scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Holotoxin A1 From the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus During Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya S. Malyarenko ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ivanushko ◽  
Elena L. Chaikina ◽  
Mikhail I. Kusaykin ◽  
Alexandra S. Silchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Carcinoma ◽  
Leukocyte Number ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Radiation therapy is one of the most important approaches to cancer therapy, but radiotoxicity to normal tissue is a serious limitation of this treatment. Compounds which are able to either sensitize cancer cells or protect normal cells to radiation are of great interest. The cytotoxicity of holotoxin A1 and the effects of radiation against DLD-1 and HT-29 cells were measured by MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. The effect of the combination of holotoxin A1 with X-ray on colony formation of cancer cells was determined by the soft agar assay. The effect of holotoxin A1 on the recovery of peripheral blood leukocyte number, mass, and cellularity of the lymphoid organs of irradiated mice, as well as on growth of murine Ehrlich solid carcinoma was studied. Holotoxin A1 enhanced the sensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cells to radiation in vitro. Injection of holotoxin A1 to mice led to an increase in the spleen endogenous colony number and peripheral blood leukocyte number, as well as the weight and cellularity of the lymphoid organs of the irradiated mice. Holotoxin A1 in combination with X-ray radiation effectively inhibited the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma in vivo. Holotoxin A1 is suggested to be a promising agent for improving the efficiency of radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Chromosome Aberrations in Cells Infected with Bovine Papillomavirus: Comparing Cutaneous Papilloma, Esophagus Papilloma, and Urinary Bladder Lesion Cells

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. C. Campos ◽  
T. C. Melo ◽  
S. Assaf ◽  
R. P. Araldi ◽  
J. Mazzuchelli-de-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Bovine Papillomavirus

The majority of malignant cells present genetic instability with chromosome number changes plus segmental defects: these changes involve intact chromosomes and breakage-induced alterations. Some pathways of chromosomal instability have been proposed as random breakage, telomere fusion, and centromere fission. Chromosome alterations in tumor cells have been described in animal models and in vitro experiments. One important question is about possible discrepancies between animal models, in vitro studies, and the real events in cancer cells in vivo. Papillomaviruses are relevant agents in oncogenic processes related to action on host genome. Recently, many reports have discussed the presence of virus DNA in peripheral blood, in humans and in animals infected by papillomaviruses. The meaning of this event is of controversy: possible product of apoptosis occurring in cancer cells, metastasized cancer cells, or active DNA sequences circulating in bloodstream. This study compares chromosome aberrations detected in bovine cells, in peripheral blood cells, and in BPV lesion cells: the literature is poor in this type of study. Comparing chromosome aberrations described in the different cells, a common mechanism in their origin, can be suggested. Furthermore blood cells can be evaluated as an effective way of virus transmission.

scholarly journals Effects of repetitive sevoflurane anaesthesia on immune response, select biochemical parameters and organ histology in mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Elena ◽  
N. Amerio ◽  
P. Ferrero ◽  
M. L. Bay ◽  
J. Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Sevoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Procedure

Animal and technical models often require repeated anaesthetic administrations for surgical procedures. As there is evidence for immunomodulatory effects of anaesthesia, the effects of repeated exposure to sevoflurane anaesthesia on the immune response in mice were studied. Sevoflurane was administered in vivo under conditions that simulate those in clinical procedures. Adult male mice were anaesthetized with 3% sevoflurane in oxygen for 40 min weekly for 3 weeks. Untreated animals served as controls. After sevoflurane anaesthesia, peripheral blood leukocyte counts, the composition and in vitro function of spleen cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) and the in vivo immune response to a conventional T-dependent antigen were assessed. In addition, liver, spleen and kidney histopathology and also hepatic and renal function were studied. Three days after the latest anaesthetic procedure, the absolute number of both leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were reduced in peripheral blood. Splenic cell composition (LB, LTCD3+, LTCD4+ and LTCD8+), macrophage function and the mitogen-induced lymphoprolipherative response were preserved. Yet, the in vivo humoral response to a conventional antigen was augmented following the antigenic challenge. Assessment at day 9 after the last anaesthetic procedure revealed the persistence of the humoral response alteration. Nevertheless, sevoflurane-treated animals showed no evidence of histological changes or alteration in hepatic or renal function.

scholarly journals Erastin, a ferroptosis-inducing agent, sensitized cancer cells to X-ray irradiation via glutathione starvation in vitro and in vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0225931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shibata ◽  
Hironobu Yasui ◽  
Kei Higashikawa ◽  
Naoki Miyamoto ◽  
Yuji Kuge
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Dedifferentiation process driven by radiotherapy-induced HMGB1/TLR2/YAP/HIF-1α signaling enhances pancreatic cancer stemness

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Zhang ◽  
Hui Shi ◽  
Hongbo Chen ◽  
Aihua Gong ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Coculture Model ◽  
Dying Cells

Abstract Differentiated cancer cells reacquiring stem cell traits following radiotherapy may enrich cancer stem cells and accelerate tumor recurrence and metastasis. We are interested in the mechanistic role of dying cells-derived HMGB1 in CD133− pancreatic cancer cells dedifferentiation following radiotherapy. We firstly confirmed that X-ray irradiation induced differentiation of CD133− pancreatic cancer cells, from either sorted from patient samples or established cell lines, into cancer stem-like cells (iCSCs). Using an in vitro coculture model, X-ray irradiation induced dying cells to release HMGB1, which further promoted CD133− pancreatic cancer cells regaining stem cell traits, such as higher sphere forming ability and expressed higher level of stemness-related genes and proteins. Inhibiting the expression and activity of HMGB1 attenuated the dedifferentiation stimulating effect of irradiated, dying cells on C133− pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in PDX models. Mechanistically, HMGB1 binding with TLR2 receptor functions in a paracrine manner to affect CD133− pancreatic cancer cells dedifferentiation via activating Hippo-YAP pathway and HIF-1α expression in oxygen independent manner in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that X-ray irradiation induces CD133− pancreatic cancer cell dedifferentiation into a CSC phenotype, and inhibiting HMGB1 may be a strategy to prevent CSC enrichment and further pancreatic carcinoma relapse.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibody to murine PECAM-1 (CD31) blocks acute inflammation in vivo.

1994 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bogen ◽  
J Pak ◽  
M Garifallou ◽  
X Deng ◽  
W A Muller
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Neutrophil Sequestration ◽  
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

A murine model of peritonitis was used to test the role of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1/CD31) in acute inflammation. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for murine PECAM-1 injected intravenously 4 h before the intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate broth blocked leukocyte emigration into the peritoneal cavity for up to 48 h. This block was particularly evident for neutrophils. Control mAb, including one that bound to murine CD18 without blocking its function, failed to block emigration when used at the same or higher concentrations. The decreased emigration seen with the anti-PECAM-1 antibody was not due to neutropenia or neutrophil sequestration in the lung, spleen, or other organs; peripheral blood leukocyte counts were not diminished in these mice. In the mesenteric venules of the mice treated with anti-PECAM-1 mAb, leukocytes were frequently seen in association with the luminal surface of the vessel, but did not appear to emigrate. Thus, the requirement for PECAM-1 in the transendothelial migration of leukocytes previously seen in an in vitro model holds true in this in vivo model of acute inflammation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document