Core dimensions of personality pathology
This chapter describes the emergence of dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of personality pathology. Broad personality traits underlie the meta-structure of psychopathology in general and describe the myriad manifestations of personality disorders (PDs) specifically. Domains of personality functioning distinguish personality styles from PD, and PD from other types of psychopathology, and represent the important construct of severity in personality pathology. This chapter describes the alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorder (AMPD) and the five-factor model of personality (FFM) by which it was inspired. It summarizes the development and longitudinal course of personality traits, personality functioning, and PD; the relationship of personality and PD with physical health and psychosocial impairment; and the clinical utility of dimensional diagnostic approaches. Finally, it illustrates how traditional DSM subtypes of PD can be rendered according to impairments in personality functioning and pathological personality traits in a ‘hybrid’ dimensional–categorical model.