Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater

Phytoremediation is fresh, well organized, low priced and recycled method for control of environmental pollution. In this phytoremediation technology, plants are used to enhance the status of environment. By using this method, organic and inorganic pollutant can easily eliminate from domestic. An aquatic plant culture was grown in regimented cement tank. Domestic waste Water was filled in this cement tank for specified interval of seven days. Before growth of aquatic plant culture quality of domestic waste water was evaluated. After specified time interval domestic waste water quality was again evaluated to check improvement of quality of waste water. The result of analysis indicates that phytoremediation process improves the quantity of waste water. For this phytoremediation process Canna, Hyacinth colocasia Arabica, Typha etc. aquatic plants are used. These aquatic plants absorb organic and inorganic parameters from waste water.

Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus

In vitro culture is an important biotechnological tool in plant research and an appropriate culture media is a key for a successful plant development under in vitro conditions. The use of natural compounds to improve culture media has been growing and biopolymers are interesting alternatives to synthetic compounds due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. In the present study, different culture media containing one biopolymer (chitosan, gum arabic) or a biopolymer derivative [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)], at 100 or 1000 mg L−1, were tested regarding their influence on the growth and physiological responses of Thymus lotocephalus in vitro culture. Cellulose-based biopolymers (HEC and CMC) and gum arabic were used for the first time in plant culture media. The results showed that CMC at 100 mg L−1 significantly improved shoot elongation while chitosan, at the highest concentration, was detrimental to T. lotocephalus. Concerning only the evaluated physiological parameters, all tested biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives are safe to plants as there was no evidence of stress-induced changes on T. lotocephalus. The rheological and microstructural features of the culture media were assessed to understand how the biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to the culture medium could influence shoot growth. As expected, all media presented a gel-like behaviour with minor differences in the complex viscosity at the beginning of the culture period. Most media showed increased viscosity overtime. The surface area increased with the addition of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives to the culture media and the average pore size was considerably lower for CMC at 100 mg L−1. The smaller pores of this medium might be related to a more efficient nutrients and water uptake by T. lotocephalus shoots, leading to a significant improvement in shoot elongation. In short, this study demonstrated that the different types of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to culture medium can modify their microstructure and at the right concentrations, are harmless to T. lotocephalus shoots growing in vitro, and that CMC improves shoot length.

SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN COWPEA BREEDING IN ROMANIA

Climate change has led to drought, the expansion of desertification, loss of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, declining agricultural output and productivity. In the area of sandy soils in the southwest of Romania, where, compared to the multiannual average, the average air temperature in the May-August period increased by 1.010C and the precipitations recorded insignificant increases (5.97 mm), being very low (227. 82 mm) and unevenly distributed in relation to plant requirements. In these conditions, it is necessary to cultivate some species of plants resistant to drought and to preserve and improve some genetic resources adapted to the arid climate. For the efficient use of the microclimate in the sandy soils areas at the Dabuleni Research & Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, three genotypes of Aura 26, Ofelia, Doljana were developed, which were studied in a comparison comparative culture with Jiana variety. The production potential of the new varieties (2120-2706 kg / ha) was clearly superior to the control variety, the production differences being significant and very significant.

Trends in the use of tissue culture, applications and future aspects

Plant tissue culture has developed widely incorporated into biotechnology, the agricultural systems being a key factor to support many pharmaceutical and industrial outcomes. Since 1902 there is vast progress in plant culture and its application has emerged having great diversity in the science filed. Due to development and desire to grow on high scale production in the past few decades, tissue culture techniques were manipulated for improvement of plant growth, biological activities, transformation, and secondary metabolites production. A significant advance in techniques has been sought to deal with problems of low concentrations of secondary metabolites in whole plants. The augmented use of plant culture is due to a superior perceptive of plant oriented compounds and secondary metabolites from economically important plants. Due to development in modern techniques, several particular protocols have been developed for the production of a wide array of secondary metabolites of plants on a commercial scale. Plant tissue culture has to lead to significant contributions in recent times and today they constitute an indispensable tool in the advancement of agricultural sciences and modern agriculture. This review would enable us to have an analysis of plant tissue culture development for agriculture, human health and wellbeing in general.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA TANAM ANGGREK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN “TEKNOLOGI HIDROPONIK”

