Effects of Growth Substrate on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Three Annual Species

Previous work by these authors have quantified cumulative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for several woody and herbaceous perennial species, in interaction with several standard best management practices (container size, fertilizer application and irrigation delivery methods, and light level). In this study, the greenhouse production of three annual species [coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides Thonn. ‘Redhead'), vinca (Catharanthus roseus L. ‘Cooler Grape'), and impatiens (Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. ‘Super Elfin XP White')] was evaluated in three substrates [80:20 peat:perlite, 80:20 peat:WholeTree (a whole pine tree-based substrate), 60:40 peat:WholeTree]. Emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 were collected over a period of 52 days. Without regard to media, coleus had the highest cumulative CO2 efflux (statistically similar to vinca), due to its increased size in comparison with both vinca and impatiens. Without regard to species, plant-pot systems using the highest proportion of WholeTree (40%) had numerically the most cumulative CO2 efflux (statistically similar to those containing only 20% WholeTree). No differences were observed for the main effect of species or media for N2O or CH4. Results suggest that using a more sustainable high wood fiber substrate in similar proportions to that of perlite in an industry standard mix (20%) could yield similarly sized plants with no negative impact on GHG emissions. Index words: alternative substrate, WholeTree, carbon sequestration, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, global climate change. Species used in this study: ‘Redhead' coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides Thonn. ‘Redhead'; ‘Cooler Grape' vinca, Catharanthus roseus L. ‘Cooler Grape'; ‘Super Elfin XP White' impatiens, Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. ‘Super Elfin XP White'.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PILADANG(Solenostemonscutellarioides(L). Codd) SELAMA 15 HARI SECARA TOPIKAL TERHADAP AKTIVITAS PENYEMBUHAN LUKA EKSISI PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN

ABSTRACTA study has been conducted on the effect of ethanolic extract of piladang leaf (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) topically for 15 days on excision wound healing in male white rats. This study consisted of 5 groups of each group consisting of 3 rats, ie group I as control (Vaselin Flavum), Group II as comparator (Betadine® ointment), group III, IV, and V were the group given test preparation topical with an ointment concentration of 2%, 4% and 8% extract. The experimental animal was injured, then the initial wound was measured after it was applied to the back of the mouse 2 times a day given at 8 am and 4 pm for 15 days. On the 15th day, parameters such as percentage of wound healing and hydroxyproline measurement were performed, while epithelial time was performed every day until epithelial cell was formed. The results of data analysis using one way varian (ANOVA) showed that ethanol extract of pyuridic leaf can heal wound continued duncan test (SPSS 16.0) showed that there were significant differences between groups on wound healing parameters, wound healing percentage and hydroxyproline determination (p <0, 05), so it can be concluded that the preparation of leaf pyramid extract with 8% concentration more effective to give effect in wound healing.

Profil Kimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi Air Terhidrolisis dari Daun Piladang (Solenostemon Scutellarioides)

<p><em>Daun Piladang (Solenostemon scutellarioides) merupakan obat tradisional Sumatera Barat yang memiliki banyak kandungan metabolit sekunder berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Metabolit sekunder seperti golongan fenolat yang terdapat pada fraksi polar umumnya terdapat dalam bentuk glikosida. Proses hidrolisis dapat memutuskan ikatan gula sehingga dapat melepaskan aglikon yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi daripada bentuk glikosidanya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan hidrolisis asam terhadap fraksi air (polar) daun piladang, menggunakan asam asetat, asam fosfat dan asam klorida. Profil kimia fraksi hasil hidrolisis ditentukan secara kualitatif dengan KLT dan secara kuantitatif dengan metode Folin Ciocalteu untuk memperoleh kadar fenolat total. Aktivitas antioksidan fraksi hasil hidrolisa diperiksa dengan metode perangkapan radikal DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan profil KLT dari masing-masing fraksi hasil hidrolisis. Kadar fenolat tertinggi diperoleh pada hidrolisis dengan asam fosfat yaitu 7,736 % diikuti asam klorida 4,218% dan asam asetat 2,024%. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi ditunjukkan pula oleh hasil hidrolisis dengan asam fosfat yaitu dengan IC50 413,92 ppm yang termasuk ke dalam kategori lemah.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Piladang leaves (Solenostemon scutellarioides) is a traditional West Sumatra medicine which has a lot of secondary metabolite content which has the potential as an antioxidant. Secondary metabolites such as the phenolic group found in the polar fraction are generally in the form of glycosides. The hydrolysis process can break the bond of sugar so that it can release aglycone which has higher antioxidant activity than the form of glycosides. In this study, the acid hydrolysis of the water fraction (polar) of piladang leaves was carried out using acetic acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. The chemical profile of the hydrolysis fraction was determined qualitatively by TLC and quantitatively by the Folin Ciocalteu method to obtain total phenolic levels. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysis fraction was examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. The results showed a difference in the TLC profile of each hydrolysis fraction. The highest phenolic content was obtained by hydrolysis with phosphoric acid which was 7,736% followed by hydrochloric acid 4,218% and acetic acid 2,024%. The highest antioxidant activity was also shown by the results of hydrolysis with phosphoric acid, with IC50 413.92 ppm which was included in the weak category.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

