“Friday Night is their Super Bowl”: A Relational Investigation Regarding Occupational Stress Among American High School Football Officials

2020 ◽  
pp. 216747952096893
Author(s):  
Brianna L. Avalos
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interpretive Research ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
A Current ◽  
Friday Night

This interpretive research explores American high school football officials’ perceptions of occupational stress experienced both on and off the field. Within the United States, there is a current shortage of high school football officials. Overall individualistic identification within the association and how members make sense of their position on and off the field contribute to occupational stress. The research focused on one Southern Californian high school football organization officiating for youth, high school, and some college football. Data was collected through both semi-structured face-to-face interviews as well as analysis of field notes from football games and similar settings. This research utilized the theoretical framework of sensemaking as well as thematic analysis as a method in order to better understand and make sense of how members within the organization identify and manage stressful and hostile football-related situations. (Inter)personal relational stress-impacted themes emerged from the data: (1) with coaches, (2) with parents, and (3) with other officials.

Epidemiology of 10,000 High School Football Injuries: Patterns of Injury by Position Played

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Badgeley ◽  
Natalie M. McIlvain ◽  
Ellen E. Yard ◽  
Sarah K. Fields ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Patterns Of Injury

Background:With more than 1.1 million high school athletes playing annually during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years, football is the most popular boys’ sport in the United States.Methods:Using an internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers (ATs) from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athletic exposure and football injury data during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years.Results:Participating ATs reported 10,100 football injuries corresponding to an estimated 2,739,187 football-related injuries nationally. The injury rate was 4.08 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) overall. Offensive lineman collectively (center, offensive guard, offensive tackle) sustained 18.3% of all injuries. Running backs (16.3%) sustained more injuries than any other position followed by linebackers (14.9%) and wide receivers (11.9%). The leading mechanism of injury was player-player contact (64.0%) followed by player-surface contact (13.4%). More specifically, injury occurred most commonly when players were being tackled (24.4%) and tackling (21.8%).Conclusions:Patterns of football injuries vary by position. Identifying such differences is important to drive development of evidence-based, targeted injury prevention efforts.

Athletic Scholarships in Intercollegiate Football

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Pitts ◽  
Jon Paul Rezek
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Football Players ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Football Coaches ◽  
Athletic Scholarships

Despite the financial and cultural importance of intercollegiate athletics in the United States, there is a paucity of research into how athletic scholarships are awarded. In this article, the authors empirically examine the factors that universities use in their decision to offer athletic scholarships to high school football players. Using a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model, the authors find a player’s weight, height, body mass index (BMI), race, speed, on-the-field performance, and his high school team’s success often have large and significant impacts on the number of scholarship offers he receives. There is also evidence of a negative relationship between academic performance and scholarship offers. In addition, the authors find evidence of a scholarship premium for players from Florida and Texas. The results also show that running backs, wide receivers, and defensive backs appear to generate the most attention from college football coaches, other things equal.

Recruiting Reporters’ Perceptions of Ethical Issues

2020 ◽  
pp. 216747952094668
Author(s):  
Sam Winemiller ◽  
Adam Love ◽  
Jason Stamm
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
Institutional Oversight

In the Internet era, a substantial online media industry dedicated to covering the recruitment of high school athletes to college sports programs has developed in the United States. The current study explored the perceptions of football recruiting reporters with respect to their ethical responsibilities and the issues they face in their jobs. In doing so, the study builds on the work of Yanity and Edmondson, who explored the perceptions of journalists from other fields about ethical dilemmas they perceived as relevant in the budding high school football recruiting media industry. Through analysis of interviews with 15 people who have worked as reporters for major recruiting websites such as Rivals.com or 247Sports.com , we contend that several key ethical issues must be addressed by online college football and basketball recruiting outlets to protect athletes and to promote responsible journalism. These issues include (a) incessant contact of high school athletes by media members; (b) lack of institutional oversight by parent companies over school-specific sites; (c) ambiguous methodology behind player evaluation; (d) conflicts of interest inherent in recruiting media outlets hosting evaluation camps; and (e) lack of institutional protection from unethical pressures by members of college athletic departments.

