scholarly journals Intracranial dural chondroma in a child—conventional and advanced neuroimaging characteristics and differential diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Shrot ◽  
Alan R Cohen ◽  
Fausto J Rodriguez ◽  
Frank Berkowitz ◽  
Bruno P Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
High Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
Adc Values

Intracranial chondromas are rare tumors, especially in the pediatric population. We describe the conventional and advanced neuroimaging characteristics of this rare convexity dura-based chondroma in a young adolescent. In particular we demonstrate that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) facilitates differentiation between a dura-based chondroma and the more frequent classical meningioma. Chondromas are typically DWI hypointense with high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values while meningiomas are typically DWI hyperintense with low ADC values. We also discuss the relevant additional differential diagnoses of dura based focal lesions for the pediatric population as well as the diagnostic significance of additional imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography.

Quantitative brain histogram of canine epilepsy using magnetic resonance imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512091403
Author(s):  
Somkiat Huaijantug ◽  
Paranee Yatmark ◽  
Phanupong Chinnabrut ◽  
Nutruja Rueangsawat ◽  
Avirut Wongkumlue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Brain

Background Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study the anatomy of the brain in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Purpose To quantitate MRI images in terms of volumetric ratios and histogram analyses of the following regions of interest (ROI) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: frontal; parietal; temporal; piriform; thalamic; and hippocampal regions. Material and Methods Nine dogs with epilepsy and four healthy controls were evaluated. We examined the volumetric ratios and histogram analyses of six ROIs in all dogs. Results MR images, in T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient sequences detected changes in 4/9 (44%) epileptic dogs found in 5/6 regions: frontal; parietal; temporal; piriform; and hippocampal regions. However, no such changes were observed in the thalamic region. Interestingly, the frontal and piriform volumetric ratios of epileptic dogs were significantly lower than those of control dogs. The histogram analyses in 4/6 regions were significantly increased in epileptic dogs. Conclusion Our results demonstrated MRI finding abnormalities in several regions of the brain in several sequences including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient in epileptic dogs. In several regions of the brain, atrophy may exist, and hyperintensity may be present on MR images in epileptic dogs. These findings suggest that the diagnostic yield of MRI, which is an advanced neuroimaging technique, is high in epileptic dogs and has good reliability and sensitivity in detecting abnormal areas in patients.

scholarly journals The accuracy of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy in Iraqi patients in comparison with histopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Saba Q . Issa ◽  
Khaleel I. Mohson ◽  
Nawras K. Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Ovarian Malignancy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Solid Part

Background: Ovarian malignancy is considered to score the highest fatality among women due to lack of significant symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment lead to good prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a major role in the diagnosis by detecting the lesions and assessing their appearance and consistency. Objective: To determine the accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy and comparing this to histopathology as a gold standard test. Patients and methods: A follow up study was conducted in the MRI unit of the Radiology Department in Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Baghdad Medical City Complex during the period from 1st of February to 31st of December, 2017 on a group of thirty women with clinically suspected adnexal mass(es). All patients were examined with MRI including the diffusion-weighted imaging. Surgical specimens were taken for histopathology assessment. Results: A total of 30 women with adnexal mass were included in this study, with a mean age of 46.8±14.9 years. The MRI T1W image of the cystic part was dark in (60%), while the T2W image of the cystic part was bright (80%), T2W of the solid part was bright in (53.3%), T2W fat saturation of the solid part was bright in the majority (73.3%). T1W fat suppression contrast-enhanced of the solid part was avid in 66.7% of women with an adnexal mass; DWI of the solid part was bright in (76.7%). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value by MRI for women with adnexal mass was 0.9±0.3x103 mm2/sec. Histopathology mainly revealed mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in (10%) and low-grade serous adenocarcinoma in (10%).Validity of the results of MRI regarding malignant adnexal mass were sensitivity (90.9%), specificity (75%), +ve predictive value (90.9%), -ve predictive value (75%) and accuracy (86.6%). The appropriate cutoff value for apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiation between malignant and benign adnexal mass was 0.97 with 100% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. Conclusions: MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging is a valid and reliable technique in the diagnosis and characterization of ovarian malignancy.

scholarly journals Effect of Methylprednisolone on Experimental Brain Edema in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 919-926
Author(s):  
P KOZLER ◽  
V HERYNEK ◽  
D MAREŠOVÁ ◽  
P PEREZ ◽  
L ŠEFC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Experimental Brain Edema