ABSTRAKPermasalahan dari mitra pengabdi kami adalah a. bagaimana mahasiswa binaan mitra khususnya mahasiswa pembudidayaan bisa mengembangkan kultur tanaman budaya Indonesia dikenal masyarakat umum khususnya negara lain, bahwa jenis anggrek di Indonesia memiliki keunikan anggrek yang berbeda dengan negara lain. b. anggrek juga memiliki perawatan yang ekstra sehingga di perlukan media tanam anggrek supaya tidak merawatnya ekstra dan bisa dikmati penyuka tanaman bunga. Dari permasalahan mitra tersebut tim pengabdi menggunakan metode pengabdian masyarakat yakni melakukan pemaparan materi dan pelatihan teknologi hidroponik sebagai media tanaman anggrek dan memberikan pengalaman serta pengetahuan kepada mitra pengabdi bahwa anggrek bisa menjadi nilai ekonomis. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yakni mitra memperoleh banyak informasi mengenai jenis anggrek dan dapat menyimpulkan sendiri bahwa perlunya jenis anggrek di budidayakan. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yakni 1. Memanfaatkan teknologi hidroponik sebagai media tanam anggrek sangatlah diperlukan guna membudidayakan jenis anggrek tertentu agar tidak mengalami kepunahan. 2. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini mitra dalam hal ini para mahasiswa memperoleh masukan dan ide kreatif dalam meningkatakan nilai ekonomis daerah pada masing-masing tempat tinggalnya di wilayah asal mahasiswa. 3. Memberikan pemahaman baru bahwa biasanya anggrek tidak dapat digunakan untuk tanaman hidroponik ternyata sudah bisa digunakan dengan persyaratan tertentu. Kata Kunci : hidroponik; anggrek; teknologi. ABSTRACTThe problems of our service partners are a. how partner-assisted students, especially cultivating students, can develop Indonesian cultural plant culture known to the general public, especially other countries, that the type of orchid in Indonesia has a unique orchid that is different from other countries. b. orchids also have extra care so that the orchid growing media is needed so as not to care for them extra and can be loved by those who like flowers. From the problems of the partners, the service team used community service methods, namely the presentation of materials and training in hydroponic technology as a medium for orchid plants and provided experience and knowledge to service partners that orchids could be of economic value. As a result of community service activities, partners get a lot of information about the types of orchids and can conclude for themselves that the need for orchids is cultivated. Conclusions from community service activities namely 1. Utilizing hydroponic technology as an orchid growing media is needed to cultivate certain types of orchids so they do not experience extinction. 2. In this community service activity partners in this case the students get creative input and ideas in increasing the economic value of the area in each place of residence in the student's home region. 3. Gives a new understanding that normally orchids cannot be used for hydroponic plants but can already be used with certain requirements. Keywords: hydroponics; orchid; technology.

Elicitation-Based Method for Increasing the Production of Antioxidant and Bactericidal Phenolic Compounds in Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis Tissue

The carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis (Venus flytrap) is a widely known medical herb, capable of producing various phenolic compounds known for their strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In the pharmaceutical industry, Venus flytrap is grown in tissue cultures, as the natural population of D. muscipula is very limited. Here, we describe an improved method to increase the quantity and quality of phenolic compounds produced in D. muscipula. This is achieved by combining biotic elicitation (using Cronobacter sakazakii bacteria lysate) of D. muscipula cultured with rotary shaking (hydromechanical stress), which we describe here for the first time. The antibacterial activity and the antioxidant properties of the obtained compounds were studied on two antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria. The proposed plant culture conditions resulted in an increase in fresh weight, as well as a higher total phenolic content, in comparison to traditional tissue cultures on agar-solidified medium. With the use of high-performance liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that the described elicitation strategy leads to an increased synthesis of myricetin, caffeic acid, ellagic acid and plumbagin in D. muscipula tissue. We also found that a higher level of antioxidant activity, exhibited by the plant extract, corresponded with its higher phenylpropanoid content. The bactericidal activity of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus was dependent on the duration of plant culture under described elicitation conditions, whereas neither elicitation condition (duration or elicitor concentration) seemed relevant for the bactericidal activity of the extract towards Escherichia coli. This suggest that Gram-negative bacteria are less sensitive to compounds derived from Venus flytrap tissue.

Transgenesis as a Tool for the Efficient Production of Selected Secondary Metabolites from Plant in Vitro Cultures

The plant kingdom abounds in countless species with potential medical uses. Many of them contain valuable secondary metabolites belonging to different classes and demonstrating anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial or antidiabetic properties. Many of these metabolites, e.g., paclitaxel, vinblastine, betulinic acid, chlorogenic acid or ferrulic acid, have potential applications in medicine. Additionally, these compounds have many therapeutic and health-promoting properties. The growing demand for these plant secondary metabolites forces the use of new green biotechnology tools to create new, more productive in vitro transgenic plant cultures. These procedures have yielded many promising results, and transgenic cultures have been found to be safe, efficient and cost-effective sources of valuable secondary metabolites for medicine and industry. This review focuses on the use of various in vitro plant culture systems for the production of secondary metabolites.