scholarly journals Acquired urea cycle amino acid deficiency and hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in a cat with inflammatory bowel disease and chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691878675
Author(s):  
Cécile Dor ◽  
Jessica L Adamany ◽  
Caroline Kisielewicz ◽  
Simone de Brot ◽  
Kerstin Erles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Case summary A 5-year-old male neutered Persian cat was referred for investigation of a 4 week history of weight loss, inappetence and intermittent vomiting. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and inflammatory bowel disease were diagnosed, and despite immunosuppressive therapy and assisted enteral nutrition, the cat experienced persistent anorexia, vomiting and severe weight loss. After 2 additional weeks of treatment, the cat developed acute-onset neurological signs associated with severe hyperammonaemia and was euthanased. Plasma amino acid assessment revealed deficiency of several amino acids involved in the urea cycle, including arginine. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an acquired urea cycle amino acid deficiency without nutritional deprivation in a cat. Several contributing factors were suspected, including intestinal malabsorption and CKD. This case demonstrates the importance of urea cycle amino acids in feline metabolism and possible necessity for parenteral supplementation, particularly in the context of persistent weight loss despite adequate enteral nutrition.

scholarly journals Profiling of Amino Acids in Urine Samples of Patients Suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Piestansky ◽  
Dominika Olesova ◽  
Jaroslav Galba ◽  
Katarina Marakova ◽  
Vojtech Parrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Urine represents a convenient biofluid for metabolomic studies due to its noninvasive collection and richness in metabolites. Here, amino acids are valuable biomarkers for their ability to reflect imbalances of different biochemical pathways. An impact of amino acids on pathology, prognosis and therapy of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is therefore the subject of current clinical research. This work is aimed to develop a capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the quantification of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids in human urine samples obtained from patients suffering from IBD and treated with thiopurines. The optimized CE-MS/MS method, with minimum sample preparation (just “dilute and shoot”), exhibited excellent linearity for all the analytes (coefficients of determination were higher than 0.99), with inter-day and intra-day precision yielding relative standard deviations in the range of 0.91–15.12% and with accuracy yielding relative errors in the range of 85.47–112.46%. Total analysis time, an important parameter for the sample throughput demanded in routine practice, was shorter in ca. 17% when compared to established CE-MS methods. Favorable performance of the proposed CE-MS/MS method was also confirmed by the comparison with corresponding ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method. Consistent data for the investigated amino acid metabolome were obtained using both methods. For the first time, the amino acid profiling by CE-MS approach was applied on the clinical IBD samples. Here, significant differences observed in the concentration levels of some amino acids between IBD patients undergoing thiopurine treatment and healthy volunteers could result from the simultaneous action of the disease and the corresponding therapy. These findings indicate that amino acids analysis could be a valuable tool for the study of mechanism of the IBD treatment by thiopurines.

scholarly journals Mo1842 – Relative Hazard of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Varies by Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-858
Author(s):  
Ravy K. Vajravelu ◽  
Lawrence Copelovitch ◽  
Mark T. Osterman ◽  
Frank I. Scott ◽  
Ronac Mamtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Relative Hazard ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Ferric Maltol: A New Oral Iron Formulation for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency in Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonice Khoury ◽  
Kaley A. Pagan ◽  
Michelle Z. Farland
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iv Iron ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of ferric maltol (FM), an oral iron formulation, for iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Data Sources: A MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE (January 1, 1985, to June 19, 2020) literature search was performed using the terms ferric maltol, accrufer, feraccru, iron maltol, ferric trimaltol, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic kidney disease. Additional data sources included prescribing information, abstracts, and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry. Study Selection/Data Extraction: English language literature evaluating FM pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, or safety in the treatment of IDA were reviewed. Data Synthesis: FM is a ferric, non–salt-based oral iron formulation demonstrating improved tolerance in patients with previous intolerance to other iron formulations. Phase 3 trials demonstrated significant improvements in anemia and serum iron parameters in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Common adverse effects were gastrointestinal intolerance. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: FM is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to oral iron salts for patients with IBD or CKD and IDA. Emerging data suggest that FM is noninferior to intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose in patients with IBD and IDA. Prior to selecting FM over IV iron products, consideration should be given to time to normalization of Hb, ease of administration, cost, and tolerability. Conclusion: FM is a relatively safe, effective oral iron therapy that may be better tolerated than other oral iron formulations. FM may be an effective alternative to IV iron in patients with IBD.