Magnetic resonance imaging has been used for evaluating of a brain edema in experimental animals to assess cytotoxic and vasogenic edema by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 imaging. This paper brings information about the effectiveness of methylprednisolone (MP) on experimental brain edema. A total of 24 rats were divided into three groups of 8 animals each. Rats with cytotoxic/intracellular brain edema induced by water intoxication were assigned to the group WI. These rats also served as the additional control group CG when measured before the induction of edema. A third group (WIMP) was intraperitoneally administered with methylprednisolone 100 mg/kg during water intoxication treatment. The group WI+MP was injected with methylprednisolone 50 mg/kg into the carotid artery within two hours after the water intoxication treatment. We evaluated the results in four groups. Two control groups (CG, WI) and two experimental groups (WIMP, WI+MP). Rats were subjected to MR scanning 24 h after edema induction. We observed significantly increased ADC values in group WI in both evaluated areas – cortex and hippocampus, which proved the occurrence of experimental vasogenic edema, while ADC values in groups WIMP and WI+MP were not increased, indicating that the experimental edema was not developed and thus confirming the protective effect of MP.

scholarly journals Value of Minimum Apparent Diffusion Coefficient on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker for Predicting Progression of Disease Following Surgery and Radiotherapy in Glial Tumors from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rishi Awasthi ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Sanjay Behari ◽  
K. J. Maria Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

ABSTRACT Purpose: Studies have shown that cellularity of glial tumors are inversely correlated to minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The purpose of this prospective exploratory study was to evaluate whether temporal change in “minimum ADC” values during follow-up predict progressive disease in glial tumors post radiotherapy and surgery. Materials and Methods: Adult patients of glial tumors, subjected to surgery followed by Radiotherapy (RT), were included in the study. Serial conventional magnetic resonance imaging with DWI at the following time points – presurgery, pre-RT, post-RT imaging at 3, 7, and 15 months were done. For “minimum ADC” values, multiple regions of interest (ROI) were identified on ADC maps derived from DWI. A mean of 5 minimum ADC values was chosen as “minimum ADC” value. The correlation was drawn between histology and minimum ADC values and time trends were studied. Results: Fourteen patients were included in this study. Histologies were low-grade glioma (LGG) - 5, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (ODG) -5, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - 4. Minimum ADC values were significantly higher in LGG and GBM than ODG. Presurgery, the values were 0.812, 0.633, and 0.787 × 10−3 mm2/s for LGG, ODG, and GBM, respectively. DWI done at the time of RT planning showed values of 0.786, 0.636, 0.869 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. During follow-up, the increasing trend of minimum ADC was observed in LGG (P = 0.02). All these patients were clinically and radiologically stable. Anaplastic ODGs, however, showed an initial increase followed by the fall of minimum ADC in all the 5 cases (P = 0.00). Four of the five cases developed progressive disease subsequently. In all the 4 GBM cases, a consistent fall of minimum ADC values was observed (P = 0.00), and they all progressed in spite of RT. Conclusions: The DWI-derived minimum ADC values are an important yet simple quantitative tool to assess the treatment response and disease progression before they are evident on conventional imaging during the follow-up of glial tumors.

Use of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Gastric Cancer Staging

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Soydan ◽  
Ali Aslan Demir ◽  
Mehmet Torun ◽  
Makbule Arar Cikrikcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Parameter ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Staging Of Gastric Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the quantitative parameter of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), is a measure for this restricted diffusion, and its role in gastric cancer (GC) including distinguishing malignant segments from healthy gastric wall, metastatic perigastric lymph nodes from benign nodes and evaluating response of GC to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been investigated in previous studies. Evidence suggests that ADC may also be of help in assessment of aggressiveness and preoperative staging of gastric cancer, which needs to be explored in further studies. Objective: To investigate the role of DW-MRI and its quantitative parameter, ADC in staging of gastric cancer. Methods: Forty-six patients (28 male, 18 female, mean age 62 years) with non-metastatic biopsy-proven GC who underwent abdominal DW-MRI before surgery were included in this retrospective study. Tumor invasion depth (T-stage) and nodal involvement (N-stage) were evaluated using signal increase on DW-MRI, and tumor ADC was measured. Diagnostic performance of these results was assessed by comparing them with postsurgical histopathology based on 8th TNM classification. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW-MRI in T-staging were 92.1%, 75%, 89.1% for ≤T2 vs. ≥T3; and 75%, 88.5%, 82.6% for ≤T3 vs. T4. However, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW-MRI in N-staging were 89.3%, 88.9%, 89.1% for ≤N1 vs. ≥N2; and 73.7%, 96.3%, 86.9% for ≤N2 vs. N3, respectively. Relative preoperative ADC values correlated with pT staging (r=-0.397, p=0.006). There was also a statistically significant difference of relative ADC values between ≤T3 and T4 stages, and a cut-off of 0.64 s/mm2 could differentiate these stages with an odds ratio of 7.714 (95% confidence interval, 1.479-40.243). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for differentiating ≤T3 and T4 stages was 0.725. Conclusion: DW-MRI may contribute to the clinical staging of non-metastatic GC. In particular, relative ADC of DW-MRI can distinguish T4 gastric cancer from less advanced T-stages.

