scholarly journals Prevalence of Two-Syllable Digits Affecting Forward Digit Span Test Score

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401668182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars E. Egner ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
Ricardo G. Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Word Length Effect

The word length effect shows a connection between word length and working memory performance. Although the relationship between digit verbal length and digit span has been investigated between languages, it has not been investigated within a language. It was hypothesized that this effect can be shown as a connection between the prevalence of digits with two syllables and digit span score. The study examined the effect of amount of syllables on Norwegian digit span test scores by altering the prevalence of two-syllable digits using three conditions in a repeated measures design ( N = 54). Results suggest that an elimination of two-syllable digits in a digit span test significantly reduced forward span test score (Cohen’s d = 0.36), but had no effect on backward span scores. These results suggest that a balanced distribution of two-syllable digits in a forward digit span tests should theoretically increase the test’s comparability and reduce language-related biases thus increasing the test’s parallel-form reliability. A peak-span model is proposed to integrate the findings into previous research on the word length effect.

Methodology in Digit Memory Testing of College Students

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Lassman ◽  
Elaine S. Engelbart
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Memory Testing ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Testing Room

A total of 565 university freshmen were tested on an augmented forward and backward digit span test. Examiner training, directions, rate of presentation (1/sec), seating positions, subjects' age, and hearing sensitivity were controlled. Results suggest that digit memory performance may differ as the examiner is varied. Higher average scores were obtained than in the WAIS data. Performance was not related to time of day, sex of subject, or testing room.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Improving reading rate prediction with word length information: Evidence from Dutch

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110171
Author(s):  
Marc Brysbaert ◽  
Longjiao Sui ◽  
Wouter Duyck ◽  
Nicolas Dirix
Keyword(s):  
Word Length ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
English Word ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Word Length Effect ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Processing Effort

Previous research in English has suggested that reading rate predictions can be improved considerably by taking average word length into account. In the present study, we investigated whether the same regularity holds for Dutch. The Dutch language is very similar to English, but words are on average half a letter longer: 5.1 letters per word (in non-fiction) instead of 4.6. We collected reading rates of 62 participants reading 12 texts with varying word lengths, and examined which change in the English equation accounts for the Dutch findings. We observed that predictions were close to the best fitting curve as soon as the average English word length was replaced by the average Dutch word length. The equation predicts that Dutch texts with an average word length of 5.1 letters will be read at a rate of 238 word per minute (wpm). Texts with an average word length of 4.5 letter will be read at 270 wpm, and texts with an average word length of 6.0 letters will be read at a rate of 202 wpm. The findings are in line with the assumption that the longer words in Dutch do not slow down silent reading relative to English and that the word length effect observed in each language is due to word processing effort and not to low-level, visual factors.

scholarly journals Is spoken duration a sufficient explanation of the word length effect?

Memory ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Tehan ◽  
Georgina Anne Tolan
Keyword(s):  
Word Length ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Word Length Effect

scholarly journals Effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Tae-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Test Digit

BACKGROUND: Mastication improves cognitive function by activating cerebral cortical activity, and it is important to demonstrate the cognitive effects of masticatory training using a variety of different interventions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults living in the community. METHODS: For six weeks, twelve participants performed a masticatory exercise using a NOSICK exerciser device, and thirteen subjects performed daily life without masticatory exercises. Trail Making Test, Digit Span Test, and Stroop test were used to measure the cognitive function. RESULTS: The participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in TMT-A/B (p= 0.001 and 0.004), DST-forward (p= 0.001), and ST-word (p= 0.001). The effect sizes after the intervention were calculated as (1.2 and 0.8) for TMT-A/B, (0.8 and 0.2) for Digit Span Test forward/backward, and (0.6 and 0.2) for Stroop test color/word. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the masticatory exercises improve cognitive function in healthy older adults. Therefore, masticatory exercises can be used as a therapeutic exercise during cognitive rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Alteração na atenção e o tratamento da dor do câncer

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geana Paula Kurita ◽  
Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos Pimenta ◽  
José Oswaldo de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Caponeiro
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Trail Making

Os danos à vida diária que a alteração cognitiva pode provocar motivaram a elaboração deste estudo, cujo objetivo foi analisar o impacto do tratamento da dor com opióides sobre a atenção. Os doentes foram divididos em grupos que recebiam (n=14) e não recebiam opióides (n=12). Foram feitas três entrevistas, utilizando-se o Trail Making Test e o Digit Span Test, que avaliam a atenção. Os grupos foram homogêneos nas variáveis sociodemográficas, dor e depressão; não foram homogêneos no índice de Karnofsky e no recebimento de analgésicos adjuvantes. Os doentes sem opióides tiveram melhor desempenho no Digit Span Test - ordem inversa, na segunda avaliação (p=0,29) e não foram observadas diferenças no Trail Making Test. As alterações observadas foram limitadas, mas, enquanto novos estudos não confirmem os achados, doentes, profissionais e cuidadores devem ser alertados dos possíveis efeitos deletérios dos opióides sobre a função cognitiva.

scholarly journals Working Memory Impairment in Euthymic State of Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
A Jha ◽  
D Joshi ◽  
P Kattel ◽  
P Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Introduction: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders persist after the subsidence of active symptoms. This study was carried out to assess the working memory of patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state. Material And Method: Forty euthymic bipolar patients attending a tertiary care mental hospital with equal number of matched controls in terms of age, sex and education were included in the study. Working memory assessments was done using WAIS-III digit span subtest. Results: The mean of total digit span test for case group was 8.48±2.04 similarly it was 10.33±2.32 for the controls. The result showed that the mean digit span of cases and control groups are significantly different (p value of < 0.01). The Pearsons correlation between the clinical variables and working memory test in euthymic bipolar patients (case group) was found that the total score for digit span test was negatively correlated with all other clinical variables However, this correlation was found to be non-significant. Conclusion: The working memory impairment persists in remitted bipolar disorder patients and this may represent underlying trait abnormality not the state abnormality.

Visual Word Expertise: A Study of Inversion and the Word-Length Effect, with Perceptual Transforms

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7698 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Eklinder Björnström ◽  
Charlotte Hills ◽  
Hashim Hanif ◽  
Jason J S Barton
Keyword(s):  
Word Length ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Word Length Effect

The word length effect in backward recall: the role of response modality

Memory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-700
Author(s):  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Olivia Beaudry ◽  
Dominic Guitard ◽  
Myriam Pâquet ◽  
Katherine Guérard
Keyword(s):  
Word Length ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
Word Length Effect ◽  
Backward Recall
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