacity

Some rare leguminous plants of the genus Crotalaria are specifically nodulated by the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium nodulans. In this study, the expression and role of bacterial methylotrophy were investigated during symbiosis between M. nodulans, strain ORS 2060T, and its host legume, Crotalaria podocarpa. Using lacZ fusion to the mxaF gene, we showed that the methylotroph genes are expressed in the root nodules, suggesting methylotrophic activity during symbiosis. In addition, loss of the bacterial methylotrophic function significantly affected plant development. Indeed, inoculation of M. nodulans nonmethylotroph mutants in C. podocarpa decreased the total root nodule number per plant up to 60%, decreased the whole-plant nitrogen fixation capacity up to 42%, and reduced the total dry plant biomass up to 46% compared with the wild-type strain. In contrast, inoculation of the legume C. podocarpa with nonmethylotrophic mutants complemented with functional mxa genes restored the symbiotic wild phenotype. These results demonstrate the key role of methylotrophy during symbiosis between M. nodulans and C. podocarpa.

scholarly journals β-Sitosterol differentially regulates key metabolites for growth improvement and stress tolerance in rice plants during prolonged UV-B stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheel Shahzad ◽  
Mohamed Ewas ◽  
Putri Widyanti Harlina ◽  
Shahid Ullah Khan ◽  
Pan Zhenyuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract Background Elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is potentially deleterious to many organisms specifically crop plants and has become a global challenge. Rice is an exceptionally important staple food which is grown worldwide, and many efforts have been done recently to improve rice varieties against UV-B stress. This current study aims to investigate the effects of exogenous application of β-sitosterol (βSito) on growth improvement and tolerance level of rice plants against prolonged UV-B stress. The physiological and metabolic responses were evaluated in rice plants not supplemented with βSito (Nβ) and those supplemented with βSito (Sβ). Results The Nβ and Sβ plants were grown under non-stress (ns) and under prolonged UV-B stress (uvs) conditions and termed as Nβns, Sβns and Nβuvs, Sβuvs, respectively. The application of βSito contributes positively under non-stress and specifically to UV-B stress in terms of improving numerous physiological parameters associated with growth and development such as shoot and root length, RWC, whole plant biomass, chlorophyll pigments, and photosynthetic-related parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, WUEi, Fv/Fm, and NPQ) in Sβ compared with Nβ plants. Moreover, enhanced oxidative stress tolerance of Sβuvs vs. Nβuvs plants under stress was attributed to low levels of ROS and substantial trigger in activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX). Metabolic analysis was performed using GC-TOFMS, which revealed higher accumulation of several key metabolites including organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and others in Sβuvs vs. Nβuvs plants, which were mainly reduced in Nβ plants under stress vs. non-stress conditions. Conclusion These results provide useful data regarding the important role of βSito on growth maintenance and modulation of several metabolites associated with osmotic and redox adjustments during UV-B stress tolerance in rice plants. Importantly, βSito-regulated plasticity could further be explored specifically in relation to different environmental stresses in other economically useful crop plants.

scholarly journals Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) as an Amendment for Phytostabilization of Highly Multi-PTE Contaminated Soil

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2559
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin ◽  
Jiri Holatko ◽  
Tereza Hammerschmiedt ◽  
Andrzej Głuchowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Nano Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Average Plant

In recent years, a lot of attention has been given to searching for new additives which will effectively facilitate the process of immobilizing contaminants in the soil. This work considers the role of the enhanced nano zero valent iron (nZVI) strategy in the phytostabilization of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The experiment was carried out on soil that was highly contaminated with PTEs derived from areas in which metal waste had been stored for many years. The plants used comprised a mixture of grasses—Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L. To determine the effect of the nZVI on the content of PTEs in soil and plants, the samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The addition of nZVI significantly increased average plant biomass (38%), the contents of Cu (above 2-fold), Ni (44%), Cd (29%), Pb (68%), Zn (44%), and Cr (above 2-fold) in the roots as well as the soil pH. The addition of nZVI, on the other hand, was most effective in reducing the Zn content of soil when compared to the control series. Based on the investigations conducted, the application of nZVI to soil highly contaminated with PTEs is potentially beneficial for the restoration of polluted lands.

Role of Light and Medium Composition on Growth and Valepotriate Contents in Valeriana glechomifolia Whole Plant Liquid Cultures

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Russowski ◽  
Natasha Maurmann ◽  
Sandra Beatriz Rech ◽  
Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Medium Composition ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Role Of Light

scholarly journals l-Aspartate: An Essential Metabolite for Plant Growth and Stress Acclimation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Mei Han ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Peter Suglo ◽  
Shuyue Sun ◽  
Mingyao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Glycolysis Pathway ◽  
Acid Pathway

L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis pathway intermediates, and hormones, which are vital for growth and defense. In animals and humans, lines of data have proved that Asp is indispensable for cell proliferation. However, in plants, despite the extensive study of the Asp family amino acid pathway, little attention has been paid to the function of Asp through the other numerous pathways. This review aims to elucidate the most important aspects of Asp in plants, from biosynthesis to catabolism and the role of Asp and its metabolic derivatives in response to changing environmental conditions. It considers the distribution of Asp in various cell compartments and the change of Asp level, and its significance in the whole plant under various stresses. Moreover, it provides evidence of the interconnection between Asp and phytohormones, which have prominent functions in plant growth, development, and defense. The updated information will help improve our understanding of the physiological role of Asp and Asp-borne metabolic fluxes, supporting the modular operation of these networks.

Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed Technology of Curcuma spp.

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-375
Author(s):  
Appakan Shajahan ◽  
Chellappan Soundar Raju ◽  
Valiyaparambath Musfir Mehaboob ◽  
Abubakker Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Seed Technology

Do ectomycorrhizas affect boron uptake in Betula pendula?

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Ruuhola ◽  
Tarja Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
B Uptake ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Later Phase

The role of mycorrhizas in the uptake of boron (B) is still poorly known; it has been suggested that ectomycorrhizas (ECM) may either increase B uptake or sequester B in forms unavailable for plants. We examined whether ECM infection affects the B uptake compared with nonmycorrhizal plants and whether two ECM fungal species differ in this respect. We inoculated silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings with either Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. or Laccaria sp. Seedlings were fertilized with a complete nutrient solution including B. The whole-plant specific B uptake rates were slightly higher in Laccaria-inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. Laccaria seedlings accumulated B transiently in their roots, which led to an increase in the specific leaf uptake rate of B in a later phase. Colonization of seedlings by Paxillus was low, and this fungus did not affect B uptake or allocation. The main result was that mycorrhizas did not affect B uptake and translocation negatively. An ability to accumulate B in mycorrhizas transiently might even make plants more tolerant to temporary B deficiency as they are not so strictly dependent on a continuous external B supply. However, the possibility of retention at very low B availability remains to be studied.

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