Football Town under Friday Night Lights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Oriard
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Local Community ◽  
High School Football ◽  
National Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Magazines ◽  
Night Lights ◽  
Friday Night

This chapter traces the history of two competing views about the role of high school football in American communities: the “Football Town” and the “Friday Night Lights syndrome.” “Friday Night Lights” was named after H. G. Bissinger's 1990 book Friday Night Lights, a journalistic account of football at Permian High School in Odessa, Texas. “Football Town” originated from a series of portraits in popular magazines in the 1940s and 1950s. The chapter first provides a background on interscholastic football before discussing how the high school football game's place in the local community began to take on larger meanings when the national media began paying attention to it in the late 1930s.

scholarly journals “Clear Eyes, Full Hearts, Can’t Lose”: Friday Night Lights and Victorian Fictions of Provincial Life

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. King
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Television Series ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Night Lights ◽  
Friday Night ◽  
The U.S

Friday Night Lights, the 2006-2011 television series about a Texas high school football team, owes a debt to readers of Victorian fictions of everyday life and provincial fiction. Habituated to the quotidian, readers of Victorian fictions of provincial life are arguably the best equipped for understanding the critically-acclaimed television series, for in it, like the fiction that precedes it, hardly anything of moment happens. Plot and telos are hardly the point; the series locates its energies in the stuff of everyday life rather than in the logic of suspense. Recent work on the provincial novel helps us understand the politics of FNL in a way that goes beyond its own explicit themes of race, class mobility, and education. That both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the U.S. presidency in 2012 used the fictional team’s mantra—“Clear Eyes, Full Heart, Can’t Lose”—suggests the extent to which the ideas of the show tapped into a politics about nation. Paradoxically, the show’s deliberately provincial scope allowed it symbolically to unify the nation.

scholarly journals Challenges of recruiting emergency department patients to a qualitative study: a thematic analysis of researchers’ experiences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delyth Price ◽  
Michelle Edwards ◽  
Andrew Carson-Stevens ◽  
Alison Cooper ◽  
Freya Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Patient Recruitment ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Models Of Service Delivery

Abstract Background: At times of increasing pressure on emergency departments, and the need for research into different models of service delivery, little is known about how to recruit patients for qualitative research in emergency departments. We report from one study which aimed to collect evidence on patients’ experiences of attending emergency departments with different models of general practitioners, but faced challenges in recruiting patients. This paper aims to identify and reflect on the challenges faced at all stages of patient recruitment, from identifying and inviting eligible patients, consenting them for participation and finally to engaging them in interviews and make recommendations based on our learning. Methods: A thematic analysis was carried out on field-notes taken during research visits and meeting minutes of discussions to review and improve patient recruitment throughout the study. Results: The following factors influenced the success of patient recruitment in the emergency department setting: complicated or time-consuming electronic health record systems for identifying patients; narrow participant eligibility criteria; limited research nurse support; and lack of face-to-face communication between researchers and eligible patients. Conclusions: This paper adds to the evidence for improving patient recruitment in different settings, with a focus on qualitative research in emergency departments. Our findings have implications for future studies attempting to recruit patients in similar settings.

We Are Not a Nation of Softies

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bachynski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Middle School Children ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Tackle Football ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
High School Attendance

Although the Great Depression limited funding for athletics, New Deal programs helped build infrastructure that contributed to making football a ubiquitous sport in high schools across the United States. With the end of World War II, high school football surged in the context of increasing prosperity, high school attendance, and suburbanization. Football’s expansion to increasingly include pre-pubescent children renewed critiques of the “big business” aspects of the sport. The participation of younger children also fostered a new range of concerns about physical injuries, as well as the emotional pressures of competitive collision sports for elementary and middle school children. Yet calls for limits on tackle football were ultimately obscured by the political and social culture of the Cold War. Football safety concerns were discounted as the anxieties of overly protective mothers. From the claims of coaches to the promotion of competitive sports by American presidents, tackle football was widely celebrated as a physically and morally beneficial sport for boys.