scholarly journals Differentiation in Species of Allomyces: The Production of Sporangia

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Youatt ◽  
R Fleming ◽  
B Jobling
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Haploid Plants

Conditions have been defined for the production of sporangia by vegetative plants of Allomyces species. Diploid plants produced zoosporangia and released spores in 3-4 hr at 32�C. Haploid plants produced sexual spores in a similar period. The chief factor controlling differentiation to produce sporangia was the supply of amino acids. Amino acid deficiency induced sporogenesis but individual amino acids varied in their efficiency in delaying differentiation and ammonium salts were ineffective. The process of sporangium production required adequate aeration and plants had previously to have been cultivated with adequate thiamine and glucose or to have these nutrients supplied.

scholarly journals Fecal Amino Acid Analysis in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmijn Z Jagt ◽  
Eduard A Struys ◽  
Ibrahim Ayada ◽  
Abdellatif Bakkali ◽  
Erwin E W Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Abstract Background Fecal metabolomic profiles differ between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and controls and may provide new insights in the pathophysiology of IBD. The role of amino acids, however, is not fully elucidated. We aimed to assess fecal amino acid profiles in pediatric IBD. Methods In this case-control study, treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients and a non-IBD control group, matched based on sex and age, were included in 2 tertiary centres. Fecal amino acid profiles were assessed using a targeted high-performance liquid chromatography technique. A random forest classifier method was used to develop a prediction model differentiating IBD from controls and predicting IBD phenotype. The association between IBD localization and amino acid concentrations was tested with ordinal regression models. Results We included 78 newly diagnosed IBD patients (40 Crohn’s disease [CD], 38 ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 105 controls. Patients with IBD could be differentiated from controls with an accuracy of 82% (sensitivity 63%, specificity 97%). Twenty-nine out of the 42 measured unique amino acids were included in the prediction model. Increased levels of tryptophan, taurine, alanine, ornithine, valine, histidine, and leucine were the most differentiating features. Children with CD and UC could be differentiated from the controls with an accuracy of 80% and 90%, respectively. Inflammatory bowel disease phenotype could not be predicted. Tryptophan, valine, and histidine levels were positively associated with more extended disease in UC patients (P < .05). Conclusions Fecal amino acids may enhance understanding of the role of host-microbial interactions in the pathophysiology of IBD and may evolve into biomarkers for pediatric IBD diagnostic and personalized medicine.

Renal functional reserve: from physiological phenomenon to clinical biomarker and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (6) ◽  
pp. R690-R702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu H. Jufar ◽  
Yugeesh R. Lankadeva ◽  
Clive N. May ◽  
Andrew D. Cochrane ◽  
Rinaldo Bellomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Renal Functional Reserve

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is acutely increased following a high-protein meal or systemic infusion of amino acids. The mechanisms underlying this renal functional response remain to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, they appear to culminate in preglomerular vasodilation. Inhibition of the tubuloglomerular feedback signal appears critical. However, nitric oxide, vasodilator prostaglandins, and glucagon also appear important. The increase in GFR during amino acid infusion reveals a “renal reserve,” which can be utilized when the physiological demand for single nephron GFR increases. This has led to the concept that in subclinical renal disease, before basal GFR begins to reduce, renal functional reserve can be recruited in a manner that preserves renal function. The extension of this concept is that once a decline in basal GFR can be detected, renal disease is already well progressed. This concept likely applies both in the contexts of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Critically, its corollary is that deficits in renal functional reserve have the potential to provide early detection of renal dysfunction before basal GFR is reduced. There is growing evidence that the renal response to infusion of amino acids can be used to identify patients at risk of developing either chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury and as a treatment target for acute kidney injury. However, large multicenter clinical trials are required to test these propositions. A renewed effort to understand the renal physiology underlying the response to amino acid infusion is also warranted.

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