Do Americans Really Support Black Athletes Who Kneel During the National Anthem? Estimating the True Prevalence and Strength of Sensitive Racial Attitudes in the Context of Sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110196
Author(s):  
Lisa Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Football Player ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Black Athletes ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Racial Issues ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
List Experiment

Professional athletes in the United States have protested racism in various ways for decades. Kneeling during the national anthem became a prominent form of such activism, ever since American football player Colin Kaepernick popularized the practice in 2016. “Anthem protests” gained renewed attention after the police killing of George Floyd and nationwide unrest in the summer of 2020. This article explores whether public approval of those protests was weaker than scholars and journalists suggested, because survey respondents were reluctant to admit that they considered the protesters disrespectful. A list experiment confirms hidden opposition to anthem protests, especially among people of color, who may feel heightened pressure to support racialized protesters. A second experiment reveals that social desirability bias persists even after respondents hear reassurance that nobody will judge their views. These findings indicate that mainstream surveys misrepresent attitudes toward contemporary racial issues, and that anthem protests have yet to gain wide acceptance in the general U.S. population.

The contingency of corporate political advocacy: Nike’s ‘dream crazy’ campaign with Colin Kaepernick

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hoffmann ◽  
Karina Nyborg ◽  
Charlotte Averhoff ◽  
Simone Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Football Player ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
American Football ◽  
Political Advocacy ◽  
Epideictic Rhetoric ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
Social Cause

An emerging field of research views Corporate Political Advocacy (CPA) as a communication strategy that responds to the challenges of public relations in divided societies. CPA takes a political position in public and, by doing so, appears to deliberately alienate some of its stakeholders. This study challenges the assumption that CPA discards a unifying epideictic rhetoric in favour of agonistic politics. The investigated case is Nike’s Dream Crazy campaign starring American football player Colin Kaepernick, whose protest against race discrimination in the United States sparked a heated public debate. Although the critical analysis of the campaign and responses on Twitter reveal deep political cleavages, Nike is concurrently engaged in unchallenged communication praising the hyper-individualism of a market ideology. The epideictic contingency of Nike’s CPA undermines the social cause ostensibly at the heart of the campaign: the fight against racial discrimination.

Graphic panelling and the promotion of transnational affiliations in Thien Pham’s Sumo

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Monica Chiu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Football Player ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Football ◽  
The West ◽  
National Differences ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
East And West ◽  
New City

In Thien Pham’s comic Sumo, simple graphics, iconic figures and limited dialogue assist in efficiently conceptualizing the notion of the transitive, the ability to convey meaning, to allow images to translate concepts quickly, including that of transnationalism itself. Character Scott, a failed American football player, relocates to Japan to take up sumo. His physical transnational move and eventual accommodation to a new sport, new city and new friends are reflected in Pham’s loose OuBaPo form: sections of the comic occurring in Japan and those in the United States follow a fairly strict panel count, diminishing evenly as the narrative progresses, suggesting Scott’s amalgamation of and acceptance in the East from his arrival from the West. But neither is privileged in Pham’s use of nearly equal numbers of panels representing Scott’s past in the United States, present in Japan and future in a smooth amalgamation of football and sumo, East and West, strength and flexibility, failure and success. Sumo uses efficient visual approaches – the unique play inherent in OuBaPo as a drawing exercise in constraints, colour-coded panels and iconicity – to accommodate and unify race and national differences.

Facial twitching: calcium or concussion conundrum? Hypocalcaemia in a young American football player masking an internal carotid artery dissection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e231506
Author(s):  
Seethalakshmi Muthalagappan ◽  
Timothy Robbins ◽  
Hiten Mehta ◽  
Narasimha Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
American Football ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
Hemifacial Spasms

A 30-year-old male American football player presented to the acute medical unit with left-hand and hemifacial spasms. History and examination revealed hemifacial spasms in keeping with seizure-like activity possibly due to symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Subsequent investigations revealed an adjusted calcium of 1.87 mmol/L and, hence, he was managed with intravenous calcium replacement. He presented two further times in a 1-month period, with subjective limb weakness, despite normal adjusted calcium. During his third admission, he developed slurred speech and a marked facial droop, with absence of power in the right upper limb. Imaging revealed acute and old infarctions in the left middle cerebral artery territory and appearances consistent with left internal carotid artery dissection. This presentation of arterial stroke is atypical but with potentially grave consequences if missed. There is limited literature on the presentation of hemifacial spasm, and its association with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke represents a key learning point.