PROFIL GC-MS DAN NILAI TOKSISITAS LC50 FRAKSI NON POLAR DAUN Solenostemon scutellarioides (L) Codd.

ABSTRACT A study has been conducted to determine the chemical content profile of LC50 values from the hexane fraction of ethanolic extract of piladang leaves (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd). The chemical content of the hexane fraction was analyzed by using GC-MS while the LC50 value was determined by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. The results of the LC50 value of the hexane fraction of piladang leaf (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) was obtained 96.51 ppm included in the toxic category. GC-MS analysis results showed 25 different compounds of different area and composed of weak base compounds, esters, ketones, fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The main compound based on GC-MS data is 9-octadecenamide.Kata Kunci : Solenostemon scutellarioides, GC-MS, LC50, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Piladang (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Ikan

Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd dikenal juga dengan nama Piladang (Sumatera Barat) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang memiliki berbagai aktivitas salah satunya antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat digunakan untuk mencegah oksidasi dai lemak tak jenuh yang terdapat dalam inyak/lemak sehingga dapat menjaga kualitas minyak/lemak tetap baik dan tahan lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan Ekstrak daun piladang terhadap kualitas minyak ikan (oleum iecoris aselli). Kulaitas minyak ikan ditentukan dengan parameter bilangan asam, bilangan iod dan bilangan peroksida menggunakan metode titrasi. Daun kering Piladang diekstraksi dengan cara sokletasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak daun piladang ditambahkan pada minyak ikan dengan konsentrasi 0%, 1%, 3% dan 5% dengan lama waktu penyimpanan 1, 3, 5 dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun piladang dapat memperbaiki kualitas minyak ikan dengan cara menurunkan bilangan asam, meningkatkan bilangan iod dan menurunkan bilangan peroksida. Berdasarkan analisa statistikANOVA dua arah diikuti uji lanjut Duncanmenunjukkan perbedaan nyata antara nilai parametr kualitas minyak ikan terhadap konsentrasi dan lama waktu simpan Semakin tinggi penambahan konsentrasi ekstrak daun piladang maka semakin baik kualitas minyak ikan. Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd also known as Piladang (West Sumatra) is a traditional medicinal plant that has various activities, one of which is antioxidants. Antioxidants can be used to prevent oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid found in oil/fat so can maintain the quality of oil/fat to remain good and durable. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding piladang leaf extract to the quality of fish oil (oleum iecoris aselli). Fish oil quality was determined by acid number parameters, iodine number and peroxide number using the titration method.The dried leaves of Piladang were extracted by soxhletation using 70% ethanol. Piladang leaf extract was added to fish oil with concentrations of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% with a storage time of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The results showed that the addition of piladang leaf extract could improve the quality of fish oil by reducing acid numbers, increasing iodine numbers and decreasing peroxide numbers. The statistical analysis of two-way ANOVA followed by pos hoc Duncan's atest showed a significant difference between the quality of fish oil with the concentration and the length of storage time. The higher the addition of the concentration of piladang leaf extract, the better the quality of fish oil

PENGARUH FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN PILADANG (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L) Codd) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN

<p>Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. Medicinal plants with different content of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids are natural sources to cope hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of piladang leaves (<em>Solenostemon scutellarioides</em> (L) Codd) on serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 6 animals: group I (negative control), group II (positive control), group III, IV and V were each given fraction of ethyl acetate doses respectively 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg and group VI (simvastatin as a comparator). Measurement of serum cholesterol levels were conducted with CHOD-PAP method using a photometer 5010. Result showed ethyl acetate fraction affects cholesterol levels of experimental animals with a lower value than the positive control. According to statistics of one way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test method SPSS 17 showed no significant differences (p&gt; 0.05) on cholesterol levels in all given doses of ethyl acetate fraction. Group III(a dose of 100 mg / kg) was probably the most effective in lowering the blood cholesterol levels of experimental animals.</p>