Pathological Personality Traits and the Experience of Daily Situations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Ryan Y. Hong ◽  
Wing Yan Chan ◽  
Jacqueline Y. R. Lim
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Everyday Situation ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

We examined the associations between personality pathology and daily situational experiences. College student participants ( N = 180) were assessed on pathological personality traits along with six assessments of everyday situation experiences. Independent raters judged situation descriptions provided by the participants to estimate the normative and consensually shared aspect of situations. Participants’ subjective situational construals were obtained by partialing the consensual aspect out of their in situ situation ratings. Substantive and meaningful relations between personality pathology and situations were found, and they were predominantly underpinned by subjective construal of situational characteristics. By using comprehensive taxonomies of personality pathology and situations, we advanced current understanding on the day-to-day situational dynamics and experiences of individuals with pathological personality tendencies.

Pathological Personality Traits and Intimacy Processes within Roommate Relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Ackerman ◽  
Conrad A. Corretti
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Interpersonal Process ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Perceived Responsiveness ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
Interpersonal Values ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Interpersonal Motives

Problems with intimacy constitute an important area of interpersonal dysfunction in those with personality pathology. Drawing on the interpersonal process model of intimacy, the present research used a longitudinal dyadic design of same–sex roommate pairs (n = 103) to address how certain pathological personality traits (i.e. Negative Affect, Detachment, and Antagonism) relate to the development of disclosure, perceived responsiveness, and closeness. We expected that participants’ pathological traits would be linked to both their own and their roommate's intimacy development, and that the mechanisms underlying these links would include the endorsement of interpersonal values and/or the dispositional expression of interpersonal behaviour in the roommate relationship. Our findings demonstrate that interpersonal motives and/or behaviours primarily help to explain how individuals with higher levels of Detachment manifest difficulty with intimacy. Implications of our findings for research on personality pathology, normative traits, and intimacy are discussed. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

Personality disorder traits: Testing insight regarding presence of traits, impairment, and desire for change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Sleep ◽  
Joanna Lamkin ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
William Keith Campbell ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Insight Into

Mixed findings exist as to whether personality pathology involves a critical lack of awareness and insight. Research questions about insight and awareness in personality pathology are typically assessed via comparing self and informant reports of traits. However, recent studies have measured insight by asking individuals to evaluate additional questions about impairment and desire to change. The present study uses a variety of approaches to examine these issues including investigations of convergence between self and informant reports (N = 197 dyads; correlations and comparisons of means) of personality psychopathology, desired trait levels, and perceptions of impairment. Convergence was observed between levels of self- and informant-reported traits, desired traits, and impairment. However, individuals rated themselves higher on pathological trait levels and impairment than did their informants. Furthermore, individuals with relatively higher pathological traits desired higher levels of these traits (but lower than their actual scores) than individuals with lower scores; on the actual measurement scale, however, these higher scorers rated their desired level below the neutral point. Overall, individuals with pathological personality traits possess a reasonable degree of insight into their actual trait levels and associated impairment.

scholarly journals Toward an Integrated Model of Pathological Personality Traits: Common Hierarchical Structure of the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gutiérrez ◽  
José Ruiz ◽  
Josep Maria Peri ◽  
Miguel Gárriz ◽  
Gemma Vall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

A dimensional classification seems to be the next move in the personality disorders field. However, it is not clear whether there is one dimensional model or many, or whether the currently available dimensional instruments measure the same traits. To help clarify these issues, the authors administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ) to 414 psychiatric outpatients. Factor analyses showed that a common hierarchical structure underlies both instruments, even if each one measures slightly different aspects of it. Disattenuated correlations indicated that, at the lower order level, two thirds of the PID-5 and DAPP-BQ facets measure essentially the same traits, although the pairings were not exactly as predicted. Among higher order domains, only PID Negative Affectivity and Detachment converged unambiguously with DAPP Emotional Dysregulation and Inhibition. Overall, the PID-5 and the DAPP-BQ reflect, with small divergences, one and the same structure of pathological personality traits.

Core dimensions of personality pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1201-1210
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Skodol ◽  
Leslie C. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

This chapter describes the emergence of dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of personality pathology. Broad personality traits underlie the meta-structure of psychopathology in general and describe the myriad manifestations of personality disorders (PDs) specifically. Domains of personality functioning distinguish personality styles from PD, and PD from other types of psychopathology, and represent the important construct of severity in personality pathology. This chapter describes the alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorder (AMPD) and the five-factor model of personality (FFM) by which it was inspired. It summarizes the development and longitudinal course of personality traits, personality functioning, and PD; the relationship of personality and PD with physical health and psychosocial impairment; and the clinical utility of dimensional diagnostic approaches. Finally, it illustrates how traditional DSM subtypes of PD can be rendered according to impairments in personality functioning and pathological personality traits in a ‘hybrid’ dimensional–categorical model.

Childhood trauma moderates morphometric associations between orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala: implications for pathological personality traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽  
Curtis L. Johnson ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract Background Research has demonstrated that chronic stress exposure early in development can lead to detrimental alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–amygdala circuit. However, the majority of this research uses functional neuroimaging methods, and thus the extent to which childhood trauma corresponds to morphometric alterations in this limbic-cortical network has not yet been investigated. This study had two primary objectives: (i) to test whether anatomical associations between OFC–amygdala differed between adults as a function of exposure to chronic childhood assaultive trauma and (ii) to test how these environment-by-neurobiological effects relate to pathological personality traits. Methods Participants were 137 ethnically diverse adults (48.1% female) recruited from the community who completed a clinical diagnostic interview, a self-report measure of pathological personality traits, and anatomical MRI scans. Results Findings revealed that childhood trauma moderated bilateral OFC–amygdala volumetric associations. Specifically, adults with childhood trauma exposure showed a positive association between medial OFC volume and amygdalar volume, whereas adults with no childhood exposure showed the negative OFC–amygdala structural association observed in prior research with healthy samples. Examination of the translational relevance of trauma-related alterations in OFC–amygdala volumetric associations for disordered personality traits revealed that trauma exposure moderated the association of OFC volume with antagonistic and disinhibited phenotypes, traits characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders. Conclusions The OFC–amygdala circuit is a potential anatomical pathway through which early traumatic experiences perpetuate emotional dysregulation into adulthood and confer risk for personality pathology. Results provide novel evidence of divergent neuroanatomical pathways to similar personality phenotypes depending on early trauma exposure.

Structure of Pathological Personality Traits through the Lens of the CAT-PD Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Leah Emery ◽  
Shereen Khoo ◽  
Lee Anna Clark ◽  
Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Domain Level ◽  
Pooled Sample

Personality pathology is increasingly conceptualized within hierarchical, dimensional trait models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorders (CAT-PD) is a measure of pathological traits with wider coverage than prevailing instruments—however, its domain-level structure is not established. In this pre-registered study, we investigated the domain level of the CAT-PD to provide structural evidence and construct validation of the higher-order structure of personality pathology using a more comprehensive set of lower-order traits than predominant measures. We estimated five- and six-factor models with exploratory factor analysis in a pooled sample of 8 independent subsamples (N=3,987) and found that both models fit the data well, each had interpretable factors that were invariant across gender and sample type, and the factors had good convergent validity with other maladaptive traits, Big Five personality, and interpersonal problems. Our results support the validity of the CAT-PD for assessing multiple levels of the pathological trait hierarchy.

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