Gastrocnemius Injury Complicated by an Arteriovenous Malformation in a Professional American Football Player

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
Lawrence V Gulotta ◽  
James E Voos ◽  
Michael K Shindle ◽  
Leigh Weiss ◽  
Ronnie Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Football Player ◽  
American Football ◽  
American Football Player

Powder Zeeman NQR Study on the Absorption Forms for Nuclear Spin 5/2

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ege ◽  
S. Nishijima ◽  
E. Kimura ◽  
H. Akiyama ◽  
S. Hamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Line Shape ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Football Player ◽  
American Football ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
Nuclear Site ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
Small N

Abstract For nuclei which have a nuclear spin of 5/2 and exhibit a small asymmetry parameter of the electric field gradient (ƞ) at the nuclear site, line shapes of the Powder Zeeman NQR (PZNQR) spectra based on the transition between the energy levels m1 = ± 1/2 and ± 3/2 (the lower frequency line) were studied by means of computer simulations and experiments. (i) When an ƞvalue is very small (type 1; ƞ= 0), the line shape exhibits two shoulders like the style of the American football player. (ii) While an ƞvalue is small (type 2; 0 < ƞ< around 0.01) but not zero, the line shape has two small peaks which are symmetrically located on the shoulders, as in the case of the small ƞtype of spin 3/2. (iii) When an ƞvalue is not small (type 3; around 0.01 < ƞ), the line shape has two symmetrical dips in stead of the peaks, which are also similar to the case of not small ƞ type of spin 3/2. As the ƞvalue increases from around 0.01, the two dips grow and reach the maximum at the ƞvalue of 0.349, and then become smaller and obscure in the range of ƞlarger than 0.349.The observations of PZNQR spectra were performed for several compounds including the 127I and/or 121Sb nuclei to estimate the ƞvalues, and gave the results as follows: very small for 127I (207.683 and 209.133 MHz, at 77 K) in Snl4; very small for 127I (176.496 and 177.438 MHz, at 77 K) in Gal3; small for 127I (265.102 MHz, at 77 K) in CH3I; 0.33 for 127I (247.69 MHz, at 77 K) in C2H5I; 0.27 for 121Sb (58.23 MHz, at 290 K) in SbCl3. The estimated ƞvalues were compared to those obtained from the frequencies of two NQR lines for spin 5/2. They were in good agreement with each other for the small region of ƞ, though somewhat large disagreements were seen in the cases of not small ƞvalues.

scholarly journals Postmortem Autopsy-Confirmation of Antemortem [F-18]FDDNP-PET Scans in a Football Player With Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet Omalu ◽  
Gary W Small ◽  
Julian Bailes ◽  
Linda M Ercoli ◽  
David A Merrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Football Player ◽  
American Football ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Currently, only presumptive diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can be made in living patients. We present a modality that may be instrumental to the definitive diagnosis of CTE in living patients based on brain autopsy confirmation of [F-18]FDDNP-PET findings in an American football player with CTE. [F-18]FDDNP-PET imaging was performed 52 mo before the subject's death. Relative distribution volume parametric images and binding values were determined for cortical and subcortical regions of interest. Upon death, the brain was examined to identify the topographic distribution of neurodegenerative changes. Correlation between neuropathology and [F-18]FDDNP-PET binding patterns was performed using Spearman rank-order correlation. Mood, behavioral, motor, and cognitive changes were consistent with chronic traumatic myeloencephalopathy with a 22-yr lifetime risk exposure to American football. There were tau, amyloid, and TDP-43 neuropathological substrates in the brain with a differential topographically selective distribution. [F-18]FDDNP-PET binding levels correlated with brain tau deposition (rs = 0.59, P = .02), with highest relative distribution volumes in the parasagittal and paraventricular regions of the brain and the brain stem. No correlation with amyloid or TDP-43 deposition was observed. [F-18]FDDNP-PET signals may be consistent with neuropathological patterns of tau deposition in CTE, involving areas that receive the maximal shearing, angular–rotational acceleration–deceleration forces in American football players, consistent with distinctive and differential topographic vulnerability and selectivity of CTE beyond brain cortices, also involving midbrain and limbic areas. Future studies are warranted to determine whether differential and selective [F-18]FDDNP-PET may be useful in establishing a diagnosis of CTE in at-risk patients.

scholarly journals Sudden Paralysis in an American Football Player! Monster Football?

Praxis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Corinne Chmiel ◽  
Christian Giambarba ◽  
Johannes Trachsler
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Football Player ◽  
American Football ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Hypokalemic Paralysis ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
American Football Player ◽  
Guillain Barré

Abstract. This case of ascending paralysis, following an episode of diarrhea, was initially misinterpreted as Guillain-Barré syndrome. The prominent hypokalemia led to the search for other differential diagnoses, initially interpreted as a rare case of periodic hypokalemic paralysis, which usually occurs in Asians after intake of large amounts of starch foods, such as Spaghetti, or rest after heavy exercise. In this case, the reason for the hypokalemia with associated paralysis was caused by a hyperhyreosis factitia through denied intake of T3.

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