DSM-5 PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Introduction: Individuals with personality pathology exhibit significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning that compromise psychological welfare of significant others. However, common pathological personality traits in college students remain unclear. Goal: This study aimed to describe pathological personality traits identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) Section III alternative model of personality disorder in college students. Methodology: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. Participants were 81 college students from a Colombian University who were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Results: Findings suggest that women scored significantly higher than men on hostility (z=-2.577; p=0.01; n2= 0.082). A medium size effect was found (p> 0.039) through the h2 index. The remaining variables did not prove statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Discussion: The personality domain that reached the most dysfunctionality was disinhibition (risk taking, impulsivity, rigid perfectionism). Negative affect had the highest mean score and gender differences in facets and domains showed that women scored significantly higher than men on hostility.

The Interpersonal Circumplex and the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders: Relationships among Older Adults

Introduction The interpersonal circumplex model measures interpersonal dysfunction along two axes (communion and agency), resulting in eight unhealthy patterns: Domineering, Vindictive, Cold, Socially Avoidant, Nonassertive, Exploitable, Overly Nurturant, and Intrusive. It is unclear how the circumplex model applies to older adults and their unique biopsychosocial contexts. This study examined relationships between the circumplex and personality disorder features, using the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder’s (AMPD) personality functioning and pathological personality trait constructs. Method: Older adults (N = 202) completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Circumplex (IIP-SC), the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report (LPFS-SR), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to measure pathological personality traits. Results Correlations were computed between the IIP-SC’s eight circumplex scales with the LPFS-SR’s four personality functioning domains and with the PID-5’s five domains. All circumplex scales significantly (p &lt; .001) and positively correlated with all LPFS-SR and PID-5 domains, with large effect sizes (&gt; .45). Next, regressions were conducted, with the LPFS-SR and PID-5 domains predicting each IIP-SC scale. Across the eight regressions, the AMPD constructs accounted for significant variance in the IIP-SC scales, ranging from 38% (Nonassertive) to 64% (Domineering and Cold). Discussion Significant overlap between the interpersonal circumplex and the AMPD was demonstrated, but patterns are distinct from previous research among younger adults. The circumplex was limited in its relation to the AMPD’s personality functioning, but the pathological personality trait model was well represented through the circumplex. Results indicate that the circumplex may have some validity among older adults and warrants further investigation.

ACADEMIC CAREER INTERESTS IN ACCOUNTING AND DARK TRIAD: EVIDENCE OF THE BRAZILIAN STUDENTS

Objective: The study aimed at verifying the association between Dark Triad and the interest in activities related to academic career among postgraduate accounting students. Method: The sample consisted of 124 students from postgraduate programs in the Accounting Sciences in Brazil. Data were collected through a survey and submitted to multivariate analysis. Results: The results show that narcissism and psychopathy are related to activities inherent to the academic career, while Machiavellian traits do not exhibit the same association. The lack of correlation between Machiavellianism and academic career activities may be related to the desired academic career profile. Students with narcissistic traits are adept at academic career activities mainly related to research and teaching. Psychopathic traits were not adept at activities related to teaching and extension (service to the external community), which may be related to the lack of empathy, lack of concern related to compliance with rules and insensitivity. Contributions: The study contributes to the gap in accounting research that discusses non-pathological personality traits and career interests, since previous research has demanded attention in view of the objective and subjective issues inherent to the career and, at times, marginalize the relevant activities career choice. In addition, such discussions are presented as an advisory material for HEIs in terms of outlining the performance and interest of future teachers regarding the activities inherent to the academic career.

Personality Profile in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia

Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive (healthy orthorexia, HeOr) forms. To date, few studies have been carried out to analyze the personality profile associated with orthorexia, and the results have been contradictory. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristic pathological personality traits associated with OrNe and HeOr. A total of 297 participants (Mage = 30.8 years; 94.6% women) from the general population completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF) questionnaires. Results showed significant low-medium correlations between OrNe and the four personality factors (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism) (rs range [0.08, 0.36]). In the regression analysis, the predictors of OrNe were Neuroticism and, to a lesser extent, Psychoticism. For HeOr, the associations were lower (rs range [−0.13, 0.05]) and negative, except Psychoticism. Only the relationship with Disinhibition was statistically significant, although after controlling for OrNe, Negative Affectivity and Antagonism also became significant. In the regression analysis, the predictors of HeOr were Disinhibition (negative direction) and Psychoticism (positive direction). The findings show that OrNe is associated with a pathological personality pattern characterized by difficulty in regulating emotions and negative affect (Negative Affectivity), as well as eccentricity, feeling special, and holding beliefs outside the norm (Psychoticism). However, HeOr seems to be related to the tendency toward high responsibility, self-control, the ability to maintain the focus of attention (low Disinhibition), and Psychoticism. Future studies should confirm whether this combination is a key component underlying the development and maintenance of orthorexia.

Structure of Pathological Personality Traits through the Lens of the CAT-PD Model

Personality pathology is increasingly conceptualized within hierarchical, dimensional trait models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorders (CAT-PD) is a measure of pathological traits with wider coverage than prevailing instruments—however, its domain-level structure is not established. In this pre-registered study, we investigated the domain level of the CAT-PD to provide structural evidence and construct validation of the higher-order structure of personality pathology using a more comprehensive set of lower-order traits than predominant measures. We estimated five- and six-factor models with exploratory factor analysis in a pooled sample of 8 independent subsamples (N=3,987) and found that both models fit the data well, each had interpretable factors that were invariant across gender and sample type, and the factors had good convergent validity with other maladaptive traits, Big Five personality, and interpersonal problems. Our results support the validity of the CAT-PD for assessing multiple levels of the pathological trait hierarchy.

The barrier between irresponsibility and responsibility. considerations regarding the forensic psychiatric expertisein criminal law

The irresponsibility from a medico-legal point of view is supported by the following criteria: non-formation of critical discernment; severe psycho-sensory or mental disability; altering the levels of elementary consciousness and operational logic; the psychopathological motivation of the moment of committing the antisocial act and of the deviant behavior in general; there is a direct causal link between the pathological personality traits and the crime committed; the forensic onset of mental illness; mental incapacity Analyzing all the above and referring to the topic studied in this paper, we can not fail to refer to how it contributes to the mental illness of a person who has committed a crime on determining his state of responsibility or irresponsibility, because this state determines whether or not the person is liable to criminal liability and, respectively, the punishment to be applied. In order to determine whether a person acted with discernment, ie he realized the degree of social danger posed by the act committed and was able to distinguish between what is permitted and what is not permitted by law, it is necessary the conclusions of some specialists.

Relationship Between Facebook Problematic use and Pathological Personality Traits: a Systematic Review

We aimed to investigate relationships between Facebook problematic use (Facebook PU) and pathological traits of personality, by a systematic review. The literature search was proceeded based on a search strategy including the keywords “Facebook”, “problematic use” and “personality”. We found a total of 236 publications and selected 21 papers for full verification. All of them were excluded, characterizing an empty review. As an attempt to increase the probability of finding eligible publications, first, we have broadened the search of the systematic review from “Facebook” to “social network sites” (and variations); and then from “social network sites” to “internet”. Regarding this last change, the final set of publications after full reading based on the eligibility criteria was composed by 15 papers. We emphasize that there was no empirical evidence on the relationship between Facebook PU and pathological traits of personality. Given the proximity between Facebook PU and internet addiction, it is possible to hypothesize that there is a relationship between pathological traits (i.e., Neuroticism, Impulsivity, and Psychoticism) and Facebook PU.