Clinical Application of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Uterine Cervical Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zhaoxiang Ye ◽  
Haoran Sun ◽  
Renju Bai
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Uterine Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pathological Grade ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the application value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in evaluating histological type as well as pathologic grade of uterine cervical cancer; and to investigate whether ADC values could reflect tumor cellular density.MethodsNinety-eight patients with histopathologically proven uterine cervical cancer were included in this study. Mean ADC value and minimum ADC value of the tumor were measured. Tumor cellular density was counted using colored multifunction imaging analyzing system.ResultsBoth mean ADC value and minimum ADC value of squamous cell carcinoma were significantly lower than that of adenocarcinoma (P= 0.001;P= 0.000). Using mean ADC criteria (≤0.965 × 10−3mm2/s) and minimum ADC criteria (≤0.844 × 10−3mm2/s), the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma were 83.5% and 76.9%, and 77.6% and 92.3%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the Az values between them (P= 0.990). Tumor cellular density, mean ADC value, and minimum ADC value of different pathological grade varied significantly (P= 0.000,P= 0.000,P= 0.000). There was a significant positive linear correlation between tumor cellular density and pathological grade of tumor (P= 0.000). Both mean ADC value and minimum ADC value correlated negatively with cellular density (P= 0.000,P= 0.000) and the pathological grade of tumor (P= 0.000,P= 0.000). Comparisons of correlation coefficients showed no significant differences (P= 0.656,P= 0.631).ConclusionsDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has a potential ability to indicate the histologic type of uterine cervical cancer. Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements of uterine cervical cancer can represent tumor cellular density, thus providing a new method for evaluating the pathological grade of tumor.

scholarly journals Two-kidney one-clip is a pertinent approach to integrate arterial hypertension in animal models of stroke: Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain lesions before and during cerebral ischemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ménard ◽  
Laurent Chazalviel ◽  
Simon Roussel ◽  
Myriam Bernaudin ◽  
Omar Touzani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Although chronic arterial hypertension (CAH) represents the major comorbid factor in stroke, it is rarely integrated in preclinical studies of stroke. The majority of those investigations employ spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which display a susceptibility to ischemic damage independent of hypertension. Here, we used a renovascular model of hypertension (RH) to examine, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain alterations during the development of hypertension and after brain ischemia. We also examined whether MRI-derived parameters predict the extent of ischemia-induced brain damage. RH was induced according to the two-kidney one-clip model and multiparametric MRI was performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after hypertension and also at 10, 50, and 60 min following stroke. Blood pressure values increased progressively and reached a plateau at 6 weeks after RH induction. At 12 weeks, all hypertensive animals displayed spontaneous brain lesions (hemorrhages, deep and cortical lesions, ventricular dilatation), increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the corpus callosum and higher fractional anisotropy in the cortex. Following ischemia, these animals showed larger brain lesions (406 ± 82 vs. 179 ± 36 mm3, p < 0.002) which correlated with ADC values at chronic stage of hypertension. This model of hypertension displays many characteristics of the neuropathology of human CAH. The use of this model in stroke studies is relevant and desirable.

scholarly journals A Predictor of Tumor Recurrence in Patients With Endometrial Carcinoma After Complete Resection of the Tumor: The Role of Pretreatment Apparent Diffusion Coefficient

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kuwahara ◽  
Aki Kido ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
Kaoru Abiko ◽  
Kyoko Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prognostic and incremental value of pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumors for the prediction of tumor recurrence after complete resection of the tumor in patients with endometrial cancer.MethodsThis study enrolled 210 patients with stages IA to IIIC endometrial cancer who had undergone complete resection of the tumor and pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging. The minimum and mean ADC values (ADCmin, ADCmean) of tumors and normalized ADC (nADCmin, nADCmean) were calculated from magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance of ADC values of 4 types. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank tests, and Cox regression were used to explore associations between recurrence and the ADC values with adjustment for clinicopathological factors.ResultsIn receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the areas under the curve were significant for ADCmean and nADCmean predicting tumor recurrence but were not significant for ADCmin and nADCmin. Regarding univariate analysis, ADCmean and nADCmean were significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that ADCmean and nADCmean remained independently associated with shorter RFS. In the high-risk group, the RFS of patients with lower ADC values (ADCmean and nADCmean) was significantly shorter than that of patients in the higher ADC value group.ConclusionsPretreatment tumor ADCmean and nADCmean were important imaging biomarkers for predicting recurrence in patients after complete resection of the tumor. They might improve existing risk stratification.

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