scholarly journals Determinants of hospitalizations for pneumonia among Finnish drug users

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211878431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubunmi O Olubamwo ◽  
Ifeoma N Onyeka ◽  
Alex Aregbesola ◽  
Kimmo Ronkainen ◽  
Jari Tiihonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Clinical Consultation

Objective: The study examined the determinants of being hospitalized for pneumonia in a large cohort of drug users. Methods: Information of 4817 clients seeking treatment for illicit drug use was linked with the Finnish hospital discharge register to identify those who were hospitalized with main/primary diagnoses of pneumonia during 1997–2013. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between age, gender, homelessness, and route of drug administration of the primary drug at initial clinical consultation and pneumonia hospitalization. Findings were presented as adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: There were 354 persons diagnosed with pneumonia, with a total of 522 hospitalizations at the end of 2013. The univariate Cox models revealed that being over 44 years of age, male gender, homelessness, and intravenous drug use at initial clinical consultation increased the risk of being hospitalized for pneumonia. In the fully adjusted multivariate model, being over 44 years was the strongest factor independently associated with pneumonia hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.56–4.57, p < 0.001), followed by homelessness (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.38–2.22, p < 0.001) and intravenous drug use (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.59, p = 0.041). Of the 354 clients hospitalized for pneumonia, 31.9% ( n = 113) were rehospitalized within 30 days of being discharged. One-third of the reasons for the 30-day rehospitalization were pneumonia-related. Conclusion: Vaccination, measures addressing housing instability, safe injecting and good hygienic practices, and treating underlying drug use problems could help to reduce morbidity for pneumonia in this cohort.

Substitution treatment or active intravenous drug use should not be contraindications for antiviral treatment in drug users with chronic hepatitis C

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spilios Manolakopoulos ◽  
Melanie J. Deutsch ◽  
Olga Anagnostou ◽  
Stelios Karatapanis ◽  
Elli Tiniakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use

Intravenous Drug Use, the Combination of Drugs and Sexual Activity and HIV Infection among Gay and Bisexual Men: The San Francisco Men's Health Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Stall ◽  
David G. Ostrow
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
And Bisexual

This paper describes a sizeable subgroup of the AIDS caseload that has not been widely studied, that is, men with histories of both male homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. In this paper we identify differences and similarities between gay intravenous drug users and gay men with different histories of drug use; examine the relationship between HIV seropositivity and different patterns of drug use; and estimate whether gay intravenous drug users are more likely than other gay men to be a source of continued HIV transmission.

The changing face of women living with HIV in western Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Dethier ◽  
Natasha Rybak ◽  
Priya Hirway ◽  
Mariya Bachmaha ◽  
Jennifer Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Western Ukraine

Ukraine has the second largest HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe/Central Asia. This study characterizes the demographics of HIV-infected women in the Lviv region of western Ukraine, patterns in their clinical presentation, and factors associated with delays in seeking care. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 622 HIV-infected women who registered for HIV treatment at the Lviv AIDS Center between 2008 and 2013. A total of 81.6% of women were infected through heterosexual transmission and the remaining 18.4% through intravenous drug use. Slightly less than half (45.4%) was between 26 and 35 years old. Slightly more than half (56.7%) listed their residence in a city, 22.6% in villages. One-third (30.0%) of all women presented with AIDS, and 37.7% presented with symptomatic conditions. Women diagnosed with HIV during antenatal care experienced a median delay of 34 days between diagnosis and registration, compared to 87.5 days for nonpregnant women tested in the context of intravenous drug use. Overall, HIV-infected women in western Ukraine experience time delays in care, and often present with advanced HIV disease and secondary complications. Linkage to care in a timely manner is a high priority and substantial challenge for women, particularly for intravenous drug users who may face stigma and other additional barriers.

The prevalence of serological markers for syphilis amongst a sample of Spanish prostitutes

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Estebanez ◽  
Ma V Zunzunegui ◽  
J Grant ◽  
K Fitch ◽  
Ma D Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Prior Infection

The results of a multicentre study of 1668 Spanish prostitutes are described with regard to syphilis infection. For those women who permitted serological tests ( n =1095), 30.59% (confidence interval (CI): 30.55%-30.63%) were positive for markers indicating current or prior infection. After adjustment was made for other variables, a significant association with syphilis infection was observed for periods of exposure (i.e. age and years working as a prostitute). No significant associations were detected for either intravenous drug use, or educational attainment. The results of this study are similar to those of some other investigations into the prevalence of syphilis amongst prostitutes.

Risk factors for intravenous drug use and sharing equipment among young male drug users in Longchuan County, south-west China

AIDS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zunyou Wu ◽  
Roger Detels ◽  
Jiapeng Zhang ◽  
Song Duan ◽  
Hehe Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
West China ◽  
South West

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Cases According to the Year of Diagnosis and Selected Characteristics of Cases Registered in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991-2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Ravlija ◽  
Sandra Puvačić ◽  
Zlatko Puvačić ◽  
Ivan Curić
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Aids

In the period between 1991-2004, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina there were altogether 59 registered HIV positive persons, out of those 43 were clinically diagnosed with AIDS. Gender-wise, 83% of the infected were male, and 17% female. The age groups with the highest risk of being infected with HIV are 20-24 and 40-44. The most frequent way of infection is heterosexual intercourse (46%), followed by intravenous drug use (31%), whilst 23% of the registered were infected through homosexual intercourse. Out of 43 diagnosed AIDS cases, 42% are heterosexuals, 35% intravenous drug users, whilst 21 % are homosexual or bisexual. Out of the total number of registered HIV/AIDS cases in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thirty two died during the mentioned period (54%).

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS DRUG USE ON HEPATITIS C TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. BHUNU ◽  
S. MUSHAYABASA
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Contacts

A mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been proposed and investigated. The model presented looks into preferential sexual contacts between intravenous drug users and non-drug users. The threshold parameters of the model are determined and stabilities analysed. Both analytic and numerical simulations show that increase in intravenous drug use in addition to sex results in an increase of HCV cases. Thus, safe sex and treatment of HCV alone are not enough to curtail the transmission of HCV. Effective control of HCV require strategies that are tailor made for intravenous drug users.

Review of HIV Infection and Intravenous Drug Use.

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-656
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use
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