Effect of a New Rule Limiting Full Contact Practice on the Incidence of Sport-Related Concussion in High School Football Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2294-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Y. Pfaller ◽  
M. Alison Brooks ◽  
Scott Hetzel ◽  
Timothy A. McGuine
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
American Football ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
Rule Change

Background: Sport-related concussion (SRC) has been associated with cognitive impairment, depression, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. American football is the most popular sport among males in the United States and has one of the highest concussion rates among high school sports. Measured head impacts and concussions are approximately 4 times more common in contact practices compared with noncontact practices. The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association passed new rules defining and limiting contact during practice before the 2014 football season. Purpose: To determine if the SRC rate is lower after a rule change that limited the amount and duration of full-contact activities during high school football practice sessions. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 2081 high school football athletes enrolled and participated in the study in 2012-2013 (before the rule change), and 945 players participated in the study in 2014 (after the rule change). Players self-reported previous concussion and demographic information. Athletic trainers recorded athlete exposures (AEs), concussion incidence, and days lost for each SRC. Chi-square tests were used to compare the incidence of SRC in prerule 2012-2013 seasons with the incidence in the postrule 2014 season. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to determine differences in days lost because of SRC. Results: A total of 67 players (7.1%) sustained 70 SRCs in 2014. The overall rate of SRC per 1000 AEs was 1.28 in 2014 as compared with 1.58 in 2012-2013 ( P = .139). The rate of SRC sustained overall in practice was significantly lower ( P = .003) after the rule change in 2014 (15 SRCs, 0.33 per 1000 AEs) as compared with prerule 2012-2013 (86 SRCs, 0.76 per 1000 AEs). There was no difference ( P = .999) in the rate of SRC sustained in games before (5.81 per 1000 AEs) and after (5.74 per 1000 AEs) the rule change. There was no difference ( P = .967) in days lost from SRC before (13 days lost [interquartile range, 10-18]) and after (14 days lost [interquartile range, 10-16]) the rule change. Conclusion: The rate of SRC sustained in high school football practice decreased by 57% after a rule change limiting the amount and duration of full-contact activities, with no change in competition concussion rate. Limitations on contact during high school football practice may be one effective measure to reduce the incidence of SRC.

scholarly journals Gender and the Grandfather Caregiver Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 510-510
Author(s):  
AviElle Raymore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Life Story ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Physical Play

Abstract In the United States, 2.7 million grandparents are responsible for a grandchild in their home. Grandfathers are present in the majority of grandparent caregiver households, but their contributions and voices are often overlooked. The aim of this study was to explore how grandfathers experience caregiving as men. Twelve grandfathers from the age of 50-76 years participated in the study. Two face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven grandfather caregivers while a telephone interview was conducted with one grandfather. Interviews focused on their life story, experiences as grandfather caregivers, and views on male caregiving. Data were analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. Gender was important throughout grandfather’s caregiving experiences. Grandfathers discussed their attitudes towards caregiving using language that reflected traditional gender norms. To them, women were nurturing caregivers while men were supposed to provide for their families as caregivers. Grandfathers appeared to stay connected to notions of traditional masculinities through participation in sports and physical play with their grandchildren and through their emphasis on men as responsible and providers. Grandfathers were aware that others may view them as incompetent caregivers, but they did not allow these stereotypes to affect how they viewed themselves as caregivers. These findings can improve the understanding of this population for service providers who work with grandparent caregivers. Providing better outreach for grandfather caregivers, strengthening programs and supports for them, and confronting attitudes or views towards male caregiving are important practice implications.

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